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ALL THE 



REPUBLICAN 

National Conventions 



FROM 



PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 17, 1856, 

TO AND INCLUDING 

ST. LOUIS, JUNE 16, 1896. 



Proceedings, Platforms, and Candidates, 



WITH 



TABLES SHOWING CONVENTION, POPTJLAK, AND ELECTORAL 

VOTES; NOTIFICATION SPEECHES TO AND RESPONSES BY 

MoKINLEY AND HOBART; LETTERS OF ACCEPTANCE, 

AND LISTS OF NATIONAL, CONGRESSIONAL, 

AND STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES, 

AND THEIR OFFICERS. 






COMPILED AND EDITED BY 



HENRY H. SMITH, 

IX-jOURNAL CLERK, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, AND AUTHOR OF THE "DIGEST AND MANUAL 
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S." 



WASHINGTON, D. 0. : 
ROBEBT BEALL, 

495 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. 
1896. 



FOR SUPPLEMENT, 
see page 125. 



ALL THE 



REPUBLICAN 

National Conventions 



FROM 



PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 17, 1856. 



Proceedings, Platforms, and Candidates, 



WITH 



TABLES SHOWING CONVENTION, POPULAR, 
AND ELECTORAL VOTES. 



COMPILED AND EDITED BY 

HENRY HfSMITH, 

EX-JOURNAL CLERK, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, AND AUTHOR OF THE " DIGEST AND MANUAL 
OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S." 




yofiZ 



WASHINGTON, D. C. : 
ROBEBT BEALL, 

495 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. 
1896. 



%»<■ 



Copyrighted, 1896, by Henry H. Smith. 




GIBSON BROS., Printers and Bookbinders, 

1238 AND 1240 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, 
WASHINGTON. D. C. 



-A 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 
Preface, 1 

I oductory. — A Brief History of the Formation of the Republican Party, 3 

] t Convention — Philadelphia, Pa., June 17, 19, 1856 — Fremont and Dayton, . 11 

Second Convention— Chicago, 111., May 16-18, 1860— Lincoln and Hamlin, . 15 

Third Convention — Baltimore, Md., June 7, 1864— Lincoln and Johnson, . . 25 

Fourth Convention — Chicago, 111., May 20-21, 1868 — Grant and Colfax, . .30 

Fifth Convention — Philadelphia, Pa., June 5-6, 1872 — Grant and Wilson, . 35 

Sixth Convention — Cincinnati, Ohio, Juue 14-16, 1876— Hayes and Wheeler, . 42 

Seventh Convention — Chicago, 111., June 2-8, 1880 — Garfield and Arthur, . 53 

Eighth Convention— Chicago, 111., June 3-6, 1884— Blaine and Logan, . .68 

Ninth Convention — Chicago, 111., June 19-25, 1888 — Harrison and Morton, . 78 

Tenth Convention — Minneapolis, Minn., June 7-10, 1892 — Harkison and Reid, . 92 



PREFACE. 



The purpose of this work is to give in as brief and compact form- 
as possible, the important or leading events of the ten National Con- 
ventions of the Eepublican party. 

The publication in the Minneapolis Tribune of June 5, 1892, of 
a history of the nine preceding Eepublican National Conventions, 
and in the Chicago Tribune of June 14, 1892, of a history of the 
fifteen preceding Democratic National Conventions, prepared by the 
writer, which histories were subsequently put in pamphlet form and 
had an extensive circulation, justifies the belief that their republica- 
tion in a separate and enlarged form would meet with greater favor. 
In accordance with that belief, based, it may be said, on 
numerous requests from prominent members of both these parties, 
the writer has revised that publication, adding details and proceed- 
ings of an important character, especially relating to cases of con- 
tested seats, important rulings by such distinguished parliamentarians 
as Senator Hoar and the late Edward McPherson, and like matters, 
omitted in the hurried preparation of the articles named. Several 
corrections, typographical and otherwise, have been made, and a full 
and comprehensive index, individual and subject, prepared ; special 
attention being given to the several platforms adopted by all the 
National Conventions of the Republican party, so as to bring out 
every subject or topic on which the party has declared its views. 
Great pains have been taken to verify these details, especially the 
platforms, by comparison with the official publications — in which, 
however, several errors were found — and it is confidently believed 
the substantial accuracy of this publication can be relied on. Some 
miscellaneous data, such as tables of convention, popular and elec- 
toral votes, officers of the various campaign committees, &c, has 
been added, and though it is not claimed that this little publication 
includes all of the interesting convention events, it is given to the 
public with the confident assertion that it contains most of the 
important or essential details and proceedings of the " Ten National 
Conventions of the Republican Party." This will be followed by a 
similar publication giving the convention history of the Democratic 
party. 

HENRY H. SMITH. 

Washington, D. C, May 15, 1896. 



. 



INTRODUCTORY 



It has been well said that " all political parties that have exerted 
marked influence upon their times, have had their beginnings far 
back of the period of their organization," and in continuation of this 
thought the same writer (E. Y. Smalley) says : " The Republican 
party was the child of the conscience of the North, aroused at length 
to assertion by the growth of the institution of slavery. In its em- 
bryonic forms it existed almost from the beginning of the Govern- 
ment. It did not gain strength and individuality, however, until 
more than half a century after the adoption of the federal constitu- 
tion." 

No history of the conventions of the Republican party would be 
complete without at least a brief reference to the conventions of the 
" National Republicans of 1831," the "Abolition party of 1839," the 
" Liberty party of 1843," the " Free-soil party of 1848 "—its legiti- 
mate successor — both of which met in Buffalo, N. Y, and the " Free- 
soil Democracy " which met at Pittsburgh, Pa., August 11, 1852. 



The " National Republicans " met in convention at Baltimore on 
December 12, 1831. All the Northern states save Illinois were rep- 
resented, with Delaware, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North 
Carolina, Tennessee, and Yirginia, having in all 157 delegates. It 
was a gathering of all the opposition to Jackson, though composed 
chiefly of the followers of Adams and Clay. It nominated Henry 
Clay of Kentucky for President, and John Sergeant of Pennsylvania 
for Yice-President, and in lieu of a platform issued an address 
severely criticising the administration for its corruption, partisan- 
ship, and abuse of power ; its hostility to internal improvements ; 
its treacheiy on the tariff question ; its war on the national bank, and 
for its humiliating surrender to Georgia in the matter of the Chero- 
kee Indians. 

This was the avant courier of the present convention system of 
nominations and " platforms," and was imitated by the Democratic 
party in the succeeding campaign. Although Mr. Clay received but 
49 electoral votes, viz: Massachusetts 14, Rhode Island 4, Connecti- 
cut 8, Delaware 3, Maryland 5, and Kentucky 15, he received a pop- 



ular vote of 530,189 (including that cast for Mr. Wirt, anti-Mason,, 
who carried Vermont), to 687,502 for President Jackson. The 
greater portion of ihis vote was merged in the Whig party organized 
in 1834, and in 1856 in the Republican party. 



The "Abolition party " first met in convention at Warsaw, N. Y. y 
November 13, 1839, and subsequently at Albany, April 1, 1840. It 
adopted a resolution at Warsaw, proposing the organization of a dis- 
tinct and independent Abolition party, and nominated James G. 
Birney of New York for President, and Francis Lemoyne of Penn- 
sylvania for Vice-President. Among its prominent members were 
Samuel Fessenden of Maine and the Rev. John Pierpont of Massa- 
chusetts. 

Its candidates received 7,069 votes, cast in all the Northern states- 
(thirteen) except Indiana. 

The " Liberty party " met August 30, 1843, at Buffalo, N. Y., and 
was composed of 148 delegates from twelve states. Leicester King 
of Ohio was chosen as chairman, and after a spirited debate, a " por- 
tentiously long platform " was adopted, devoted principally to the 
slavery question, James Gr. Birney of New York was nominated for 
President, and Thomas Morris of Ohio for Vice-President. The re- 
sults of this convention and organization were very remarkable — 
probably without a parallel in the history of parties in this coun- 
try — and were as unexpected by its most sanguine friends and sup- 
porters, as by its enemies. From an examination of the table of 
returns of that election, it appears that although the same number of 
States voted as in the preceding election, yet under the new apportion- 
ment, by which the number of Representatives was reduced from 
242 to 223, the number of electors was reduced to 275. Of this 
number Mr. Polk received 170, and Mr. Clay 105. Though Mr. 
Polk received a majority of sixty-five in the votes of electors, he had 
a majority of the popular vote of but 38,181 over Mr. Clay. Had 
the Liberal party — or "Abolitionists," as they were called — voted 
for Mr. Clay, he would have received the electoral votes of the states 
of Michigan (5) and New York (36), and would have been elected by 
146 electoral votes, against 129 for Mr. Polk. In New York 237,588 
votes were cast for James K. Polk (Democrat), 232,482 for Henry 
Clay (Whig), and 15,812 for Mr. Birney, while in Michigan Mr. 
Polk received 27,759, Mr. Clay 24,337, and Mr. Birney 3,632. 
The most important incident in the election was the celebrated 



*' PlaqueniiDes Parish fraud," by which Mr. Clay was cheated out of 
the electoral vote of Louisiana. In the election of 1840, that parish 
cast 250 Democratic votes, in 1842 but 179, in 1843 but 310, while 
in 1844 it returned 1,007 Democratic votes — a gain of 697 over the 
highest previous vote, almost exactly the Democratic majority in the 
state. 

Mr. Polk received 1,337,243, Mr. Clay 1,299,062, and Mr. Birney 
62,300 popular votes, South Carolina electing by legislature. 



The convention of the " Free-Soil party " met at Buffalo, August 
9, 1848, and contained representatives from seventeen states with a 
membership of nearly 300 delegates. Charles Francis Adams of 
Massachusetts was made its permanent president and Martin Van 
Buren of New York was nominated for President, receiving 159 
votes to 129 for John P. Hale of New Hampshire, Joshua K. Gid- 
dings of Ohio receiving 23, and Charles Francis Adams of Massa- 
chusetts 13 votes. Charles Francis Adams was then nominated for 
Yice-President by acclamation. 

The convention adopted strong resolutions, in which it " planted 
itself upon the national platform of freedom, in opposition to the 
sectional platform of slavery." It demanded cheap postage, re- 
trenchment of expenses and patronage of the federal government, 
the election of civil officers in the government service so far as 
practicable, advocated river and harbor improvements, free grant to 
actual settlers of the public domain, reduction of the public debt, 
a revenue tariff, and inscribed on their banner, "Free Soil, Free 
Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men." 

The canvass was short and spirited. The early elections were 
favorable to the Whigs. Thirty states participated in the election 
Florida having been admitted March 3, 1845 ; Texas, December 29, 
1845; Iowa, December 28, 1846, and Wisconsin, May 29, 1848. 
For the first time all the electors (save in Massachusetts) were ap- 
pointed, under the act of 1845, on one day, and in all the states 
save Massachusetts and New Hampshire, a j)lurality vote was suffi- 
cient. 

The popular and electoral votes were as follows : Popular — Zach- 
ary Taylor, 1,360,099; Lewis Cass, 1,220,544; Martin Yan Buren, 
291,263. Electoral— Taylor, 163; Cass, 127. 



The "Free-Soil Democrats" held their convention at Pittsburgh 
on August 11, 1852. Henry Wilson of Massachusetts was chosen 



president, and Frederick Douglass of New York, secretary. John P. 
Hale of New Hampshire was nominated for President, and George 
W. Julian of Indiana, for Yice-President, without serious contest. 

Samuel Lewis, chairman of the national committee, in calling the 
convention to order, stated that the call was intended to include all 
friends of freedom under whatever name they were known. He al- 
luded to the fact that Gerrit Smith, Fred. Douglass, and Lewis Tap- 
pen of New York ; Dr. Lemoyne of Pennsylvania ; Joshua R. Gid- 
dings and Rufus Spalding of Ohio ; Joseph R. Hawley of Connec- 
ticut and other distinguished men were present, with several dele- 
gates from the slave states. 

After a short contest, a platform — substantially that of the Free- 
Soil party of 1848— was adopted, which somewhat dampened the 
ardor of the extreme " abolition element." As a result, the canvass 
lacked zeal and spirit, and, the autumn election being favorable ta 
the Democrats, the result in November was a crushing defeat of the 
Whig party in both popular and electoral votes. 

Thirty-one states voted in this election — California having been 
admitted September 9, 1850. The apportionment under the census 
of 1850 (act of May 23, 1850), changed the number of electoral votes 
in several states. The popular and electoral votes were cast follows : 

Franklin Pierce (Democrat) carried the states of Maine, New 
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey^ 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South 
Carolina (by legislature), Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, 
Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illi- 
nois, Wisconsin, Iowa and California, receiving 254 electoral votes. 
Winfield Scott (Whig) carried the states of Vermont, Massachusetts, 
Tennessee and Kentucky, receiving 42 electoral votes. 

Mr. Pierce received 1,601,274, General Scott 1,386,580, and Mr. 
Hale 155,825 popular votes. 

The dissolution of the Whig party — which, after the campaign of 
1852, was in a moribund condition — was seen by its leaders to be 
inevitable. 

In that election it carried but four states — Vermont, Massachu- 
setts, Tennessee and Kentucky (the two latter by slender majorities) — 
even with so gallant a soldier as Winfield Scott as its candidate. 
The " Ostend manifesto " (so called), being a dispatch from James 
Buchanan, John Y. Mason and Pierre Soule, our ministers to Eng- 
land, France and Spain, respectively, which recommended the imme- 
diate purchase of Cuba, and threatened Spain with its forcible- 
seizure in the event of the refusal of Spain to sell it ; the Dred 



Scott decision and the assault on Senator Charles Sumner in the 
Senate chamber by Preston Brooks, a Representative from South 
Carolina, all contributed greatly towards increasing the alarm in the 
Northern states at the purposes and spirit of the slave power, and 
the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill in 1854, had the effect of an 
immediate crystallization of all the anti-slavery elements, which in- 
cluded the anti-slavery Whigs, the Free-soilers and anti-Nebraska 
Democrats. 

In the disintegration of the Whig party, which followed the elec- 
tion of 1852, many of its members in the New England and Middle 
states went into the " Order of United Americans," or Native American 
party, hoping to change the issue from slavery to "Native Ameri- 
canism," and for a few years that party had extraordinary success 
in state elections and sent several Representatives to Congress. 
That organization was bitterly fought by Horace Greeley, who pre- 
dicted at the time it was at the height of its power, that it would 
"run its career rapidly, and vanish as suddenly as it appeared. It 
may last through the next presidential canvass, but hardly longer 
than that. * * * It would seem as devoid of the elements of 
existence and persistence as an anti-cholera or an anti-potato rot 
party would be." 

Their national convention was held at Philadelphia on February 22, 
1856, although a " National Council" of the party had met three days 
before and adopted a platform. The convention consisted of 227 
delegates from 27 states — Maine, Vermont, Georgia, and South Car- 
olina not being represented. A bitter feeling was developed by the 
action of the National Council in adopting a platform, and, after a 
long and acrimonious debate, a resolution declaring that the Council 
had no authority to prescribe a platform of principles for the con- 
vention, and that no candidates for President and Vice-President 
who were not in favor of interdicting slavery in the territory north of 
36° 30' by Congressional action should be nominated, was laid on the 
table by yeas 141 to nays 59. This vote was followed by the with- 
drawal of most of the delegates from New England and Ohio, and 
many from the states of Illinois, Iowa and Pennsylvania. Millard 
Fillmore of New York was then nominated for President, and Andrew 
Jackson Donelson of Tennessee, Vice-President. 

The " seceding delegates " met and nominated John C. Fremont 
of California for President, and ex-Governor William F. Johnston 
of Pennsylvania for Vice-President. 

Practically the Whig party went to pieces as the result of the 



8 

election of 1852. It was kept alive in localities — mainly in the 
South — its membership being divided between the Native American 
and Anti-Administration parties, and a convention of delegates from 
what was then called the " great Whig wreck," met in Baltimore on 
September 17 and endorsed the nominations of Fillmore and Donel- 
son, but repudiated the Native American platform. 



The necessity for the organization of a new party to resist the 
encroachments of slavery was felt throughout the North through the 
following year, and culminated after the Kansas-Nebraska bill was 
introduced in the House of Representatives on January 23, 1854. 
Meetings were held throughout the North and West to take measures 
for the organization of a new party, based on the single idea or 
principle of " non-extension of slavery into the territories." The 
leading spirits in these meetings were usually recognized anti-slavery 
leaders, but nothing came from them save scattering local victories 
in 1853. 

Although it has been the subject of dispute, it is now generally 
conceded that the present Republican party had its birth " under the 
oaks " at Jackson, Mich., where a state convention was held on July 
6, 1854, and that the title was first suggested by Horace Greeley in 
a letter to a delegate to that convention. The letter was shown to 
Senator Jacob M. Howard, Austin Blair (Michigan's " War Governor "), 
and others, and, the suggestion meeting with favor, was formally 
adopted in the resolutions of the convention, and shortly afterwards 
was adopted by conventions in the states of Maine, Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa. 

A strenuous effort was made by many of the old Whig local lead- 
ers — the late Senator Zachariah Chandler being very active in this 
respect — to keep the Whig party alive, and in Pennsylvania and 
the New England states, as well as in the entire South, a Whig 
ticket was put in the field. " The success of the Republicans in all 
the states," says Mr. Smalley, " where they ran straight tickets of 
their own, gave a great impetus to the further extension of the party." 
Its first national triumph was won in November, 1854, in securing 
control of the House of Representatives of the Thirty-fourth congress, 
which convened December 3, 1855, when, after an ineffectual strug- 
gle of two months to elect a Speaker, it was agreed that a " plurality 
vote " should elect, and on February 2, 1856, Nathaniel P. Banks, 
Jr., of Massachusetts, was chosen on the 133d ballot. The " Kansas 
troubles " (so called) took much of the time of this congress, the 



House passing the army appropriation with a proviso forbidding the 
use of the army to enforce the acts of the pro-slavery Kansas legis- 
lature. The Senate rejected the proviso and the bill failed. Presi- 
dent Pierce called an extra session immediately, and the army bill 
without the proviso, became a law, the House receding therefrom. 
During this congress, grants of public lands were made in various 
Southern and Western states to aid in the construction of new rail- 
roads, and the tariff act of 1857, which reduced duties on imports to 
a rate lower than those of any tariff since that of 1816, were the 
only measures of importance which became laws. 

In 1855 the Eepublicans throughout the North strengthened their 
organizations and in many states were successful. The Whig party 
exhibited vitality in but four states ; Maine, New Hampshire, Massa- 
chusetts and Ohio, while in the South it was completely merged in 
the Know-Nothing or American organization. The " Kansas troubles " 
(so called) which occupied most of the time of the Thirty-fourth 
Congress, steadily weakened the Whig, in the proportion that it 
strengthened the Republican party. The latter was, however, with- 
out a national organization, and a few of the leaders in the move- 
ment for its formation accordingly called a national convention for 
the purpose of effecting an organization. 

The call for this convention was issued from Washington, D. C, 
on January 17, 1856, and is as follows, viz : 

To the Republicans of the United States : 

In accordance with what appears to be the general desire of the Republican party, 
and at the suggestion of a large portion of the Eepublican press, the undersigned, 
chairmen of the State Republican Committees of Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, New 
York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Wisconsin, hereby invite the Re- 
publicans of the Union to meet in informal convention at Pittsburg, on the 22d of 
February, 1856, for the purpose of perfecting the National Organization and providing 
for a National Delegate Convention of the Republican party, at some subsequent day, 
to nominate candidates for the Presidency and Vice-Presidency, to be supported at 
the election in November, 1856. 

Signed Alfred P. Stone of Ohio ; J. Z. Goodrich of Mass. ; David Wilmot of 
Penna. ; Lawrence L. Brainerd of Vt., and William A. White of Wis. Other signa- 
tures were subsequently appended. 

The convention was composed of Abolitionists, Anti- Administra- 
tion Democrats, Free Soilers, Native Americans and Whigs, and 
came near breaking up without accomplishing any practical result. 
Through the efforts of Lewis Clephane of Washington, D. C, Francis 
P. Blair was elected a delegate from Maryland, and made president 
of the convention without objection, and his ability, tact and dis- 
cretion prevented a complete fiasco. An executive committee was 
appointed which was authorized to call a convention for the pur- 
pose of nominating candidates for President and Vice-President, 
which committee met in Washington on March 27, 1856. After the 



10 

most careful deliberation and consideration of various propositions 
as to the form of the call, and consultation with Kepublican leaders 
in Congress, the following brief but comprehensive call was issued, 
viz : 

To the People of the United States: 

The people of the United States, without regard to past political differences or divis- 
ions, who are opposed to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, to the policy of the 
present administration, to the extension of slavery into the territories, in favor of the 
admission of Kansas as a free state, and of restoring the action of the Federal Gov- 
ernment to the principles of Washington and Jefferson, are invited by the National 
Committee, appointed by the Pittsburgh Convention of the 22d of February, 1856, to 
send from each state three delegates from every congressional district, and six dele- 
gates at large, to meet in Philadelphia on the seventeenth day of June next, for the 
purpose of recommending candidates to be supported for the offices of President and 
Vice-President of the United States. (Signed) Edwin D. Morgan, New York ; Francis 
P. Blair, Maryland ; John M. Niles, Connecticut ; David Wilmot, Pennsylvania; A. P. 
Stone, Ohio; William M. Chase, Rhode Island; John Z. Goodrich, Massachusetts; 
George Rye, Virginia ; Abner R. Hallo well, Maine ; E. S. Leland, Illinois : Charles 
Dickey, Michigan ; George G. Fogg, New Hampshire ; A. J. Stevens, Iowa ; Cornelius 
Cole, California; Lawrence Brainerd, Vermont; William Grose, Indiana; Wyman 
Spooner, Wisconsin ; C. M. K. Paulison, New Jersey; E. D. Williams, Delaware; 
John G. Fee, Kentucky ; James Redpath, Missouri ; Lewis Clephane, District of 
Columbia, National Committee. 



FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION, 

Held at Philadelphia, Pa., June 17-19, 1856. 



FREHONT and DAYTON. 

The first Eepublican National Convention was altogether the 
most spontaneous and remarkable convention in American political 
history. The delegates were not chosen on any uniform rule or 
plan, and strict regard was not paid to the number of votes to which 
a state should be entitled, New York having 96, Ohio 69, and Penn- 
sylvania 81, the total number of accredited delegates being 565. 

All of the Northern states were represented, as were Delaware, 
Kentucky, and Maryland.- The convention was called to order by 
Edwin D. Morgan, chairman of the Republican national executive 
committee, who reported the name of Robert Emmett of New York 
for temporary chairman, and a vice-president and secretary from 
each state. The organization was perfected by the selection of 
Henry S. Lane of Indiana as permanent president and the appoint- 
ment of committees, after which the convention was turned into a 
" political love-feast," and gave itself up to speech-making, the 
speeches being of the most exuberant and enthusiastic character, a 
natural proceeding in view of the numerous accessions it was re- 
ceiving from the Whig and American parties, and the extraordinary 
success it had recently achieved in the Northern states. 

The only contested seats in this convention were from the first 
four districts in Pennsylvania. The report of the Committee on Cre- 
dentials thereon was adopted unanimously. 

The following resolutions, reported by Hon. Elbridge G. Spauld- 
ing from the Committee on Credentials and Rules, were adopted 
without division, viz : 

Resolved, That in voting for a candidate for President, the states be called in their 
order, and that the chairman of each delegation present the number of votes given to 
each candidate for President by the delegates from his state, each state being limited 
in its votes to three times the number of electors to which such state is entitled : 
Provided, That no state shall give a larger vote than the number of delegates actually 
present in the Convention ; 

And provided, That Kansas shall be considered for this purpose as a state, with the 
same electoral votes as any other state entitled to only one representative in Congress. 

Resolved, That the same rule shall apply to the nomination of Vice-President. 

Resolved, That the rules of the House of Representatives be adopted, so far as they 
are applicable, in this Convention. 



12 

On an informal ballot for President, Col. John C. Fremont of 
California, received 359 votes ; John McLean of Ohio, 196 ; Charles 
Sumner of Massachusetts, 2, and William H. Seward of New York, 
1 vote. Col. Fremont was then unanimously nominated. An in- 
formal ballot was the o n taken for a candidate for Vice-President, on 
which William L. Dayton of New Jersey, received 259 votes ; Abra- 
ham Lincoln of Illinois, 110 ; Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts, 
46, twelve other candidates receiving scattering support. Mr. Day- 
ton was then unanimously nominated. 

The fact that Col. Fremont had declined the nomination of the 
seceders from the " Know-Nothing " convention, contributed in a 
large measure to bring about his Domination, while that of Mr. Day- 
ton for Vice-President was expected to complete the disruption of 
the Whig party. The following platform, reported by David Wil- 
mot of Pennsylvania, was adopted without debate, the final resolu- 
tion only being amended by striking out the words " proscriptive " 
and " affecting," and inserting in lieu of the latter the word " im- 
pairing : " 

This Convention of Delegates, assembled in pursuance of a call addressed to the> % 
people of the United States, without regard to past political differences or divisions, 
who are opposed to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise ; to the policy of the pres- 
ent administration ; to the extension of slavery into free territory ; in favor of the 
admission of Kansas as a free State ; of restoring the action of the federal government 
to the principles of Washington and Jefferson, and for the purpose of presenting 
candidates for the offices of President and Vice-President, do resolve : 
\ Resolved, That the maintenance of the principles promulgated in the Declaration of 
Independence, and embodied in the federal constitution, are essential to the preser- 
vation of our Republican institutions, and that the federal constitution, the rights of 
the states, and the union of the states, must and shall be preserved. 

Resolved, That with our Republican fathers, we hold it to be a self-evident truth, 
that all men are endowed with the inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of 
happiness, and that the primary object and ulterior designs of our federal ^govern- 
ment were to secure these rights to all persons under its exclusive jurisdiction ,» that as 
our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all of our national terri- 
tory, ordained that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without 
due process of law, it becomes our duty to maintain this provision of the constitution 
against all attempts to violate it for the purpose of establishing slavery in any Terri- 
tory of the United States, by positive legislation, prohibiting its existence or exten- 
sion therein. That we deny the authority of Congress or of a Territorial legislature, 
of any individual, or association of individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in 
any Territory of the United States, while the present constitution shall be main- 
tained. 

- Resolved, That the Constitution confers upon Congress sovereign power over the 
Territories of the United States for their government/ and that in the exercise of this 
power, it is both the right and the imperative duty of Congress to prohibit in the 
Territories those twin relics of barbarism — polygamy and slavery. 
* Resolved, That while the constitution of the United States was ordained and established 
by the people, ' ' in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic 
tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure t.he ■ 
blessings of liberty," and contains ample provision for the protection of thelife^liberty, 
and property of every citizen, the dearest constitutional rights of the peoplevbf Kan- 
sas have been fraudulently and violently taken from them ; their territory has been 
invaded by an armed force ; spurious and pretended legislative, judicial, and execu- 
tive officers have been set over them, by whose usurped authority, sustained by the 
military power of the government, tyrannical and unconstitutional laws have been en- 



13 

acted and enforced ; the rights of the people to keep and bear arms have been in- 
fringed : test oaths of an extraordinary and entangling nature have been imposed as 
a condition of exercising the right of suffrage and holding office ; the right of an 
accused person to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury has been denied ; the 
right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against 
unreasonable searches and seizures has been violated ; they have been deprived of 
life, liberty, and property without due process of law ; the freedom of speech and of 
the press has been abridged ; the right to choose their representatives has been made 
of no effect : murders, robberies, and arsons have been instigated and encouraged, 
and the offenders have been allowed to go unpunished. That all of these things have 
been done with the knowledge, sanction, and procurement of the present national ad- 
ministration, and that for this high crime against the Constitution, the Union, and 
humanity, we arraign the administration, the President, his advisers, agents, sup- 
porters, apologists, and accessories, either before or after the fact, before the country 
and before the world : and that it is our fixed purpose to bring the actual perpetrators 
of these atrocious outrages and their accomplices to a sure and condign punishment 
hereafter. 

Resolved, That Kansas should be immediately admitted as a State of this Union, 
with her present free constitution, as at ouce the most effectual way of securing to 
her citizens the enjoyment of the rights and privileges to which they are entitled, and 
of ending the civil strife now raging in her territory. 

Resolved, That the highwayman's plea, that " might makes right," embodied in the 
Ostend Circular, was in every respect unworthy of American diplomacy, and would 
bring shame and dishonor upon any government or people that gave it their sanction. 

Resolved, That a railroad to the Pacific Ocean by the most central and practicable 

route is imperatively demanded by the interests of the whole country, and that the 

federal government ought to render immediate and efficient aid in its construction, 

and, as an auxiliary thereto, to the immediate construction of an emigrant route on 

. the line of the railroad. 

/* Resolved, That appropriations by Congress for the improvement of rivers and 
' harbors, of a national character, required for the accommodation and security of our 
existing commerce, are authorized by the constitution, and justified by the obligation 
of government to protect the lives and property of its citizens. 

Resolved, That we invite the affiliation and co-operation of the men of all parties, 
however differing from us in other respects, in support of the principles herein de- 
clared ; and believing that the spirit of our institutions, as well as the Constitution of 
our country, guarantees liberty of conscience and equality of rights among citizens, 
we oppose all (proscriptive) legislation (affecting) impairing their security. 

The National Committee chosen, met after the adjournment of 
the convention and elected Edwin D. Morgan of New York chair- 
man, and Norman B. Judd of Illinois secretary. 

The Democratic National Convention which met at Cincinnati, 
June 2-6, nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania for Presi- 
dent and John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky for Vice-President. 
The Native American (Know-Nothing) national convention met at 
Philadelphia February 22-25, and nominated Millard Fillmore of 
New York for President and Andrew Jackson Donelson of Tennes- 
see for Vice-President, and the Whig National Convention which met 
at Baltimore Sept. 17-18, ratified the nominations of Fillmore and 
Donelson, and adopted a " wishy-washy " platform as its final declara- 
tion of opinions. 

The canvass following was remarkable in many respects. In the 
South the contest was between Mr. Buchanan and Mr. Fillmore, 
while in the North there was a lively campaign, somewhat on the 
" hard-cider " order of 1840. The earlier elections were favorable 
to the Republicans, but the results in October were discouraging. 



14 



The Republicans carried Ohio, but lost Indiana, while Pennsylvania 
gave the Democratic candidates for State officers majorities over the 
combined Republican and Whig vote, due to the fact that the " Qua- 
kers did not come out." 

Thirty-one states voted at this election, the popular and electoral 
votes being as follows, viz : 

POPULAK AND ELECTORAL VOTE OF 1856. 



States. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky , 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland .., 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York , 

North Carolina.., 

Ohio 

Pennsjdvania 

Ehode Island 

* South Carolina . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Popttlak. 



Buchanan, 
Democrat. 



46, 739 

21,910 

53,365 

34, 995 

8,004 

6,358 

56, 578 

105, 348 

118,670 

36, 170 

74, 662 

22, 124 

39.089 

39,115 

39, 240 

52, 136 

35,446 

58, 164 

32,789 

46,913 

195,878 

48, 246 

170, 874 

230, 710 

6,680 



Fremont, 
Republican. 



20, 691 

42, 715 

308 



73, 638 
31,169 
10, 569 
89, 706 
52, 843 



Total ! 1,838,169 



96,189 

94, 375 

43, 954 

314 



67, 379 

281 

108, 190 

71,762 



38, 345 

28, 338 

266, 007 



187,497 

147,510 

11,467 



39,561 

291 

66, 090 

1,341,264 



Fillmore, 
Whig. 



28,551 

10, 787 

36,165 

2,615 

6,175 

4,833 

42, 228 

37, 444 

22, 386 

9,180 

67, 416 

20, 709 

3,325 

47, 460 
19,626 

1,660 
24, 195 

48, 524 
422 

25, 115 
124, 604 
36, 886 
28,126 
82, 175 
1,675 



66, 178 
15.639 

545 
60, 310 

579 

874, 534 



Electoral. 



Buch- Fre- 
auan. mont. 



174 



9 




4 




4 






6 


3 




4 




10 




11 




13 




12 


4 


6 






8 








13 




6 


7 
9 






5 


7 






35 


10 






23 


27 


4 


8 




12 




4 




" 15* 


5 

5 







114 



* By Legislature. 

Mr. Fillmore received only the electoral vote (8) of Maryland. 
The Republicans at this time (34th Congress) had fifteen members 
in the Senate, and one hundred and eight in the House of Repre- 
sentatives, though some were classed under other titles, the Demo- 
crats having eighty-three and the Native Americans forty-three 
members, Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts, after a protracted 
contest, being elected Speaker by a plurality vote. 



SECOND NATIONAL CONVENTION 

Chicago, Illinois, May 16-18, i860. 



LINCOLN and HAMLIN. 



The Second National Convention of the Republican party met 
under the most gratifying auspices, *and, if possible, was more enthu- 
siastic than its predecessor. The Republicans had carried every North- 
ern state in which an election was held in 1859, with the exception 
of California; Oregon, where the opposition majority was but 59 ; 
New York, where the united vote of the Democrats and third party 
men was less than 2,000 more than the Republican vote, and Rhode 
Island, where they were defeated by a fusion of all the opposition 
elements. 

All the free states were represented, delegates also being present 
from the states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Texas and 
Virginia, and from the Territories of Kansas, Nebraska and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. There was some suspicion as to the status of 
some of the Western, Southern and Territorial delegates — Horace 
Greeley being a delegate from Oregon, and Don C. Henderson 
of Allegan, Mich., formerly a writer on the Tribune, a delegate 
from Texas — but they were finally given seats with diminished 
voting strength. 

The report of the Committee on Credentials was recommitted, and 
as again reported was adopted. It assigned delegates as follows 
Maine 16 ; New Hampshire 10 ; Vermont 10 ; Massachusetts 26 
Rhode Island 8 ; Connecticut 12 ; New York 70 ; New Jersey 14 
Pennsylvania 54 ; Maryland 11 ; Delaware 6 ; Virginia 23 ; Ken- 
tucky 23 ; Ohio 46 ; Indiana 26 ; Missouri 18 ; Michigan 12 ; Illinois 
22 ; Wisconsin 10 ; Iowa 8 ; California 8 ; Minnesota 8 ; Oregon 
5, and Texas 6 ; (Territories) Kansas 6 ; Nebraska 6 ; District of 
Columbia 2. Total 466. 

David Wilmot, of Pennsylvania, was chosen temporary chairman, 
and George Ashmun, of Massachusetts, permanent president. 

On the second day's session there was a long debate over the reso- 
lution reported from the Committee on Order of Business, which 






16 

presented the question whether a majority of the whole number of 
delegates, comprising all of the states of the Union fully represented 
in the electoral college (304 votes), or only a majority of the dele- 
gates voting, should be necessary to nominate. The first proposition 
— almost the equivalent of the Democratic two-thirds rule — was re- 
sisted strenuously by the friends of Mr. Seward, and was rejected 
by yeas, 331 ; nays, 130. 

The rules of the House of Representatives were then adopted for 
the government of the convention until otherwise ordered. 

On Thursday (second day) Thomas Corwin of Ohio, from the Com- 
mittee on Order of Business and Rules, reported the following rules, 
viz : 

Rule 1. Upon all subjects before the Convention, the States and Territories shall 
be called in the following order : 

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Indi- 
ana, Missouri, Texas, Wisconsin, Iowa, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, Ne- 
braska, District of Columbia. 

Rule 2. Four votes shall be cast by the delegates at large of each State, and each 
Congressional District shall be entitled to two votes. The votes of each delegation 
shall be reported by its chairman. 

Rule 3. The report of the Committee on Platform and Resolutions shall be acted 
upon before the Convention proceeds to ballot for candidates for President and Vice- 
President. 

Rule 4. Three hundred and four votes, being a majority of the whole number of 
votes when all the States of the Union are represented in this Convention, according 
to the rates of representation presented in Rule 2, shall be required to nominate the 
candidates of this Convention for the offices of President and Vice-President. 

Rule 5. The rules of the House of Representatives shall continue to be the rules of 
this Convention in so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with the fore- 
going rules. 

The platform, as reported by Mr. William Jessup, of Pennsylva- 
nia, from the Committee on Resolutions, was amended, and as 
adopted, is as follows : 

Resolved, That we, the delegated representatives of the Republican electors of the 
United States, in convention assembled, in discharge of the duty we owe to our con- 
stituents and our country, unite in the following declarations : 

1. That the history of the nation during the last four years, has fully established 
the propriety and necessity of the organization and perpetuation of the Republican 
party, and that the causes which called it iuto existence are permanent in their nature, 
and now, more than ever before, demand its peaceful and constitutional triumph. 

2. That the maintenance of the principles promulgated in the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence and the federal constitution, " That all men are created equal ; that they are 
endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among these, are life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ; that to secure these rights, governments are 
instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed," 
is essential to the preservation of our Republican institutions ; and that the federal 
constitution- the rights of the States, and the union of the States must and shall be 
preserved.- /" 

3. That to the union of the States this nation owes its unprecedented increase in 
population, its surprising development of material resources, its rapid augmentation 
of wealth, its happiness at home and its honor abroad ; and we hold in abhorrence all 
schemes for disunion, come from whatever source they may; and we congratulate the 
country that no Republican member of congress has uttered or countenanced the 
threats of disunion so often made by Democratic members without rebuke and with 
applause from their political associates ; and we denounce those threats of disunion, in 
case of a popular overthrow of their ascendancy as denying the vital principles of a 



17 

free government, and as an avowal of contemplated treason, which it is the impera- 
tive duty of an indignant people sternly to rebuke and forever silence. 

4. That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the 
rights of each State to order and control its own domestic institutions according to its 
own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the perfec- 
tion and endurance of our political fabric depends ; and we denounce the lawless in- 
vasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under what pre- 
text, as among the gravest of crimes. 

5. That the present Democratic administration has far exceeded our worst appre- 
hensions, in its measureless subserviency to the exactions of a sectional interest, as 
especially evinced in its desperate exertions to force the infamous Lecompton consti- 
tution upon the protesting people of Kansas ; in construing the personal relation be- 
tween master and servant to involve an unqualified property in persons ; in its 
attempted enforcement, everywhere, on land and sea, through the intervention of Con- 
gress and of the federal courts, of the extreme pretensions of a purely local interest ; 
and in its general and unvarying abuse of the power intrusted to it by a confiding 
people. 

6. That the people justly view with alarm the reckless extravagance which pervades 
every department of the federal Government ; that a return to rigid economy and 
accountability is indispensable to arrest the systematic plunder of the public treasury 
by favored partisans ; while the recent startling developments of frauds and corrup- 
tions at the federal metropolis, show that an entire change of administration is impera- 
tively demanded. 

7. That the new dogma that the Constitution, of its own force, carries slavery into 
any or all the Territories of the United States, is a dangerous political heresy, at vari- 
ance with the explicit provisions of that instrument itself, with contemporaneous ex- 
position, and with legislative and judicial precedent ; is revolutionary in its tendencies 
and subversive of the peace and harmony of the country. 

8. That the normal condition of all of the territory of the United States is that of 
freedom; that as our Eepublican fathers, when they abolished slavery in all our 
national territory, ordained that " no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or prop- 
erty without due process of Jaw," it becomes our duty, by legislation, whenever such 
legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all 
attempts to violate it ; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legisla- 
ture, or of any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the 
United States. 

9. That we brand the recent reopening of the African slave trade, under the cover 
of our national flag, aided by perversions of judicial power, as a crime against human- 
ity and a burning shame to our country and age ; and we call upon Congress to take 
prompt and efficient measures for the total and final suppression of that execrable 
traffic. 

10. That in the recent vetoes, by their federal governors, of the acts of the legisla- 
tures of Kansas and Nebraska, prohibiting slavery in those territories, we find a prac- 
tical illustration of the boasted Democratic principle of nonintervention and popular 
sovereignty embodied in the Kansas-Nebraska bill, and a demonstration of the decep- 
tion and fraud involved therein. 

11. That Kansas should of right, be immediately admitted as a State under the 
constitution recently formed and adopted by her people, and accepted by the House 
of Representatives. 

12. That, while providing revenue for the support of the general government by 
duties upon imports, sound policy requires such an adjustment of these imposts as to 
encourage the development of the industrial interests of the whole country ; and we 
commend that policy of national exchanges, which secures to the workingmen liberal 
wages, to agriculture renumerative prices, to mechanics and manufacturers an adequate 
reward for their skill, labor, and enterprise, and to the Nation commercial prosperity 
and independence. 

13. That we protest against any sale or alienation to others of the public lands held 
by actual settlers, and against any view of the free homestead policy which regards 
the settlers as paupers or suppliants for public bounty ; and we demand the passage 
by Congress of the complete and satisfactory homestead measure which has already 
passed the House. 

14. That the Republican party is opposed to any change in our naturalization laws, 
or any State legislation by which the rights of citizenship hitherto accorded to immi- 
grants from foreign lands shall be abridged or impaired ; and in favor of giving a full 
and efficient protection to the rights of all classes of citizens, whether native or 
naturalized, both at home and abroad. 

15. That appropriations by Congress for river and harbor improvements of a national 



18 

character, required for the accommodation and security of an existing commerce, are 
authorized by the constitution, and justified by the obligation of government to pro- 
tect the lives and property of its citizens. 

16. That a railroad to the Pacific Ocean is imperatively demanded by the interests 
of the whole country ; that the federal government ought to render immediate and 
efficient aid to its construction ; and that, as preliminary thereto, a daily overland 
mail should be promptly established. 

17. Finally, having thus set forth our distinctive principles and views, we invite the 
co-operation of all citizens, however differing on other questions, who substantially 
agree with us in their affirmance and support. 

The second resolution as reported from the committee did not 
contain the extract from the Declaration of Independence. It was 
moved as a separate resolution by Joshua K. Giddings of Ohio, 
" that we solemnly reassert the self-evident truth that all men, &'c," 
but was defeated in that form, and then, on motion of George 
William Curtis of New York, was inserted in its present place. 

It will be observed that this platform has a wider scope than that 
adopted at Philadelphia. At that convention the slavery question 
was uppermost in the minds of delegates and but three other sub- 
jects were embraced in the platform, viz : The acquisition of Cuba, 
a Pacific railroad, and river and harbor improvements. The elections 
in 1859 had made the Kepublican party National. All the free states 
were represented in the convention together with six slave states 
and the territories of Kansas, Nebraska and the District of Colum- 
bia. A spirited and stubborn contest arose in the Committee on 
Resolutions which threatened serious consequences. Horace Gree- 
ley was a member — representing Oregon — and he made a deter- 
mined stand in favor of a strong protection plank and one equally 
strong against the further extension of slavery into the territories. 
In view of the fact that that platform may be said to have inaugu- 
rated the Republican party as a great national party, and laid down 
the lines which have since been followed very closely, and of the 
further fact that none of the histories or compilations of, or speeches 
or letters about the Chicago convention of 1860, furnish much in- 
formation as to the contest over the platform adopted, the compiler 
has taken special pains to obtain as full data as possible of that 
memorable contest. 

Hon. John A. Kasson of Iowa was the member from that state of 
the Committee on Resolutions, and is the sole surviving member of 
the sub-committee which prepared it. Learning from others the 
fact that the platform of 1860 was largely the work of Mr. Kasson, 
he was asked by the compiler to prepare a statement of the struggle 
over that platform, which he kindly consented to do and the same is 
herewith given, viz : 

You are quite right in saying that the real foundation of the Kepublican party of the 
United States was laid in the National Convention of 1860, which nominated Abraham 



19 

Xiincoln. The call for the Convention of 1856, at Philadelphia, w&s addressed to the 
" people of the United States," without assuming any party name.7 Its object was to 
bring together for united action all who were opposed to the pro-slavery policy of the 
Buchanan administration. Thus, that convention assembled, so to speak, anony- 
mously. The committee calling the convention did not style themselves "Republi- 
can," but simply " National Committee." Individuals offering resolutions in that con- 
vention used the name ''Republican," but the platform itself adopted no party 
name. «^ 

In 1860 the official call was for " A National Republican Convention."/ The plat- 
form of 1860 further recognized the name by declaring the convention' to be repre- 
sentative of the " Republican Electors of the United States," and demanding the per- 
petuation of the " Republican Party." 

In that convention the General Committee on Resolutions consisted of twenty- seven 
members. At their first meeting a flood of resolutions was poured in upon them upon 
every possible topic of political agitation. There was material in them for several 
days of debate, ending in utter confusion. It was evident that an indefinite time 
would be consumed in their discussion if action was to be taken upon them by the 
full committee. After considerable discussion I moved that all of them be referred to 
a sub-committee of five members, who should report a platform for the consideration 
of the General Committee at 9 o'clock the next morning, which motion was adopted. 

Mr. William Jessup of Pennsylvania, Austin Blair of Michigan (subsequently its 
*' War Governor "), Mr. F. P. Tracey of California, Horace Greeley representing Ore- 
gon, with myself from Iowa, constituted this sub-committee. 

There existed in the country at that time four party elements of formidable strength, 
some of them differing in principle, all differing in policy on certain subjects vital to 
them. All of these were more or less represented in this convention, and in the Gen- 
eral Committee on Platform. There was — 

1. A party for a high protective tariff; and a party for a mere revenue tariff. 

2. A party in favor of confining the disposition of public land to actual settlers for 
homesteads ; and another for their unlimited sale to all applicants, for the benefit of 
the Treasury. 

3. A party in favor of restricting our naturalization laws, and diminishing the equal 
standing of naturalized and native citizens. 

4. A party of extreme anti-slavery men, holding extreme theories for the abolition 
of slavery everywhere ; and a more conservative anti-slavery party for limiting national 
agitation to the exclusion of slavery from all the territories, and recognizing the right 
of each State to regulate its own domestic institutions. 

The members of the Republican Convention were united on the question of the non- 
extension of slavery ; but on all other of these questions had brought into the party with 
them their own prior convictions and prejudices from, the old Democratic, Whig, Na- 
tive American, and Abolition parties. This made the work of nationalizing the new 
party on all the great principles of public policy extremely difficult. It was appa- 
rently to attempt the impossible. 

Upon the first point of dissension — the Tariff — I personally undertook to educe 
from the various contradictory propositions a conciliatory resolution, and succeeded 
in winning approval in the manner shown in Article XII of the platform as adopted. 

Upon the second point I also took a special interest as a western man, and obtained 
the assent of the committee to a resolution in favor of actual settlers, as shown in 
Article XIII of the platform. 

Upon the third point, that of the rights and privileges of naturalized citizens, it 
was necessary to stand up in a square fight with the native American element, and 
the sub-committee reported on that subject the resolution shown in Article XIV of 
the platform. 

Upon the fourth point, that of the expression of our anti-slavery position, Mr. 
Greeley and myself were in opposition. The sub-committee finally accepted my 
views as necessary to the nationalization of the Republican party. These views were 
expressed in Articles II and IV of the platform as adopted, with a single exception. 
In the convention, the Abolitionists obtained the insertion in the second resolution of 
the extract from the Declaration of Independence, which is there inserted in quotation 
marks. To this there was no reasonable objection, as it expressed only what was 
already implied in the original draft. No other amendment was made to the platform 
in the convention. 

Our sub-committee were out all night. Most of the essential points were settled by 
us by one or two o'clock in the morning. One after another the members withdrew 
for rest, until at daylight Mr. Greeley and myself alone remained. It was under- 
stood that I should put the platform into orderly arrangement as a whole. About 
sunrise Mr. Greeley left for the telegraph office, to send the often quoted despatch which 
appeared in the following issue of the Teibune on the subject of the platform. Not 



20 

long after, having finished my work of revision, I went to my own room to put my weary 
head in cold water and to prepare for breakfast and the meeting of the General Com- 
mittee. The Committee assembled at nine o'clock. There was careful reading and 
re-reading of the resolutions we had adopted, especially those involving the four 
points above mentioned, and some discussion. But, so far as I can recall the facts, 
not a single essential amendment was adopted, in the General Committee, to the plat- 
form as reported by the committee of five. There was general gratification expressed 
at the successful accomplishment of the very difficult work which had been taken 
from the shoulders of the General Committee. Enough was said, however, to indi- 
cate that there might be some contest still over some of the points when it should be 
reported to the convention. 

The report was made in the afternnon, and the expected dissent on two or three of 
the points was developed, as shown by the published record. The convention, how- 
ever, stood by the committee, as I have stated, with the exception of the single point 
introducing in the second resolution an extract from the Declaration of Independence. 

On the third and last day of the convention the names of candi- 
dates were presented without nominating speeches, as follows : 

William H. Seward of New York, by William M. Evarts of New 
York. 

Abraham Lincoln of Illinois, by Norman B. Judd of Illinois. 

Simon Cameron of Pennsylvania, by Andrew H. Eeeder of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Salmon P. Chase of Ohio, by David K. Cartter of Ohio. 

Edward Bates of Missouri, by Erancis P. Blair of Missouri. 

William L. Dayton of New Jersey, by Thomas H. Dudley of New 
Jersey. 

John McLean of Ohio, by Thomas Corwin of Ohio. 

The nominations of Lincoln and Seward were seconded by other 
states and the ballot then taken resulted as follows : 



21 



States. 


Seward. 


Lincoln 


Cameron. 


Chase. 


Bates. 


McLean. 




8 












Connecticut 


2 




7 
8 


2 
















22 

26 
2 
6 
6 




















Iowa 


2 

5 
10 

3 
21 
12 

8 


1 


1 


1 
8 


1 




1 










Maryland 




8 








4 


















Minnesota 


















18 






New Hampshire 


1 


7 




1 














70 




















34, 


4 


Oregon 






5 






n 


4 


47£ 




1 


Rhode Island 


1 

2 


1 


5 




4 








Vermont 












8 
10 

6 

2 
2 


14 


1 








Wisconsin 








Kansas 














1 


1 




2 




District of Columbia 


















Total 


1731 


102 


50^ 


50 


49 


12 



Scattering votes were cast as follows : 

William L. Dayton of New Jersey, 14 (from that state) ; Jacob Col- 
lamer of Vermont, 10 (from that state) ; Benjamin L. Wade of Ohio, 
3 (1 from Connecticut and 2 from Kentucky) ; John M. Reed of 
Pennsylvania, 1 (from Rhode Island) ; Charles Sumner of Massachu- 
setts, 1 (from Kentucky) ; and John C. Fremont 1 (from New Hamp- 
shire). 

When the state of Maryland was called, the chairman of that dele- 
gation stated that the Republican state convention of Maryland had 
requested the delegation to vote as a unit, and in accordance with 
the wishes of a majority of that delegation he announced its eleven 
votes for Edward Bates of Missouri. Mr. Wm. E. Coale and Mr. 
Charles L. Armour, delegates from Maryland, objected to that record, 
and stated that a resolution instructing the delegation to vote for 
Mr. Bates was presented and voted down. A motion was then 
adopted "recommending" that the delegation vote for Mr. Bates, 
which they did not consider binding or conclusive on them. They 
claimed the right to vote for the candidate of their choice. The 
chair ruled that under rule 2 the vote announced by the chairman 



22 

of a state delegation must be accepted unless the convention other- 
wise directed. Being unwilling to take the responsibility of deciding 
so important a matter, the chair submitted the question whether 
the vote as announced by the chairman should be received and re- 
corded as the vote of Maryland, and the convention decided in the 
negative. Three votes were then announced for Mr. Seward and 
eight for Mr. Bates. 

The result of this ballot caused general surprise. So universal was 
the opinion that Mr. Seward would be nominated on the first ballot,, 
that Mr. Greeley telegraphed the Tribune, about midnight on 
June 17, that "the opposition to Mr. Seward cannot concen- 
trate on any candidate and he will be nominated." Mr. Gree- 
ley had made a thorough canvass and stubborn contest against 
Mr. Seward, and used, with great effect, the argument of the 
Native American leaders, — or those sympathizing with that 
organization, — that Governor Seward's recommendation for an 
equitable division of* the school fund between Protestant and 
Catholic schools, would make New York, Connecticut, and Rhode 
Island doubtful if he were nominated, and that several of the eastern 
states were either opposed, or indifferent to him on that ground. 

The result of the first ballot, though not confirming Mr. Greeley's 
prediction in regard to that vote, showed that the New England 
and Middle states were far from being solid for Mr. Seward. He 
did not receive a vote from either Connecticut or Rhode Island, 
while Maine gave him 10 of her 16 votes and New Hampshire but 1 of 
her 10 votes. Vermont gave a complimentary vote to Senator Col- 
lamer (10), and Massachusetts gave Mr. Lincoln 4 votes. Virginia, 
which had been counted as solid for Mr. Seward, gave Mr. Lincoln 
14 votes on the first ballot. 

A second ballot was then taken, resulting as follows : Mr. Seward 
1841, Mr. Lincoln 181, Mr. Chase 421, Mr. Bates 35J, Mr. Dayton 
10, Mr. McLean 8, Mr. Cameron 2, and Mr. Cassius M. Clay of Ken- 
tucky 2. On this ballot Mr» Seward gained 11 votes, viz : 1 vote 
from Massachusetts, 4 from New Jersey, 1 from Pennsylvania, 2 
from Kentucky, 2 from Texas, and 1 from Nebraska. Mr. Lincoln 
gained 79 votes, viz : 2 from Connecticut, 6 from Delaware, 3 from 
Iowa, 3 from Kentucky, 2 from New Hampshire, 44 from Penn- 
sylvania, 6 from Ohio, 3 from Rhode Island, 10 from Vermont. 

A third ballot was then taken, resulting as follows : Mr. Lincoln 
2311, Mr. Seward 180, Mr. Chase 241, Mr. Bates 22, Mr. McLean 5, 
and Messrs. Clay and Dayton 1 each. On this ballot Mr. Seward 
lost 4 votes from Massachusetts, 2^ from Pennsylvania, 1 from Mary- 






23 

land, and 1 from Kentucky, and gained 1 from Rhode Island, 1 from 
Connecticut, and 1 from New Jersey. Mr. Lincoln gained 4 from 
Massachusetts, 2 from Rhode Island, 8 from New Jersey, 4 from 
Pennsylvania, 9 from Maryland, 4 from Kentucky, 15 from Ohio, £ 
from Iowa, 4 from Oregon, and 1 from Nebraska, or 51^ in all. 

At the completion of the roll-call Mr. Lincoln was within 2£ votes 
of a nomination. 

Four votes were transferred to him from the Ohio delegation 
by David K. Cartter, after which several delegations changed in 
his favor, until he had 352J votes, the remaining votes being cast 
as follows : For Mr. Seward — Massachusetts, 8 ; New York, 70 ; 
New Jersey, 5 ; Pennsylvania, -J- ; Maryland, 2 ; Michigan, 12 ; 
Wisconsin, 10 ; California, 3 — total, 110J-. For Mr. Dayton 1 vote 
(New Jersey) and 1 vote for Mr. McLean. The convention then 
took a recess, and two ballots were had for a candidate for "Vice- 
President, with the following result : 

First. Second. 

Hannibal Hamlin of Maine 194 367 

Cassius M. Clay of Kentucky 101£ 86 

John Hickman of Pennsylvania 58 13 

Andrew H. Reeder of Pennsylvania 51 

Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts 38|- .... 

Scattering 15 

The nomination of Mr. Hamlin having been made unanimous, Mr. 
Joshua E. Giddings of Ohio submitted the following resolution, 
which was adopted : 

Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with those men who have been driven, some 
from their native States and others from the States of their adoption, and one now 
exiled from his home on account of their opinions ; and we hold the Democratic party 
responsible for the gross violation of that clause of the Constitution which declares 
that citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of the 
citizens of the several States. 

Edwin D. Morgan of New York was again elected chairman of 
the Executive Committee, and Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania 
was chosen secretary. 

The Democratic National Convention met at Charleston, S. C, on 
April 23d, 1860. A bitter contest arose in respect to credentials, 
platform, &c, and the Committee on Resolutions were unable to re- 
port for five days, there being two minority reports. On the 30th 
a vote was reached. The convention was disrupted, one faction 
nominating Stephen A. Douglass of Illinois for President, and Ben- 
jamin Fitzpatrick of Alabama for Vice-President. Mr. Fitzpatrick 
declined and the national committee substituted the name of Her- 
schel Y. Johnson of Georgia. The other (seceding) faction nomi- 
inated John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky for President, and Joseph 
Lane of Oregon f or Yice-President. The Constitutional Union party 
the ghost of the Whig party) met at Baltimore on May 9, and nom- 
inated John Bell of Tennessee for President, and Edward Everett 



24 



of Massachusetts for Vice-President. The canvass which followed was 
earnest and exciting, amounting in many states to fierceness. The 
nomination of Mr. Lincoln appealed strongly to the " rural element," 
especially to the young men, and throughout the Northern states, 
during September and October, mass-meetings, processions, torch- 
light parades and " rail-splitting bees " were to be seen everywhere 
and contributed largely to the triumph in November. 

The general confidence of the Republicans that they were to be 
victorious was not misplaced. The early elections in Maine, Indi- 
ana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, foreshadowed Mr. Lincoln's election, 
and every Northern state save New Jersey was carried by them. 

Thirty-three states participated in this election — Minnesota hav- 
ing been admitted May 11, 1858, and Oregon, February 12, 1859. 

The popular and electoral votes were as follows : 

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES OF 1860. 





Popular. 


Electoral. 


States. 


Lincoln, 
Republican. 


Douglas, 
Northern 
Democrat. 


Breckin- j 

ridge, > B .. 
Southern ; ±se11 - 
Democrat. ! 


Lin- 
coln. 


Doug- 
las. 


Breck- 
in- 
ridge. 


Bell. 






13, 651 

5,227 


48, 831 27. 875 






9 
4 








28, 732 
34, 334 


20, 094 
6 817 




6 








39, 173 


38 51 fi 




Connecticut 


43,692 15,522 
3,815 1.023 


14,641 i 3,291 
7,347 i 3,864 
8, 543 5. 437 












i" ::: 


Florida 




367 

11,590 

160 255 






3 




Georgia 





51, 889 

2,404 

12 295 


42, 886 

3,913 

n, 306 

1,763 

66,058 

20 204 






10 






172, 161 


12 

13 

4 








139,033 ; 115 509 










70,409 55,111 ; 1,048 
1,364 25. 651 53 143 








Kentucky 






12 






5,625 22,681 






6 




Maine 


62,811 


26. 693 ! 6. 368 1 2. 046 1 


8 






Maryland 

Massachusetts . . . 


2,294 5,966 42,482 41,760 

106,533 ; 34,372 1 5,939 1 22,331 

88,480 j 65,057 ! 805 405 

22,069 11.920 748 1 62 




8 




13 

6 
4 






Michigan 








Minnesota 








Mississippi 




3,293 40,797 25,040 
58 801 31 317 i 58 372 





7 






17, 028 




9 




New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 


37,519 25,881 2 112 i 441 


5 

4 

35 






58,324 1 62,801 
362,646 312.510 




3 














2,701 


48 339 ! 44 090 




10 




Ohio 


231,610 

5,270 

268, 030 

12, 244 


187,232 11,405 12 194 


23 

3 

27 
4 








3,951 3,006 
16,765 1178 871 


183 
12, 776 








Pennsylvania.... 
Rhode Island.... 








7,707 


















8 




Tennessee 




11,350 64 709 


69, 274 
15,438 

218 

74, 681 

161 






12 


Texas. . 






! 47,548 
1.967 






4 




Vermont 


33, 808 

1,929 

86,110 


6,849 


5 








16,290 1 74,323 
65,021 888 






15 


Wisconsin 


5 




♦ 












Total 


1,866,351 


1,375,157 847,514 


587, 830 


180 


12 


72 


39 



'By Legislature. 



THIRD NATIONAL CONVENTION, 

Baltimore, Maryland, June 7 and 8, 1864. 

LINCOLN and JOHNSON. 



The election of 1864 took place during the throes of the great 
civil war. It had long been manifest that the (Kepublican) conven- 
tion called to meet in Baltimore on June 7 would renominate Mr. 
Lincoln. A small but active — if not bitter — minority of the Re- 
publican party complained of his conservatism and unwillingness to 
adopt certain radical or extreme measures which they deemed essen- 
tial to success, and an attempt was made to forestall the action of 
the Baltimore convention by calling a convention in Cleveland, which 
met on May 31. It contained about three hundred and fifty persons, 
including Wendell Phillips, B. Gratz Brown of Missouri, Rev. Dr. 
Cheever of New York, and other " extremists." General John Coch- 
rane of New York was made chairman. General John C. Fremont 
was nominated for President by acclamation, and General Cochrane 
for Yice-President. September 2 1st, following, both were compelled, 
by an overwhelming sentiment in the North, developed by the ex- 
treme and impracticable platform adopted by the convention, to 
withdraw their acceptance of the nominations. That platform de- 
manded the suppression of the rebellion without compromise ; 
the confiscation of all property of the rebels, and its distribution 
among soldiers and actual settlers. 

The call issued by the Executive Committee created by the pre- 
ceding (Chicago) convention did not use the word " Republican," 
but called upon " all qualified voters who desire the unconditional 
maintenance of the Union, the supremacy of the Constitution, and 
the complete suppression of the existing rebellion, with the cause 
thereof, by a vigorous war, and all apt and efficient means," &c. 

The Rev. Dr. Robert J. Breckinridge of Kentucky was named by 
the Executive Committee as temporary chairman, and George A. 



26 

Shaw of Massachusetts, secretary. The roll of states was called, 
and lists of delegates handed in — including contestants — after which 
the motion of Thaddeus Stevens that all contested cases be laid over 
was agreed to. A contest arose as to representation from states then 
in rebellion, ending in the reference of all credentials from such 
states to the Committee on Credentials. The rules of the House of 
Representatives were then adopted for the government of the con- 
vention so far as applicable. 

The roll of states was then called, and committees on Credentials, 
Organization, Resolutions, and Order of Busines formed, after which 
the convention adjourned. 

Second Day, June 8, 1864, 10 A. M. 

The Committee on Order of Business then submitted the follow- 
ing report, which was adopted without debate or division : 

Rule 1. Upon all subjects before the convention, the states shall be called in the 
following order : Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, 
Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, California, 
Oregon, West Virginia, Kansas, and other states and territories declared by the 
convention entitled to representation in the same shall be called in the order in 
which they are added by the convention. 

Rule 2. Four votes shall be cast by the delegates at large of each state, and each 
congressional district shall be entitled to two votes. The votes of each delegation 
shall be reported by its chairman. 

Rule 3. The report of the Committee on Credentials shall be disposed of before the 
report of the Committee on Platform and Resolutions is acted upon, and the report 
of the Committee on Platform and Resolutions shall be disposed of before the con- 
vention proceeds to ballot for candidates for President and Vice-President. 

Rule 4. That when it shall be determined by this convention what states and 
territories are entitled to representation in this convention, together with the 
number of votes to which they may be entitled, a majority of all the votes so deter- 
mined shall be requisite to nominate candidates for President and Vice-President. 

Rule 5. When a majority of the delegations from any two states shall demand that 
a vote be recorded, the same shall be taken by states, the secretary calling the roll of 
states in the order heretofore stated. 

Rule 6. In a recorded vote by states, the vote of each state shall be announced by 
the chairman of the respective delegations, and in case the vote of any state shall be 
divided, the chairman shall announce the number of votes cast for any candidate, or 
for or against any proposition. 

Rule 7. That when the previous question shall be demanded by a majority of the 
delegation from any state, and the demand seconded by two or more states, and then 
sustained by a majority of the convention, the question shall then be proceeded with 
and disposed of according to the rules of the House of Representatives in similar 
cases. 

Rule 8. No member shall speak more than once to the same question, nor longer 
than five minutes, without the unanimous consent of the convention. 

Rule 9. The rules of the House of Representatives shall continue to be the rules of 
this convention, so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with the foregoing 
rules. 

The Committee on Credentials, through Preston King of New 
York, then reported that the credentials presented were correct and 
sufficient, except as hereafter stated. 

From the first district of Pennsylvania four delegates were elected 
when the district was entitled to but two. The committee recom- 



27 

mended that the two having the highest number of votes be ad- 
mitted as delegates and the other two as alternates. 

In the case of Missouri the committee reported in favor of the 
" Kadical Union delegation." 

The committee recommended that the delegations from Arkansas, 
Florida, Louisiana, Tennessee and Virginia be admitted without the 
right to vote, and that the delegation from South Carolina be not 
admitted. The committee recommended that the delegations from the 
organized territories and the District of Columbia be admitted but 
not allowed to vote. 

W. E. Stevenson of "West Virginia submitted a minority report, 
signed by himself and Hiram Smith of Oregon, recommending that 
the delegations from the Southern states named, and the territories, 
be admitted with the right to vote. 

An additional minority report was submitted by Mr. A. H. Ims- 
ley of Kansas in respect to the delegations from Colorado, Nebraska 
and Nevada. A sharp contest followed and ex-Speaker Galusha A. 
Grow of Pennsylvania (present as a spectator) was called upon to 
solve a parliamentary question as to certain practice under the rules 
of the House of Representatives. 

An amendment was adopted giving each of the delegates from the 
Southern states and the territories above named the right to vote. 

The following report made by Henry J. Raymond of New York 
from the Committee on Resolutions was then adopted : 

Resolved, That it is the highest duty of every American citizen to maintain against 
all their enemies the integrity of the Union and the paramount authority of the consti- 
tution and laws of the United States; and that, laying aside all differences of political 
opinion, we pledge ourselves, as Union men, animated by a common sentiment, and 
aiming at a common object, to do everything in our power to aid the government in 
quelling, by force of arms the rebellion now waging against its authority, and in bring- 
ing to the punishment due to their crimes the rebels and traitors arrayed against it. 

Resolved, That we approve the determination of the government of the United 
States not to compromise with rebels, nor to offer them any terms of peace, except 
such as may be based upon an "unconditional" surrender of their hostility and a 
return to their just allegiance to the constitution and laws of the United States, and 
that we call upon the government to maintain this position, and to prosecute the war 
with the utmost possible vigor to the complete suppression of the rebellion in full reliance 
upon the self-sacrificing patriotism, the heroic valor, and the undying devotion of the 
American people to their country and its free institutions. 

Resolved, That as slavery was the cause and now constitutes the strength of this 
rebellion, and as it must be always and everywhere hostile to the principles of re- 
publican government, justice and the national safety demand its utter and complete 
extirpation from the soil of the republic ; and that while we uphold and maintain the 
acts and proclamations by which the government, in its own defense, has aimed a 
death blow at this gigantic evil, we are in favor, furthermore, of such an amendment 
to the constitution, to be made by the people in conformity with its provisions, as 
shall terminate and forever prohibit the existence of slavery within the limits of the 
jurisdiction of the United States. 

Resolved, That the thanks of the American people are due to the soldiers and sailors 
of the army and navy, who have periled their lives in defense of their country, and in 
vindication of the honor of the flag ; that the nation owes to them some permanent 
recognition of their patriotism and valor, and ample and permanent provision for 



i 



28 

those of their survivors who have received disabling and honorable wounds in the ser- 
vice of the country ; and that the memories of those who have fallen in its defense 
shall be held in grateful and everlasting remembrance. 

.Resolved, That we approve and applaud the practical wisdom, the unselfish patriotism 
and unswerving fidelity to the constitution and principles of American liberty with 
which Abraham Lincoln has discharged, under circumstances of unparalleled difficulty, 
the great duties and responsibilities of the presidential office ; that we approve and 
indorse, as demanded by the emergency and essential to the preservation of the na- 
tion, and as within provisions of the constititution, the measures and acts which he 
has adopted to defend the nation against its open and secret foes ; that we approve, 
especially, the proclamation of emancipation, and the employment as Union soldiers 
of men heretofore held in slavery ; and that we have full confidence in his determina- 
tion to carry these and all other constitutional measures essential to the salvation of 
the country into full and complete effect. 

Resolved, That we deem it essential to the general welfare that harmony should pre- 
vail in the national councils, and we regard as worthy of public confidence and official 
trust those only who cordially indorse the principles proclaimed in these resolutions, 
and which should characterize the administration of the government. 

Resolved, That the government owes to all men employed in its armies, without re- 
gard to distinction or color, the full protection of the laws of war ; and that any viola- 
tion of these laws or of the usages of civilized nations in time of war, by the rebels 
now in arms, should be made the subject of prompt and full redress. 

Resolved, That the foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to 
the wealth, development of resources and increase of power to this nation — the asylum 
of the oppressed of all nations — should be fostered and encouraged by liberal and just 
policy. 

Resolved, That we are in favor of the speedy construction of a railroad to the Pacific 
coast. 

Resolved, That the national faith, pledged for the redemption of the public debt, 
must be kept inviolate, and that for this purpose we recommend economy and rigid 
responsibility in the public expenditures, and a vigorous and just system of taxation ; 
and it is the duty of every loyal state to sustain the credit and promote the use of 
the national currency. 

Resolved, That we approve the position taken by the government that the people of 
the United States can never regard with indifference the attempt of any European 
power to overthrow by force, or to supplant by fraud, the institutions of any repub- 
lican government on the western continent, and that they view with extreme jealousy, 
as menacing to the peace and independence of their own country, the efforts of any 
such power to obtain new footholds for monarchial governments, sustained by foreign 
military force, in near proximity to the United States. 

The convention then proceeded to a formal vote for a candidate 
for President, upon which President Lincoln received the vote of 
every state except that of Missouri, the delegates from which, under 
instructions from their convention, voted for Gen. Grant. 

The convention then balloted for a candidate for Vice-President, 
with the following result : 

Andrew Johnson of Tennessee 200 /, 

Hannibal Hamlin of Maine M§. j CO 

DanielS. Dickinson of New York 113 

Benjamin F. Butler of Massachusetts 28 • / 

Dovell H. Bosseau of Kentucky 21 

Scattering 13 

Before the result was declared, changes took place, the final result 
being that Mr. Johnson received 494 votes, Dickinson 17, and Ham- 
lin #. 

The Democratic National Convention met at Chicago on August 
29, and after adopting a platform, in which the war was declared a 
failure, nominated for President General George B. McClellan, 



J 



29 



" whose half-hearted, dilatory course while in command of the Army 
of the Potomac," says Mr. Smalley, " was largely responsible for 
whatever failure had characterized the war up to that time," and 
George H. Pendleton of Ohio for Vice-President. This absurd — if 
not disloyal — declaration, was speedily answered by the news of 
General Sherman's capture of Atlanta, and that Farragut had car- 
ried the defences of Mobile. The Republican argument was simply 
that it was the duty of every loyal man to sustain the government 
in its efforts to crush the rebellion and save the Union, and General 
McClellan's repudiation of that plank in the Democratic platform 
saved him the electoral votes of two of the three states which were 
carried by the Democrats, viz : Delaware and New Jersey. 
The popular vote was as follows : 

States. Lincoln. McClellan. 

California 62,134 43,841 

Connecticut 44,693 42,288 

Delaware 8,155 8,767 

Illinois 189,487 158,349 

Indiana 150,422 130,233 

Iowa 87,331 49,260 

Kansas 14,228 3,871 

Kentucky 27,786 64,301 

Maine 72.278 47,736 

Maryland 40,153 32,739 

Massachusetts 126,742 48,745 

Michigan 85,352 67,370 

Minnesota 25,060 17,375 

Missouri 72,991 31,026 

Nevada 9,826 6,594 

New Hampshire 36,595 33,034 

New Jersey 60,723 68,014 

New York 368,726 361,986 

Ohio , 265,154 205,568 

Oregon 9,888 8.457 

Pennsylvania 296,389 276^308 

Rhode Island 14,343 8,718 

Vermont 42,422 13,325 

West Virginia 23,223 10,457 

Wisconsin 79,564 63,875 

Totals 2,213,665 1,802,237 

Mr. Lincoln received 212 electoral votes and General McClellan 
21, viz : New Jersey 7, Delaware 3, and Kentucky 11. Nevada 
chose three electors, one of whom did not appear when the vote 
was taken. 

Henry J. Eaymond of New York was elected chairman, and 
Edward McPherson secretary of the Kepublican national com- 
mittee for the ensuing campaign. 



FOURTH NATIONAL CONVENTION 

Chicago, Illinois, May 20, 21, 1868. 



GRANT and COLFAX. 



By the assassination of President Lincoln on April 14, 1865, 
Andrew Johnson, the Vice-President, became President. Mr. John- 
son had been nominated with the view of recognizing the war Demo- 
crats and the " sturdy Unionists of the South." From a position of 
almost violent hatred of the people of the rebellious states, — or at 
least the leaders in the late rebellion, — he changed his attitude so 
radically in a few months, that he was in direct antagonism with the 
party which elected him in respect to its policy for the reconstruc- 
tion or reorganization of the seceding states. It is no part of the 
purpose of the writer to narrate details of the long and bitter contest — 
during which he escaped impeachment by one vote — which only 
ended on his retirement from office on March 4, 1869. Suffice it to 
say that the campaign of 1868 was fought upon the issues growing 
out of the reconstruction acts of Congress, the amendments to the 
Constitution, and the suffrage and citizenship they conferred upon 
the colored race. 

The Republican National Convention convened in Chicago on May 
20, 1868. There was practically no contest for the nomination for 
President, it being almost universally conceded that Gen. Ulysses 
S. Grant was the natural and inevitable choice of the Republicans 
for that office. The controlling reasons for this were his great 
military achievements, the part he took in the controversy with 
President Johnson, and the fact that he was known to be in sympathy 
with the Republican party in respect to the questions growing out 
of the war, although he had never voted the Republican ticket. This 
feeling was demonstrated to the full satisfaction of the convention of 
soldiers and sailors — presided over by Gen. John A. Logan- — which 
met in Chicago previous to the meeting of the convention and 
passed resolutions earnestly demanding his nomination. 

The convention was called to order by Gov. Marcus L. Ward of 
New Jersey, chairman of the Republican national committee, who 



31 

presented the name of Carl Schurz of Missouri for temporary chair- 
man. An organization was then perfected, Gen. Joseph R. Hawley 
of Connecticut being made president. There were no contests, the 
Committee on Credentials having practically nothing to do but con- 
firm the work of the national committee as to the roll. Mr. R. W. 
Barker of New York, from the Committee on Rules and Order of 
Business, made a report, which was adopted with slight amendment. 
Richard W. Thompson of Indiana, from the Committee on Reso- 
lutions, then reported the following platform : 

The national Eepublican party of the United States, assembled in National Conven- 
tion in the city of Chicago on the 21st day of May, 1868, make the following declara- 
tion of principles : 

1. We congratulate the country on the assured success of the reconstruction policy 
of congress, as evinced by the adoption, in a majority of the states lately in rebel- 
lion, of constitutions securing equal, civil, and political rights to all ; and it is the 
duty of the government to sustain those constitutions, and to prevent the people of 
such states from being remitted to a state of anarchy or military rule. 

2. The guarantee by congress of equal suffrage to all loyal men at the South was 
demanded by every consideration of public safety, of gratitude, and of justice, and 
must be maintained ; while the question of suffrage in all the loyal states properly 
belongs to the people of those states. 

3. We denounce all forms of repudiation as a national crime, and national honor re- 
quires the payment of the public indebtedness in the utmost good faith to all credit- 
ors at home and abroad, not only according to the letter but the spirit of the laws 
under which it was contracted. 

4. It is due to the labor of the nation that taxation should be equalized, and reduced 
as rapidly as national faith will permit. 

5. The national debt, contracted as it has been for the preservation of the Union for 
all time to come, should be extended over a fair period of redemption ; and it is the 
duty of congress to reduce the rate of interest thereon whenever it can honestly be 
done. 

6. That the best policy to diminish our burden of debt is to so improve our credit 
that capitalists will seek to loan us money at lower rates of interest than we now pay, 
and must continue to pay so long as repudiation, partial or total, open or covert, is 
threatened or suspected. 

7. The government of the United States should be administered with the strictest 
economy ; and the corruptions which have been so shamefully nursed and fostered by 
Andrew Johnson call loudly for radical reform. 

8. We profoundly deplore the untimely and tragic death of Abraham Lincoln, and 
regret the accession of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency, who has acted treacherously 
to the people who elected him and the cause he was pledged to support ; who has 
usurped high legislative and judicial functions ; who has refused to execute the 
laws ; who has used his high office to induce others to ignore and violate the laws ; 
who has employed his executive powers to render insecure the property, the peace, 
liberty, and life of the citizen ; who has abused the pardoning power ; who has de- 
nounced the national legislature as unconstitutional ; who has persistently and cor- 
ruptly resisted, by every means in his power, every proper attempt at the reconstruc- 
tion of the states lately in rebellion ; who has perverted the public patronage into an 
engine of wholesale corruption, and who has been justly impeached for high crimes 
and misdemeanors, and properly pronounced guilty thereof by the vote of thirty-five 
senators. 

9. The doctrine by Great Britain and other European powers, that because a man 
is once a subject he is always so, must be resisted at every hazard by the United States 
as a relic of feudal times not authorized by the laws of nations and at war with our 
national honor and independence. Naturalized citizens are entitled to protection in 
all their rights of citizenship as though they were native born, and no citizen of the 
United States, native or naturalized, must be liable to arrest and imprisonment by 
any foreign power for acts done or words spoken in this country ; and if so arrested 
and imprisoned it is the duty of the government to interfere in his behalf. 

10. Of all who were faithful in the trials of the late war, there were none entitled 
to more especial honor than the brave soldiers and seamen who endured the hardships 
of campaign and cruise and imperiled their lives in the service of the country. The 



32 



bounties and pensions provided by the laws for these brave defenders of the nation 
are obligations never to be forgotten. The widows and orphans of the gallant dead 
are the wards of the people — a sacred legacy bequeathed to the nation's protecting 
care. 

11. Foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to the wealth, devel- 
opment and resources, and increase of power to this nation — the asylum of the 
oppressed of all nations — should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just 
policy. 

12. This convention declares itself in sympathy with all oppressed people struggling 
for their rights. 

13. That we highly commend the spirit of magnanimity and forbearance with which 
men who have served in the rebellion, but who now frankly and honestly co-operate 
with us in restoring the peace of the county and reconstructing the Southern state 
governments upon the basis of impartial justice and equal rights, are received back 
into the communion of loyal people ; and we favor the removal of the disqualifications 
and restrictions imposed upon the late rebels in the same measure as the spirit of dis- 
loyalty will die out, and as may be consistent with the safety of the loyal people. 

14. That we recognize the great principles laid down in the immortal Declaration of 
Independence as the true foundation of democratic government, and we hail with 
gladness every effort toward making these principles a living reality on every inch of 
American soil. 

The above includes two resolutions — numbers 11 and 12 — sub- 
mitted by Carl Schurz and accepted by the committee and conven- 
tion. 

Nominations for a candidate for President being then in order, 
Gen. John A. Logan presented the name of Ulysses S. Grant, and 
no other name being presented the roll of states was then called 
and every vote — 650 in all — was cast for him. The convention then 
proceeded to ballot for a candidate for Vice-President, five ballots 
being necessary to effect a nomination. The several ballots resulted 
as follows : 





First. 


Second. 


Third. 


Fourth. 


Fifth. 


Benjamin^ Wade, Ohio 


147 

126 

119 

115 

51 

28 

22 

16 

14 

6 

4 


170 
144 
114 
145 
45 
30 


178 
139 
101 
165 
40 
25 


206 
144 

87 
186 


38 


Reuben E. Fenton, NeW York 


69 






Schuyler Colfax, Indiana 


54 L 








25 




























Samuel C. Pomeroy, Kansas 

William D. Kelley, Pennsylvania 



























William Claflin of Massachusetts was made chairman and John 
D. Defrees of Indiana secretary of the national c ommittee. 

The following resolution, introduced by Kichard W. Thompson of 
Indiana, was adopted : 

Mesolved, That the adjournment of this convention shall not work a dissolution of 
the same, but it shall remain as organized, subject to be called together at any time 
and place that the National Republican Executive Committee shall designate. 



33 

The Democratic national convention was held in New York, 
July 4-11 and, after a week's session, and in spite of his vehement 
objection and protest, nominated Horatio Seymour of New York (its 
presiding officer) for President, and unanimously nominated — in 
spite of his revolutionary Broadhead letter — General Frank P. Blair 
of Missouri for Vice-President. 

The delay in nominating candidates grew out of the enforcement 
of the " unit rule " and the course of the New York and Pennsyl- 
vania delegations in blocking action by abandoning " growing can- 
didates when they became dangerous." 

The votes of thirty-three of the thirty-seven states (Nebraska having 
been admitted March 1, 1867), were counted ; the states of Missis- 
sippi, Texas and Virginia, not being entitled to representation in 
congress under the act of July 20, 1868, passed over President 
Johnson's veto, were excluded from the electoral college, the case 
of Georgia being in doubt, though it was treated as Missouri had 
been in 1820. 

The popular and electoral votes, with the exceptions above stated, 
were as follows : 



34 



POPULAK AND ELECTOKAL VOTES OF 1868. 





Popular. 


Electoral. 


States. 


Grant, 
Bepublican. 


Seymour, 
Democrat. 


Grant. 


Seymour. 




76, 366 
22, 152 
54, 592 
50, 641 
7,623 


72, 086 
19,078 
54, 078 
47, 600 
10, 980 


8 
5 
5 
6 

3 




Arkansas 












Delaware 


3 


♦Florida 






57, 134 

250, 293 

176, 552 

120, 399 

31, 049 

39, 566 

33, 263 

70, 426 

30, 438 

136,477 

128, 550 

43, 542 

85, 671 

9,729 

6,480 

38, 191 

80, 121 

419, 883 

96, 226 

280, 128 

10,961 

342, 280 

62, 301 
56, 757 
44, 167 
29, 025 
108, 857 


102,822 

199, 143 

166, 980 

74, 040 

14,019 

115, 889 

80, 225 

42, 396 

62,357 ! 

59, 408 

97, 069 

28, 072 

59, 788 

5,439 

5,218 

31, 224 

83, 001 
429, 883 

84, 090 
238, 700 

11,125 
313,382 

45, 237 
26,311 
12,045 
20, 306 
84, 710 

2, 703, 249 


9 


Illinois 


16 

13 

8 

3 




Indiana 




Iowa 




Kansas 




Kentucky 


11 


Louisiana 




7 


Maine 


7 

'"12" 

8 
4 
11 
3 
3 
5 




Maryland 


7 


Massachusetts 




Michigan 




Minnesota 








Nebraska 








New Hampshire 




New Jersey . . 

New York 


7 




33 


North Carolina 


9 
21 

"26" 
4 
6 
10 
5 
5 
8 




Ohio 






3 


Pennsylvania 








South Carolina 








Vermont 








Wisconsin 








Totals 


3,012,833 


214 


80 







♦Florida adopted the system — discarded by South Carolina — of choosing electors 
by the legislature. Mississippi was entitled to 7, Texas 6, and Virginia 10 electoral 
votes. The vote of Georgia was counted in the form prescribed by the Senate con- 
current resolution introduced by Senator Edmunds, agreed to by the House, though 
the House, by a vote of 150 to 41, decided that the vote of Georgia should not be 
counted on the grounds stated by General Benjamin F. Butler of Massachusetts, viz : 

First. That the votes were not given on the day fixed by law. The electoral college 
of Georgia had met on the 9th instead of the 2d of December, 1868 ; 

Second. Because at the date of the election Georgia had not been admitted to rep- 
resentation in congress ; 

Third. Because Georgia had not complied with the reconstruction acts ; and 

Fourth. Because the election had not been fair and free. 



FIFTH NATIONAL CONVENTION, 

Philadelphia, Pa., June 5-6, 1872. 



GRANT and WILSON 



In spite of the disaffection of many of the old leaders of the 
Republican party toward President Grant's administration, culminat- 
ing in the Liberal Republican convention, which met at Cincinnati 
May 1 and nominated Horace Greeley for President, and B. Gratz 
Brown of Missouri for Yice-President, it was evident that the only 
contest in the Republican national convention would be over the 
Vice-Presidency and platform. 

The convention was called to order by William Claflin of Mas- 
sachusetts, chairman of the national committee, who, under instruc- 
tion of said committee, announced the appointment of Morton Mc- 
Michael of Pennsylvania as temporary chairman. 

An organization was perfected by the appointment of the usual 
committees, the Committee on Permanent Organization presenting 
the name of Thomas Settle of North Carolina for president, and 
Henry H. Bingham of Pennsylvania for secretary, after which the 
convention adjourned. 

The following day, June 6, Mr. Oliver Ames of Massachusetts, 
from the Committee on Rules and Order of Business, submitted a 
report, which was unanimously agreed to. This being the first full 
.and complete code of rules and order of business adopted, the same 
is given in full, viz : 

Rule 1. Upon all subjects before the convention the states shall be called in alpha- 
betical order, and next the territories. 

Rule 2. Each state shall be entitled to double the number of its senators and repre- 
sentatives in congress, according to the recent apportionment, and each territory shall 
be entitled to two votes. The vote of each delegation shall be reported by its chair- 
man. 

Rule 3. The report of the Committee on Credentials shall be disposed of before the 
report of the Committee on Platform and Resolutions is acted upon, and the report of 
the Committee on Platform and Resolutions shall be disposed of before the convention 
proceed to the nomination of candidates for President and Vice-President. 

Rule 4. In making the nominations for President and Vice-President, in no case shall 
-the calling of the roll be dispensed with. When if, shall appear that any candidate 
has received the majority of the votes cast, the president of the convention shall 
announce the question to be: "Shall the nomination of the candidate be made 
unanimous?" But if no candidate shall have received a majority of the votes, the 



36 

chair shall direct the vote to be again taken, which shall be repeated until some 
candidate shall have received a majority of the votes cast. 

Rule 5. When a majority of the delegates from any two states shall demand that a. 
vote be recorded, the same shall be taken by states, the secretary calling the roll of 
states in the order henceforth stated. 

Rule 6. In the record of the vote by states the vote of each state shall be announced 
by the chairman, and in case the votes of any state shall be divided the chairman shall 
announce the number of votes cast for any candidate, or for or against any proposition. 

Rule 7. When the previous question shall be demanded by a majority of the dele- 
gation of any state, and the demand seconded by two or more states, and the call 
sustained by the majority of the convention, the question shall then be proceeded with 
and disposed of according to the rules of the House of Representatives in similar cases. 

Rule 8. No member shall speak more than once upon the same question, nor longer 
than five minutes, unless by leave of the convention, except that the delegates pre- 
senting the name of a candidate shall be allowed ten minutes to present the name of 
such candidate. 

Rule 9. The rules of the House of Representatives shall be the rules of this conven- 
tion so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with the foregoing rules. 

Rule 10. A Republican national committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory, and district. The roll shall be called and the 
delegation from each state, territory, and district shall name, through their chairman, 
a person to act as a member of such committee. 

After several speeches of a general character had been made, 
Shelby M. Cullom of Illinois presented the name of Ulysses S. 
Grant as a candidate for President of the United States for a second 
term. Steward L. Woodford of New York, and M. D. Bonuck of 
California, on behalf of their states, seconded and indorsed the 
nomination, after which the roll of states was called by the secretary, 
each state and territory casting its entire vote for Gen. Grant. The 
president announced that Ulysses S. Grant had received 752 votes— 
the entire vote of the convention — and was unanimously nominated. 

The rules were then suspended and the convention proceeded to 
vote for a candidate for Vice-President. 

The name of Henry Wilson of Massachusetts was presented by 
Morton McMichael of Pennsylvania, and seconded by George B. 
Loring of Massachusetts, Gerrit Smith of New York, and John P. 
Quarles of Georgia ; the name of Schuyler Colfax of Indiana, by 
Richard W. Thompson of Indiana, which was seconded by William 
A. Howard of Michigan, John R. Lynch of Mississippi, and Cortland 
Parker of New Jersey. The name of John F. Lewis of Virginia was 
presented by James B. Sener of that state ; the name of E. J. Davis 
of Texas, by Webster Flanagan of that state ; and the name of Horace 
Maynard of Tennessee, by David A. Nunn of said state. 

At this point Glenni W. Scofield of Pennsylvania, chairman of 
the Committee on Resolutions, reported the following platform, 
which was unanimously adopted without debate : 

The Republican party of the United States, assembled in National Convention in the 
city of Philadelphia, on the 5th ajid 6th days of June, 1872, again declares its faith, 
appeals to its history, and announces its position upon the questions before the country. 

1. During eleven years of supremacy, it has accepted with grand courage the solemn 
duties of the time. It suppressed a gigantic rebellion, emancipated 4,000,000 of 



37 

slaves, decreed the equal citizenship of all, and established universal suffrage. Ex- 
hibiting unparalleled magnanimity, it criminally punished no man for political offences, 
and warmly welcomed all who proved loyalty by obeying the laws and dealing justly 
with their neighbors. It has steadily decreased with firm hand the reluctant disorders 
of a great war, and initiated a wise and humane policy toward the Indians. The 
Pacific railroad and similar vast enterprises have been generously aided and success- 
fully conducted, the public lands freely given to actual settlers, immigration protected 
and encouraged, and a full acknowledgment of the naturalized citizen's rights secured 
from European powers. A uniform national currency has been provided, repudiation 
frowned down, the national credit sustained under the most extraordinary burdens, 
and new bonds negotiated at low rates. The revenues have been carefully collected 
-and honestly applied. Despite annual large reductions of the rates of taxation, the 
public debt has been reduced during Gen. Grant's Presidency at the rate of $100,000,000 
a year, great financial crises have been avoided, and peace and plenty prevail through- 
out the land. Menacing foreign difficulties have been peacefully and honorably com- 
posed, and the honor and power of the nation kept in high respect throughout the 
world. This glorious record of the past is the party's best pledge for the future. 
We believe the people will not intrust the government to any party or combination 
of men composed chiefly of those who have resisted every step of this beneficent 
progress. 

2. The recent amendments to the national constitution should be cordially sustained 
because they are right. — not merely tolerated because they are law, — and should be 
carried out according to their spirit by appropriate legislation, the enforcement of 
which can safely be intrusted only to the party that secured those amendments. 

3. Complete liberty and exact equality in the enjoyment of all civil, political, and 
public rights should be established and effectually maintained throughout the Union 
by efficient and appropriate state and federal legislation. Neither the law nor its 
administration should admit any discrimination in respect of citizens by reason of 
race, creed, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

4. The national government should seek to maintain honorable peace with all nations, 
protecting its citizens everywhere, and sympathizing with all peoples who strive for 
greater liberty. 

5. Any system of the civil service, under which the subordinate positions of the gov- 
ernment are considered rewards for mere party zeal, is fatally demoralizing, and we 
therefore favor a reform of the system by laws which shall abolish the evils of patron- 
age, and make honesty, efficiency, and fidelity the essential qualifications for public 
positions, without practically ci'eating a life tenure of office. 

6. We are opposed to further grants of public lands to corporations and monopolies, 
and demand that the national domain be set apart for free homes for the people. 

7. The annual revenue, after paying current expenditures, pensions, and the inter- 
est on the public debt, should furnish a moderate balance for the reduction of the prin- 
cipal, and that revenue, except so much as may be derived from a tax upon tobacco 
and liquors, should be raised by duties upon importations, the details of which should 
be so adjusted as to aid in securing remunerative wages to labor, and to promote the 
industries, prosperity, and growth of the whole country. 

8. We hold in undying honor the soldiers and sailors whose valor saved the Union. 
Their pensions are a sacred debt of the nation, and the widows and orphans of those 
who died for their country are entitled to the care of a generous and grateful people. 
We favor such additional legislation as will extend the bounty of the government to 
all of our soldiers and sailors who were honorably discharged, and who, in the line of 
duty, became disabled, without regard to the length of service or the cause of such 
discharge. 

9. The doctrine of Great Britain and other European powers concerning allegiance — 
" once a subject always a subject" — having at last, through efforts of the Republican 
party, been abandoned, and the American idea of the individual's right to transfer 
allegiance having been accepted by European nations, it is the duty of our government 
to guard with jealous care the rights of adopted citizens against the assumption of un- 
authorized claims by their former governments ; and we urge continued careful encour- 
agement and protection of voluntary immigration. 

10. The franking privilege ought to be abolished, and the way prepared for a speedy 
reduction in the rates of postage. 

11. Among the questions which press for attention is that which concerns the rela- 
tions of capital and labor ; and the Republican party recognizes the duty of so shaping 
legislation as to secure full protection and the amplest field for capital, — and for labor, 
the creator of capital, — the largest opportunities, and a just share of the mutual profits 
of these two great servants of civilization. 

12. We hold that Congress and the President have only fulfilled an imperative duty 
in the measures for the suppression of violent and treasonable organization in certain 



38 

lately rebellious regions, and for the protection of the ballot-box ; and, therefore, they 
are entitled to the thanks of the nation. 

13. We denounce repudiation of the public debt, in any form or disguise, as a na- 
tional crime. We witness with pride the reduction of the principal of the debt, and 
of the rates of interest upon the balance, and confidently expect that our excellent 
national currency will be perfected by a speedy resumption of specie payment. 

14. The Kepublican party is mindful of its obligations to the loyal women of 
America for their noble devotion to the cause of freedom. Their admission to the wider 
fields of usefulness is viewed with satisfaction ; and the honest demand of any class of 
citizens for additional rights should be treated with respectful consideration. 

15. We heartily approve the action of congress in extending amnesty to those lately 
in rebellion, and rejoice in the growth of peace and fraternal feeling throughout the 
land. 

16. The Republican party proposes to respect the rights reserved by the people to 
themselves, as carefully as the powers delegated by them to the state and to the fed- 
deral government. It disapproves of the resort to unconstitutional laws for the pur- 
pose of removing evils, by interference with rights not surrendered by the people to 
either the state or national government. 

17. It is the duty of the general government to adopt such measures as may tend to 
encourage and restore American commerce and shipbuilding. 

18. We believe that the modest patriotism, the earnest purpose, the sound judg- 
ment, the practical wisdom, the incorruptible integrity, and the illustrious services of 
Ulysses S. Grant have commended him to the hearts of the American people, and with 
him at our head we start to-day upon a new march to victory. 

The nomination of Henry Wilson was further seconded by Gov- 
ernor E. F. Noyes of Ohio, James Hill of Mississippi, and Powell 
Clayton of Arkansas, and that of Schuyler Colfax by W. D. Bick- 
ham of Ohio. 

The roll of states was then called, the vote standing at the conclu- 
sion as follows : Wilson, 361 ; Colfax, 306 ; Horace Maynard of 
Tennessee, 26 ; John F. Lewis of Virginia, 22 ; E. J. Davis of Texas, 
16, and Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut and E. F. Noyes of Ohio,, 
one each. 

Twenty delegates from Virginia, nine from West Virginia and six 
from Georgia changed from Colfax to Wilson, the vote standing : 
Henry Wilson, 399J ; Schuyler Colfax, 3081 . Horace Maynard, 26 ;. 
E. J. Davis, 16, and 2 scattering. 

The following resolution was then unanimously adopted and 
added to the platform : 

Henry Wilson, nominated for the Vice-Presidency, known to the whole land from 
the early days of the great struggle for liberty as an indefatigable laborer in all 
campaigns, an incorruptible legislator and representative man of American institu- 
tions, is worthy to associate with our great leader, and share the honors which we 
pledge our best efforts to bestow upon them. 

William Claflin of Massachusetts was re-elected chairman of the 
national committee, and William E. Chandler of New Hampshire 
elected secretary. 

The first organized opposition to the renomination of President 
Grant developed in 1870, in Missouri, which state in 1864 instructed 
its (Republican) delegation to cast its vote for General Grant as 
against Mr. Lincoln. Many prominent Republicans united with the 
Democrats in a " Liberal " movement and carried their state ticket. 



39 

It increased during the following year and extended to Ohio. A 
mass meeting of Liberal Kepublicans was held at Jefferson City, 
Mo., in January, 1872, in which most of the committees of the state 
were represented, and that meeting called a national convention of 
Liberal Republicans to meet at Cincinnati on May 1st following. 

The convention met, issued an address to the people, adopted a 
platform and nominated Horace Greeley of New York for President, 
and B. Gratz Brown of Missouri for Vice-President. 

The Democratic national convention met at Baltimore, Maryland, 
on July 9, adopted the Liberal Republican address and platform 
without change, and in spite of earnest opposition, formally nomi- 
nated Messrs. Greeley and Brown, respectively, for President and 
Vice-President. 

That action developed so much opposition that a " straight Dem- 
ocratic convention " was called and held at Louisville, Kentucky, on 
September 3. Charles O'Connor of New York was nominated for Pres- 
ident and Charles Francis Adams of Massachusetts for Vice-President. 
Mr. O'Connor peremptorily declined the nomination, and Mr. Adams 
had previously written a letter saying that while he did not wish the 
nomination, he would accept if Mr. O'ConJTor.would stand. The con- 
vention then nominated Mr. Matthew Lyon of Virginia (president of 
the convention) in Mr. O'Connor's place, but Mr. Lyon declined and 
the convention then renominated Mr. O'Conjtor. 

The Labor Reformers met at Columbus, Ohio, on February 21, and 
nominated David Davis of Illinois for President, and Joel Parker of 
New Jersey for Vice-President. In June following both withdrew 
their names and a few delegates met and nominated Charles O'Connor 
for President, but made no nomination for Vice-President. i 

The Prohibitionists met at Columbus on February 22 and nomi- 
nated James Black of Pennsylvania for President, and John Russell 
of Michigan for Vice-President. 

The result of the campaign was never in doubt after the summer 
elections. The Democratic leaders were " disgruntled " over Mr. 
Greeley's nomination, and the "rank and tile" of the party — espe- 
cially in New York and Pennsylvania — either refrained from voting 
or voted for Mr. O'Connor. 

The result of the popular vote was as follows : 



40 

Grant. Greeley. 

States. Republican. Liberal and Democrat. 

Alabama 90,272 79,444 

Arkansas 41,373 37,927 

California 54,020 40,718 

Connecticut 50,638 45,880 

Delaware 11,115 10,206 

Florida 17,763 15,427 

Georgia 62,550 76,356 

Illinois 241,944 184,938 

Indiana 186,147 163,632 

Iowa 131,566 71,196 

Kansas 67,048 32,970 

Kentucky 88,766 99,995 

Louisiana 71,663 57,029 

Maine 61,422 29,087 

Maryland..... 66,760 67,687 

Massachusetts 133,472 59,260 

Michigan 138,455 78,355 

Minnesota 55,117 34,423 

Mississippi 82,175 47,288 

Missouri 119,196 151,434 

Nebraska 18,329 7,812 

Nevada 8,413 6,236 

New Hampshire ; 37,168 31,424 

New Jersey 91,656 76,456 

New York 440, 736 387, 281 

North Carolina 94,769 70,094 

Ohio 281,852 244,321 

Oregon 11,819 7,730 

Pennsylvania 349,589 212,041 

Rhode Island i 13,665 5,329 

South Carolina 72,290 22,703 

Tennessee 85,655 94,391 

Texas 47,468 66,546 

Vermont 41,481 10,927 

Virginia 93,468 91,654 

West Virginia ... 32,315 29,451 

Wisconsin 104,997 86,477 



Totals 3, 597, 132 2, 834, 125 

The O'Connor ticket received an aggregate vote of 29,489 cast in 
23 states, Maryland giving but 19 votes. 

The following states were carried for Greeley and Brown, with 
electoral votes as follows, viz : Georgia, 11 ; Kentucky, 12 ; Mary- 
land, 8 ; Missouri, 15 ; Tennessee, 12, and Texas, 8. Total, 66. 

Mr. Greeley died November 29, 1872, a few days after the choice 
of electors had been made, and the electoral votes to which he was 
entitled were distributed between Messrs. Hendricks of Indiana, 
Brown of Missouri, Jenkins of Georgia, and David Davis of Illi- 
nois, seventeen votes not being cast or counted for any person, viz : 
six from Arkansas, three from Georgia, and eight from Louisiana. 

In the above table the vote of Louisiana is given in accordance 
with what is known as the'" Custom-House Count," there being two 
" returning boards." 

The returning board of which Governor Henry C. Warmouth was 



41 

ex-officio president, forwarded a set of returns showing that 59,975 
votes were cast for General Grant and 66,467 for Mr. Greeley. Each 
board undoubtedly manipulated the returns so as to produce a par- 
ticular result, and for that reason the vote of the state was thrown 
out by Congress, as was also the vote of Arkansas, the latter on a trifling 
technicality as to the seal. The three electoral votes cast by Geor- 
gia for Horace Greeley were rejected by the House, but accepted by 
the Senate, and so under the joint rule were not counted. 



SIXTH NATIONAL CONVENTION, 

Cincinnati, Ohio, June 14-16, 1876. 



HAYES and WHEELER. 



The Sixth National Convention of the Eepublican party was called 
to order by ex-Gov. Edwin D. Morgan of New York, chairman of 
the Republican National Committee, at Cincinnati, Ohio, at 12 m., 
June 14, 1876, who, on behalf of said committee, announced the 
nomination of Theodore M. Pomeroy of New York as temporary 
presiding officer of the convention. On motion, Irving M. Bean of 
Wisconsin and Gen. H. H. Bingham of Pennsylvania were elected 
temporary secretaries. A resolution was then adopted for a call of 
the roll of states and territories, the chairman of each delegation 
to announce the names of the persons selected to serve on the fol- 
lowing-named committees, viz : Credentials ; Permanent Organiza- 
tion ; Rules and Order of Business, and Resolutions. The roll was 
then called and the various committees chosen. Speeches were then 
made by Gen. John A. Logan, ex-Gov. Joseph R. Hawley of Con- 
necticut, ex-Gov. E. F. Noyes of Ohio, Rev. Henry Highland Gar- 
nett of New York, William A. Howard of Michigan, and Frederick 
Douglass of New York, after which Mr. George B. Loring of Massa- 
chusetts, from the Committee on Permanent Organization, reported 
the name of Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania for president, and 
Irving M. Bean of Wisconsin for secretary, with a vice-president 
and assistant secretary from each state and territory. The report 
was adopted and the convention adjourned until 10 o'clock a. m., 
June 15. 

Second Day — June 15, 1876. 

Mr. John Cessna of Pennsylvania, from the Committee on Rules 
and Order of Business, submitted the following report establishing 
rules and order of business : 

Eule 1. Upon all subjects before the convention the states shall be called in alpha- 
betical order, and next the territories and District of Columbia. 

Rule 2. Each State shall be entitled to double the number of its Senators and Rep- 
resentatives in Congress according to the late apportionment, and each territory and 
the District of Columbia shall be entitled to two votes. The votes of each delegation 
shall be reported by its chairman. 



43 

Rule 3. The report of the Committee on Credentials shall be disposed of before the 
report of the Committee on Platform and Resolutions is acted upon, and the report of 
the Committee on Platform and Resolutions shall be disposed of before the convention 
proceeds to the nomination of candidates for President and Vice-President. 

Rule 4. In making the nominations for President and Vice-President, in no case shall 
the calling of the roll be dispensed with when it shall appear that any candidate has 
received the majority of the votes cast. 

The president of the convention shall announce the question to be, ; ' Shall the nom- 
ination of the candidate be made unanimous ? " but, if no candidate shall have re- 
ceived a majority of the votes, the chair shall direct the vote to be again taken, which 
shall be repeated until some candidate shall have received a majority of the votes cast ; 
and when any state has announced its vote it shall so stand until the ballot is an- 
nounced, unless in case of numerical error. 

Rule 5. "When a majority of the delegates of any two states shall demand that a 
vote be recorded, the same shall be taken by states, territories, and the District of 
Columbia — the secretary calling the roll of the states and territories in the order 
heretofore stated, and the District of Columbia. 

Rule 6. In the record of the votes by states the vote of each state, territory, and 
the District of Columbia shall be announced by the chairman ; and in case the votes 
of any state, territory, or the District of Columbia shall be divided, the chairman 
shall announce the number of votes cast for any candidate or for or against any prop- 
osition. 

Rule 7. When the previous question shall be demanded by the majority of the del- 
egates from any state, and the demand seconded by two or more states, and the call 
sustained by a majority of the convention, the question shall then be proceeded with 
and disposed of according to the rules of the House of Representatives in similar cases. 

Rule 8. No member shall speak more than once upon the same question, nor longer 
than five minutes, unless by leave of the convention, except that delegates presenting 
the name of a candidate shall be allowed ten minutes in presenting the name of such 
candidates. 

Rule 9. The rules of the House of Representatives shall be the rules of this conven- 
tion, so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with the foregoing rules. 

Rule 10. A Republican national committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory, and district represented in convention. The roll 
shall be called, and the delegation from each state, territory, and district shall name, 
through their chairman, a person to act as a member of such committee. 

After debate the report was adopted. Mr. John T. Ensor of 
Maryland, chairman of the Committee on Credentials, made a re- 
port that full delegations were present from all the states and terri- 
tories, with the exception of the states of Nevada and North Caro- 
lina, and recommending that in those cases the delegates present be 
authorized to cast the full vote of their respective states. He also 
reported that the only contests were from the states of Alabama and 
Florida, and the District of Columbia, and submitted the names of 
the delegates agreed upon by the committee as entitled to seats ; 
also recommending that the twenty-two delegates from Arkansas 
present be admitted to seats. Mr. Charles N. Harris of Nevada 
submitted a minority report signed by himself and Messrs. James 
Atkins of Georgia, Stephen A. Swails of South Carolina, A. Steele 
of Indiana, A. G. Sharp of Tennessee, M. A. Eosenblatt of Missouri, 
C. E. Nash of Louisiana, James Heaton of North Carolina, Matthew 
S. Quay of Pennsylvania, Thos. C. Piatt of New York, and James 
P. Newcomb of Texas. The report of the committee, except as to 
Alabama, was adopted, and after debate the minority report, pro- 
posing to seat the delegation headed by George E. Spencer, was re- 



44 

jected on a roll-call by yeas 354, nays 375, and the majority report 
was then adopted without division. 

Ex-Gov. Joseph E. Hawley of Connecticut, chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Resolutions, then reported the following platform : 

When, in the economy of Providence, this land was to be purged of human slavery, 
and when the strength of government of the people, by the people, and for the 
people was to be demonstrated, the Republican party came into power. Its deeds 
have passed into history, and we look back to them with pride. Incited by their 
memories and with high aims for the good of our country and mankind, and looking 
to the future with unfaltering courage, hope and purpose, we, the representatives of 
the party, in national convention assembled, make the following declaration of prin- 
ciples : 

1. The United States of America is a nation, not a league. By the combined work- 
ings of the national and state governments, under their respective constitutions, the 
rights of every citizen are secured at home and protected abroad, and the common 
welfare promoted. 

2. The Republican party has preserved these governments to the hundredth anni- 
versary of the nation's birth, and they are now embodiments of the great truths spoken 
at its cradle, "that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator 
with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of hap- 
piness ; that for the attainment of these ends governments have been instituted among 
men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." Until these truths 
are cheerfully obeyed, and, if need be, vigorously enforced, the work of the Republican 
party is unfinished. 

3. The permanent pacification of the Southern section of the Union and the com- 
plete protection of all its citizens in the free enjoyment of all of their rights are duties 
to which the Republican party is sacredly pledged. The power to provide for the 
enforcement of the principles embodied in the recent constitutional amendments is 
vested by these amendments in the Congress of the United States ; and we declare it 
to be the solemn obligation of the legislative and executive departments of the govern- 
ment to put into immediate and vigorous exercise all their constitutional powers for 
removing any just causes of discontent on the part of any class, and securing to every 
American citizen complete liberty and exact equality in the exercise of all civil, politi- 
cal, and public rights. To this end we imperatively demand a Congress and chief 
executive whose courage and fidelity to those duties shall not falter until these results 
are placed beyond dispute or recall. 

4. In the first act of Congress signed by President Grant the national government 
assumed to remove any doubts of its purpose to discharge all just obligations to the 
public creditors, and solemnly pledged its faith "to make provision at the earliest 
practicable period for the redemption of United States notes in coin." Commercial pros- 
perity, public morals, and national credit demand that this promise be fulfilled by a 
continuous and steady progress to specie payment. 

5. Under the constitution, the President and heads of departments are to make 
nominations for office, the Senate is to advise and consent to appointments, and the 
House of Representatives is to accuse and prosecute faithless officers. The best in- 
terest of the public service demands that these distinctions be respected ; that Sena- 
tors and Representatives, who maybe judges and accusers, should not dictate appoint- 
ments to office. The invariable rule in appointments should have reference to the hon- 
esty, fidelity, and capacity of the appointees, giving to the party in power those places 
where harmony and vigor of administration require its policy to be represented, but 
permitting all others to be filled by persons selected with sole reference to efficiency 
of the public service and the right of all citizens to share in the honor of rendering 
faithful service to the country. 

6. We rejoice in the quickened conscience of the people concerning political affairs. 
We will hold all public officers to a rigid responsibility, and engage that the prosecu- 
tion and punishment of all who betray official trusts shall be speedy, thorough, and 
unsparing. 

7. The public school system of the several states is the bulwark of the American 
republic; and, with a view to its security and permanence, we recommend an amend- 
ment to the constitution of the United States, forbidding the application of any 
public funds or property for the benefit of any schools or institution under sectarian 
control. 

8. The revenue necessary for current expenditures and the obligations of the public 
debt must be largely derived from duties upon importations, which, so far as possible, 
should be adjusted to promote the interests of American labor and advance the 
prosperity of the whole country. 



45 

9. We reaffirm our opposition to further grants of the public lands to corporations 
and monopolies, and demand that the national domain be devoted to free homes for 
the people. 

10. It is the imperative duty of the government so to modify existing treaties with 
European governments that the same protection shall be afforded to the adopted 
American citizen that is given to the native-born ; and all necessary laws should be 
passed to protect emigrants, in the absence of power in the states for that purpose. 

11. It is the immediate duty of Congress fully to investigate the effect of the im- 
migration and importation of Mongolians upon the moral and material interests of 
the country. 

12. The Republican party recognizes with approval the substantial advances recently 
made toward the establishment of equal rights for women, by the many important 
amendments effected by Republican legislatures in the laws which concern the per- 
sonal and property relations of wives, mothers, and widows, and by the appointment 
and election of women to the superintendence of education, charities, and other 
public trusts. The honest demands of this class of citizens for additional rights, 
privileges, and immunities should be treated with respectful consideration. 

13. The constitution confers upon Congress sovereign power over the territories of 
the United States for their government, and in the exercise of this power it is the 
right and duty of Congress to prohibit and extirpate in the territories that relic of 
barbarism — polygamy ; and we demand such legislation as shall secure this end, and 
the supremacy of American institutions in all of the territories. 

14. The pledges which the nation has given to her soldiers and sailors must be ful- 
filled, and a grateful people will always hold those who imperiled their lives for the 
country's preservation in the kindest remembrance. 

15. We sincerely deprecate all sectional feeling and tendencies. We therefore note 
with deep solicitude that the Democratic party counts, as its chief hope of success, on 
the electoral vote of a united South, secured through the efforts of those who were 
recently arrayed against the nation ; and we invoke the earnest attention of the 
country to the grave truth that a success thus achieved would reopen sectional strife 
and imperil national honor and human rights. 

16. We charge the Democratic party with being the same in character and spirit as 
when it sympathized with treason ; with making its control of the House of Repre- 
sentatives the triumph and opportunity of the nation's recent foes ; with reasserting 
and applauding in the national capital the sentiments of unrepentant rebellion ; with 
sending Union soldiers to the rear, and promoting Confederate soldiers to the front ; 
with deliberately proposing to repudiate the plighted faith of the government ; with 
being equally false and imbecile upon the overshadowing financial questions ; with 
thwarting the ends of justice by its partisan mismanagement and obstruction of inves- 
tigation ; with proving itself, through the period of its ascendancy in the lower house 
of Congress, utterly incompetent to administer the government ; and we warn the 
country against trusting a party thus alike unworthy, recreant, and incapable. 

17. The national administration merits commendation for its honorable work in the 
management of domestic and foreign affairs, and President Grant deserves the con- 
tinued hearty gratitude of the American people for his patriotism and his eminent 
services in war and in peace. 

Edward L. Pierce of Massachusetts moved to strike out the eleventh 
resolution, which motion, after debate, was rejected upon a roll-call 
by states by yeas 215, nays 532. The delegations, from the states 
of California, Colorado, Florida, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ne- 
vada, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, and Wis- 
consin, and the territories (except Montana) voting solidly in the 
negative. The eleventh resolution was then agreed to. Edmund J. 
Davis of Texas submitted a minority report from the Committee on 
Resolutions (signed by himself) proposing to strike out the fourth 
resolution and insert in lieu thereof the following : 

Resolved, That it is the duty of Congress to provide for carrying out the act known 
as the resumption act of Congress, to the end that the resumption of specie payments 
may not be longer delayed. 



46 

The substitute was rejected without division, the fourth resolution 
agreed to, and the platform adopted as reported. 

The roll of states was then called for the nomination of candidates 
for President. When Connecticut was reached Stephen W. Kel- 
logg of that state presented the name of Marshall Jewell; Kichard 
W. Thompson of Indiana, that of Oliver P. Morton ; John M. Harlan 
of Kentucky, that of Benjamin H. Bristow ; Robert G. Ingersoll of 
Illinois, that of James G. Blaine; Stewart L. Woodford of New 
York, that of Roscoe Conkling ; Edward F. Noyes of Ohio, that of 
Rutherford B. Hayes, and Linn Bartholomew of Pennsylvania, that 
of John F. Hartranft. The convention then adjourned. 

On the third day (Friday, June 16, 1876) the convention proceeded 
to ballot for a candidate for President, with the following result : 



States. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . .. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina... 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina .. 

Texas 

Tennessee 

Yermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia.... 

Wisconsin 

Territories 



No. of 
delegates. 



20 
12 
12 

6 
12 

6 

8 
22 
42 
30 
22 
10 
24 
16 
14 
16 
26 
22 
10 
16 
30 

6 

6 
10 
18 
70 
20 
44 

6 
58 

8 
14 
16 
24 
10 
22 
10 
20 
18 

756 



Blaine. 



10 



6 
1 
5 

38 



22 
10 



2 

4 

1 

16 

8 

20 

2 

285 



Morton. 



12 



30 



14 



Bristow. 



124 



24 



2 
113 



Conkling. 



99 



Hayes. 



44 



61 



47 

Alabama cast 1 vote and Connecticut 10 votes for Marshal 
Jewell of Connecticut ; Massachusetts cast 3 votes for William A. 
Wheeler of New York, and Pennsylvania 58 votes for John F. Hart- 
ranft of that state. During the roll-call an effort was made to 
change the announcement of the vote of Mississippi. The chair 
held that under rule 4, no change could be made except to correct an 
error in such announcement, and that the vote of a delegate who 
had come in after the vote had been given could not be received. 

The result of the ballot was announced as follows : 

Total number of votes 756 

Necessary to a choice , 379 

James G. Blaine 285 

Oliver P. Morton : 124 

Benjamin H. Bristow 113 

Boscoe Conkling 99 

Butherford B. Hayes 61 

John F. Hartranft 58 

Marshall Jewell 11 

William A. Wheeler 3 

The convention then proceeded to take a second ballot. When 
the state of Pennsylvania was called, its vote was announced as 58 
for John F. Hartranft. The question of order was . then raised by 
Mr. J. Smith Futhey of Chester, that the announcement was incor- 
rect, as himself and three colleagues desired to cast their votes for 
James G. Blaine. The chair ruled that it was the right of each and 
every member of the convention to vote his sentiments in the con- 
vention. Mr. McCormick of Pennsylvania appealed from the de- 
cision, and the question being put, the chair was sustained. The 
roll-call was then completed, at the end of which Mr. J. M. Thorn- 
burg of Tennessee moved to reconsider the vote sustaining the de- 
cision of the chair, and the roll being called thereon the vote was 
yeas 381, nays 359. So the vote was reconsidered, and after further 
debate the roll was again called on the question of sustaining the 
decision of the chair, resulting, yeas 395, nays 353. The chair, in 
announcing the result, stated that the convention, in sustaining his 
decision, had decided that it was the right of every individual mem- 
ber to vote his individual sentiments, and announced the result of 
the ballot as follows : Blaine, 296 ; Morton, 120 ; Conkling, 93 ; 
Bristow, 114 ; Hayes, 64 ; Hartranft, 63 ; Washburne, 1 ; Wheeler, 3. 

A third ballot was then taken, resulting : Blaine, 293 ; Bristow, 
121 ; Conkling, 90 ; Hartranft, 68 ; Hayes, 67 ; Morton, 113 ; Wheeler, 
2 ; Washburne, 1. 

The fourth ballot being taken, resulted : Blaine, 292 ; Bristow, 126 ; 
Conkling, 84; Hartranft, 71 ; Hayes, 68 ; Morton, 108; Wheeler, 2 ; 
Washburne, 3. 



48 

The fifth ballot resulted : Blaine, 286 ; Bristow, 114 ; Conkling, 
82 ; Hartranft, 69 : Hayes, 104 ; Morton, 95 ; Wheeler, 2 ; Wash- 
burne, 3. 

The sixth ballot resulted : Blaine, 308 ; Bristow, 111 ; Conkling, 
81 ; Hartranft, 50 ; Hayes, 113 ; Morton, 85 ; Washburne, 4 ; 
Wheeler, 2. 

The secretary then proceeded to call the roll on the seventh bal- 
lot. When Indiana was called, Mr. Will Cumback withdrew the 
name of Oliver P. Morton and cast 25. votes for Rutherford B. Hayes 
and 5 votes for Benjamin H. Bristow. 

When Kentucky was called, Mr. Harlan withdrew the name of Ben- 
jamin H. Bristow and cast the entire vote of Kentucky for Mr. Hayes. 
Mr. Cumback of Indiana thereupon cast the 5 votes from that 
state previously given to Mr. Bristow for Mr. Hayes. A point of 
order that a change could not be made during a roll-call was sus- 
tained. Mr. Theodore M. Pomeroy of New York announced that 
that delegation cast 61 votes for Rutherford B. Hayes and 9 votes 
for James G. Blaine. Mr. J. Don. Cameron of Pennsylvania with- 
drew the name of John F. Hartranft and cast 28 votes for Mr. Hayes 
and 30 votes for Mr. Blaine, the result being as follows : 
States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut , 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia , 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan , 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada , 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey , 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon , 

Pennsylvania : , 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 



ayes. 


Blaine. 




17 


1 


11 


6 


6 




6 


3 


2 




6 




8 


7 


14 


2 


35 


25 






22 




10 


24 




2 


14 




14 




16 


21 


5 


22 




1 


9 


16 




10 


20 




6 


6 




3 


7 


6 


12 


61 


9 


20 




44 






6 


28 


30 


6 


2 


7 


7 


18 


6 


15 


1 



49 

States. Hayes. Blaine. 

Vermont 10 

Virginia 8 14 

West Virginia 4 6 

Wisconsin 4 16 

Territories 14 4 

Total 384 351 

When the name of Mr. Bristow was withdrawn by Mr. Harlan of 
Kentucky, 21 votes had been cast for him, as follows, viz : Alabama, 
3 ; Connecticut, 7 ; Georgia, 1 ; Illinois, 5, and Indiana, 5. 

The delegates from the territories cast their votes for Mr. Blaine, 
excepting those from Montana and Wyoming, which were cast for 
Mr. Hayes. 

The chair having announced the result and stated the question to 
be on making the nomination unanimous, Mr. William P. Frye of 
Maine seconded that motion and it was unanimously carried. 

Nominations for Vice-President were then made as follows : Wil- 
liam A. Wheeler of New York, by Mr. Luke P. Poland of Yermont ; 
Stewart L. Woodford of New York, by Mr. Thomas C. Piatt of New 
York ; Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut, by Mr. John M. Harlan 
of Kentucky ; Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, by Mr. 
Henry C. Pitney of New Jersey ; Marshall Jewell of Connecticut, by 
Mr. S. H. Russell of Texas. Mr. Woodford of New York withdrew 
his name and the roll was called. When the state of South Carolina 
was called (which cast 12 votes for Mr. Wheeler) the vote stood as 
follows : Wheeler, 366 ; Frelinghuysen, 89 ; Jewell, 86 ; Woodford, 
70 ; and Hawley, 25. Mr. Kellogg, by consent, withdrew the name of 
Mr. Jewell and moved to suspend the rules so as to nominate Mr. 
Wheeler of New York by acclamation, which motion was carried, 
and Mr. Wheeler was declared by the chair the nominee for Vice- 
President. After adding an additional resolution (indorsing the 
nominees) to the platform and appointing a National Committee 
and a committee of one from each state to wait upon the candi- 
dates and give them formal notice of their nomination, the conven- 
tion adjourned. 

Zachariah Chandler of Michigan and R. C. McCormick of Ari- 
zona were elected, respectively, chairman and secretary of the 
National Committee and also of the Executive Committee. 

On May 17 the Prohibition party held a convention at Cleveland 
Ohio, and nominated Green Clay Smith of Kentucky for President, 
and G. T. Stewart of Ohio for Vice-President. 

On May 18 the Greenback party held a convention at Indian- 



50 

apolis and nominated Peter Cooper of New York for President, and 
Samuel F. Cory of Ohio for Vice-President. 

On June 27 the Democratic convention met in St. Louis, and on 
the 29th nominated Samuel J. Tilden of New York for President, 
and Thomas A Hendricks of Indiana for Yice-President. 

The result of the popular and electoral votes were as follows : 



States. 



Popular. 



S. J. Tilden, 
Dein. 



R. B. Hayes, 
Eep. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

♦Colorado , 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

tFlorida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

•("Louisiana 

Maine 

•Maryland 

Massachusetts.... 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire.. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina.., 

Ohio 

tOregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

t South Carolina. 

Tennessee , 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 



102, 002 
58,071 
75, 845 



68, 
38, 

78, 



230 
669 
614 



Total , 



61, 934 

13, 381 

22,923 

130,088 

258, 601 

213,526 

112,099 

37, 902 

159, 690 

70, 636 

49, 823 

91, 780 

108, 777 

141,095 

48, 799 

112,173 

203, 077 

17, 554 

9,308 

38, 509 

115, 962 

521,949 

125, 427 

323, 182 

14,149 

366,157 

10,712 

90, 906 

133, 166 

104, 755 

20, 254 

139, 670 

56, 455 

123,927 



59, 

10, 

23, 

50, 

278, 

208, 

171, 

78, 

97, 

75, 

66, 

71, 

150, 

166, 

72, 

52, 

145, 

31, 

10, 

41, 

103, 

489, 

108, 

330, 

15, 

384, 

15, 

91, 

89, 

44, 

44, 

95, 

42, 

130, 



034 
752 
849 
446 
232 
011 
327 
322 
156 
135 
300 
981 
063 
534 
962 
605 
029 
916 
383 
539 
517 
207 
417 
698 
206 
122 
787 
870 
566 
800 
092 
558 
698 



Electoral. 



S. J. Tilden, 
Dem. 



4,284,265 4,033,295 



10 
6 



11 



15 



12 



9 
35 
10 



12 

8 



184 



R. B.Hayes, 
Rep. 



21 



11 
5 



13 
11 

5 



22 
3 

29 
4 

7 



10 



185 



Mr. Cooper received 81,737 votes, of which Indiana cast 17,233, 
and Mr. Smith 9,522. 



Electors chosen by legislature. 



t Double returns received. 



51 

From Florida, 2 sets of certificates were received ; from Louisiana, 
3 ; from Oregon, 2, and from South Carolina, 2. They were referred 
to the electoral commission, formed under the act of January 29, 
1877, and the commission decided in favor of counting the electoral 
vote as given in the foregoing table. As a matter of interest and 
pertinent to that election, it may be stated that said act provided 
that the commission should consist of five senators, five representa- 
tives, and five justices of the Supreme Court, the Senators and Repre- 
sentatives to be chosen, respectively, by the Senate and the House 
of Representatives. The Senate chose Senators George F. Edmunds 
of Vermont, Oliver P. Morton of Indiana, and Frederick T. Freling- 
huysen of New Jersey, Republicans, and Allen G. Thurman of Ohio 
and Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware, Democrats. The House of 
Representatives chose Messrs. Henry B. Payne of Ohio, Eppa Hun- 
ton of Virginia, and Josiah G. Abbott of Massachusetts, Democrats, 
and James A. Garfield of Ohio and George F. Hoar of Massachu- 
setts, Republicans. The four justices of the Supreme Court desig- 
nated by the act were Justices Nathan Clifford, William Strong, 
Samuel F. Miller, and Stephen J. Field. Messrs. Clifford and Field 
were Democrats, and Strong and Miller, Republicans, and they se- 
lected Justice Joseph Bradley, Republican, as the fifth member of 
the commission on the part of the Supreme Court. 

By the act, double returns, and all returns to which objections 
should be made, were to be referred to the commission, whose decis- 
ion was to be final unless reversed by the vote of both houses. The 
general rule held by the commission was that it was only empowered 
to canvass electoral votes, not popular votes, and to decide whether 
the governor had certified those electors who had been declared 
elected by the canvassing authority of the state. It thus ascertained 
that in Louisiana the governor had certified the legitimate electors, 
while in Oregon the governor had not. In all these cases the House 
voted to reject and the Senate to sustain the commission's decision, 
and the decision was therefore sustained in favor of the Republican 
electors. In the case of South Carolina and in those of electors ob- 
jected to as federal officeholders, the commission decided in favor of 
the Republican electors, and the decision was not reversed by con- 
current vote of the two houses of Congress. All the 20 doubtful 
votes (Florida 4, Louisiana 8, Oregon 1, and South Carolina 7) thus 
fell to the Republican candidates, and the result was declared to be 
185 votes for Hayes and Wheeler, and 184 votes for Tilden and Hen- 
dricks. 

In the case of the South Carolina contest, the commission voted 



52 

unanimously that the Tilden electors were not the true electors from 
that state, and, by a vote of 8 to 7, that the Hayes electors were. 

The count proceeded under the law in the alphabetical order of 
states, commencing March 1, 1877, and a final vote was not reached 
until March 2, at 4 o'clock a. m., when the summing up of the votes 
was read by Mr. William B. Allison of Iowa, one of the tellers on 
the part of the Senate, and the result announced by Senator Thomas 
W. Ferry of Michigan, President pro tempore of the Senate. 



SEVENTH NATIONAL CONVENTION 

Chicago, Illinois, June 2-8, 1880. 



GARFIELD and ARTHUR. 



The Seventh National Convention of the Kepublican party was 
called to order in Exhibition Hall, Chicago, at 12 o'clock m., Wed- 
nesday, June 2, 1880, by the Hon. J. Donald Cameron, chairman of 
the Kepublican National Committee, who stated that he had been 
instructed to place in nomination as temporary chairman the Hon. 
George F. Hoar of Massachusetts, which nomination was unanimously 
agreed to ; John H. Koberts of Illinois and Christopher L. Magee of 
Pennsylvania being made temporary secretaries. A resolution sub- 
mitted by Senator Eugene Hale of Maine, for a call of the roll, on 
which the chairman of each delegation should announce the names 
of persons to serve on the committee on Permanent Organization, 
Rules and Order of Busines, Credentials and Resolutions, was 
adopted, and those committees formed, after which, at 3 o'clock and 
5 minutes p. m., the convention adjourned until 11 o'clock the fol- 
lowing morning. 

Second Day — Thursday, June 3, 1880. 

A motion made by Senator Roscoe Conkling for a recess was re- 
jected, after which Mr. Henry R. Pierson of New York, from the Com- 
mittee on Permanent Organization, submitted a report proposing that 
the temporary organization be made permanent, with a vice-president 
and assistant secretary from each state and territory, which report 
was adopted. The convention, on motion of Representative William 
P. Frye of Maine, at 1 p. m. took a recess until 5 p. m. 

After the recess, Mr. David B. Henderson of Iowa moved that 
the Committee on Rules be directed to report at once, to which Mr. 
George H. Sharpe of New York offered a substitute directing the 
Committee on Credentials to report. The substitute was rejected 
on a roll-call by yeas 318, nays 406, after which the original resolu- 
tion was laid on the table. The convention met at 7 o'clock and 
after thirty minutes' session adjourned until the following morning 
at 10 o'clock. 



54 
Friday— June 4, 1880, 10 A. M. 
Mr. Conkling submitted the following resolution : 

Resolved, As the sense of this convention, that every member of it is bound in honor 
to support its nominee, whoever that nominee may be ; and that no man shall hold a 
seat here who is not ready to so agree. 

The roll of states was called, resulting, yeas 716, nays 3 (the 
three negative votes being cast by West Virginia delegates). 

Mr. Conkling thereupon offered another resolution, declaring that 
the delegates who had voted that they would not abide the action of 
the convention, do not deserve, and have forfeited their votes in the 
convention, which resolution he subsequently withdrew, after a spir- 
ited debate, it being apparent that the convention would table it, the 
three West Virginia delegates having stated that they expected to 
support the nominees but were opposed to the resolution on princi- 
ple. Mr. William J. Sewell of New Jersey moved that the Com- 
mittee on Rules be instructed to report, which motion was agreed to, 
and Mr. James A. Garfield of Ohio submitted the following rules 
and order of business : 

Rule 1 . The convention shall consist of a number of delegates from each state equal 
to double the number of its senators and representatives in Congress, and two dele- 
gates from each territory, and two from the District of Columbia. 

Rule 2. The rules of the House of Representatives shall be the rules of the conven- 
tion so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with the following rules. 

Rule 3. When the previous question shall be demanded by a majority of the dele- 
gates from any state, and the demand seconded by two or more states, and the call 
sustained by a majority of the convention, the question shall then be proceeded with 
and disposed of according to the rules of the House of Representatives in similar 
cases. 

Rule 4. Upon all subjects before the convention the states shall be called in alpha- 
betical order, and next the territories and District of Columbia. 

Rule 5. The report of the Committee on Credentials shall be disposed of before the 
report of the Committee on Resolutions is acted upon, and the report of the Commit- 
tee on Resolutions shall be disposed of before the convention proceeds to the nomina- 
tion of candidates for President and Vice-President. 

Rule 6. When a majority of the delegates of any two states shall demand that a 
vote be recorded, the same shall be taken by states, territories, and the District of 
Columbia, the secretary calling the roll of the states and territories and the District 
of Columbia in the order heretofore stated. 

Rule 7. In making the nominations for President and Vice-President, in no case 
shall the call of the roll be dispensed with. When it shall appear that any candidate 
has received a majority of the votes cast the president of the convention shall an- 
nounce the question to be : " Shall the nomination of the candidate be made unani- 
mous ? " But if no candidate shall have received a majority of the votes the chair 
shall direct the vote to be again taken, which shall be repeated until some candidate 
shall have received a majority of the votes cast ; and when any state has announced 
its vote it shall so stand until the ballot is announced, unless in case of numerical 
error. 

Rule 8. In the record of the votes by states the vote of each state, territory, and 
District of Columbia shall be announced by the chairman ; and in case the vote of 
any state, territory, or District of Columbia shall be divided, the chairman shall 
announce the number of votes cast for any candidate, or for or against any proposition ; 
but if exception is taken by any delegate to the correctness of such announcement by 
the chairman of his delegation, the president of the convention shall direct the roll of 
members of such delegation to be called, and the result shall be recorded in accordance 
with the votes individually given. 



Rule 9. No member shall speak more than once upon the same question, nor longer 
than five minutes, unless by leave of the convention, except that delegates presenting 
the name of a candidate shall be allowed ten minutes in presenting the name of such 
candidate. 

Rule 10. A Republican National Committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory, and the District of Columbia represented in this 
convention. The roll shall be called, and the delegation from each state, territory, 
and the District of Columbia shall name, through their chairman, a person to act as 
member of such committee. 

Rule 11. All resolutions relating to the platform shall be referred to the Commit- 
tee on Resolutions without debate. 

Mr. George H. Sharpe of New York submitted a minority report 
signed by himself and Messrs. J. A. Thomasson of Alabama, J. H. 
Johnson of Arkansas, James Dean of Florida, W. Godfrey Hunter 
of Kentucky, H. C. Carter of Mississippi, Thomas B. Eodgers of 
Missouri, J. M. Cordell of Tennessee, W. E. Watkins of Virginia, 
A. W. Metcalf of Illinois, and M. M. Megrue of Colorado, sub- 
mitting the following as a substitute for proposed rule 8 : 

In the record of votes by states, the vote of each state, territory, and the District 
of Columbia shall be announced by the chairman; and in case the votes of any state, 
territory, or the District of Columbia shall be divided, the chairman shall announce 
the number of votes cast for any candidate, or for or against any proposition. 

The report was laid over to receive the report of the Committee 
on Credentials made by Representative Omar D. Conger of Michi- 
gan. The committee made . a long report on the contests from 
Louisiana, Alabama, Illinois, Kansas, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 
and Utah. Mr. Conger stated that there were some fifty odd cases 
of contested delegates and alternates on which the committee had 
heard testimony, arguments, &c, and over fifty other points or ques- 
tions submitted, requiring consideration and action. The cases 
were reported in the order of states above given. 

In the case of the state of Louisiana, the committee recommended 
the admission of the delegation, with their alternates headed by 
Henry C. Warmouth, and the exclusion of the delegation headed by 
Taylor Beattie. The Beattie delegates, being in a minority, had 
bolted the regular convention, which .action the committee found 
was without adequate cause. 

In the first Alabama case, the committee recommended that James 
T. Rapier be admitted as delegate from the Fourth Congressional 
district of that state. The facts as stated showed that Rapier had 
been duly elected ; that the state convention passed a resolution 
directing the vote of the state to be cast as a unit for General Grant, 
and requiring each delegate to pledge himself to obey said instruc- 
tions. Mr. Rapier could not be found at the time, and the president 
of the convention was instructed to withhold his credentials unless 
he should, within twenty-four hours, give the required pledge, which 
Mr. Rapier refused to do. 



56 

In the second Alabama case, the committee recommended that 
William H. Smith and Willard Warner be admitted as delegates from 
the Seventh Congressional district in place of Arthur Bingham and 
B. A. Moseley. The facts in the case were substantially the same 
as in the preceding case of Bapier. Mr. Warner was called on by 
the chairman of the state convention to rise and pledge himself to 
vote for General Grant. He refused to do so, stating that he was 
authorized to refuse for Mr. Smith, and the convention undertook to 
revoke their election and substitute Bingham and Moseley in their 
places. 

[The committee in this action were governed by the decision of 
the preceding national convention that it was the right of every in- 
dividual member of the convention to vote his sentiments.] 

In the Illinois cases, the committee reported against the sitting 
members and in favor of the following persons : 

First Congressional district, William J. Campbell and Elbridge 
G. Keith ; 

Third district, Washington Hesing and Elliott Anthony ; 

Fourth district, C. W. Marsh and Lot B. Smith ; 

Fifth district, Bobert E. Logan and W. H. Holcombe ; 

Sixth district, James K. Edsall and John P. Hand ; 

Ninth district, John A. Gray and W. Selden Gale ; 

Tenth district, Hen. Tubbs and John Fletcher ; 

Thirteenth district, F. Law and E. D. Blenn ; and, 

Seventeenth district, William E. Kneffner and E. Guelich. 

The committee reported that a state convention was held at Spring- 
field, Illinois, on May 10, to elect delegates to the national conven- 
tion. During the convention the delegates from each of the fore- 
going congressional districts assembled and organized district con- 
ventions and elected two delegates (and two alternates) to the Chicago 
convention by a clear majority of all the delegates elected to the 
state convention in each of said districts, as shown by the creden- 
tials accompanying the report. The state convention, by means of 
a committee of one from each congressional district, selected, and 
afterwards assumed to elect, forty-two delegates to the national con- 
vention, including the sitting members from the foregoing-named 
districts, the delegates from each of which filed in the state conven- 
tion protests against said elections by the state convention. 

The committee reported against the validity of the contest in the 
second district of Illinois of the seats of the sitting members, A. M. 
Wright and B. S. Tuthill, and also against the objections to the seats 
of the four delegates-at-large from Illinois, viz : John A. Logan, 
Emory Storrs, Green B. Baum, and David T. Littler. 



57 

In the Kansas contests the committee recommended the admission 
as delegates from the second district Messrs. T. C. Leons and S. A. 
Day, and from the third district Thomas J. Anderson and John M. 
Steele, and that the ten present sitting members be allowed to retain 
their seats and cast six votes. The committee reported that the 
state convention met at Topeka on March 31, and that all the sit- 
ting members were elected by one resolution. During the conven- 
tion district conventions were notified by the chairman, and in the 
second and third districts the contestants were elected in such dis- 
tricts at the time and places mentioned and certified, and the com- 
mittee found that they were the choice of a majority of the delegates 
in said districts. 

In the ninth Pennsylvania district the committee reported against 
the validity of the contest made by A. Kline, E. K. Martin, and in 
the nineteenth Pennsylvania district against the contestants D. H. 
McKinney and H. S. McXair. In the West Virginia contest from 
the Third Congressional district the committee recommended that 
the sitting members, Z. D. Ramsdell and S. A. Martin, be allowed to 
retain their seats. These delegates were contested by J. W. Davis 
and John H. Eassler on the ground that they were duly elected by 
the district subinvention, but the committee did not find that fact 
proven. 

A long argument was then made and precedents cited in favor of 
the principle of Congressional district representation. 

In respect to the Utah contest, the committee recommended that 
the sitting delegates and alternates be allowed to retain their seats. 

Powell Clayton of Arkansas then submitted the minority report, 
which, in the Illinois case, was signed by B. F. Tracy of Xew York. 
Powell Clayton of Arkansas, Webster Flanagan of Texas, Green B. 
Baum of Illinois, William J. Hooper of Maryland, Isaac Heyman of 
Alabama, George T. Clark of Colorado, Bichard P. Stoll of Ken- 
tucky, H. E. Havens of Missouri, J. M. Thornburgh of Tennessee, 
John Cessna of Pennsylvania, Charles C. Tompkins of Virginia, 
William N. Taft of South Carolina, and Joseph E. Lee of Florida. 

In the Utah case the following members signed the minority re- 
port on the ground that the sitting delegates were appointed by a 
territorial executive committee selected four years previous, and 
whose duty it w T as to have called a territorial convention, while the 
contestants were appointed by a representative convention called by 
a large number of the leading Republicans, in which the Bepublican 
voters of the territory were fully and fairly represented, viz : Messrs. 
Tracy, Flanagan, Clayton, Havens, Baum, Lee, and Thornburgh. 



58 

Mr. C. R. Codman of Massachusetts concurred with the minority 
in the case of Utah only. 

The following members signed a minority report as to the contest 
in West Virginia, viz : Messrs. Clayton, Tompkins, Flanagan, Lee, 
Stoll, Cessna, Hooper, Thornburgh, Clark, and Eaum. The ground 
assigned was that it stood on the same ground as to the contests in 
Alabama, Illinois, and Kansas, and if the majority report in those 
States was adopted, then the contestants from West Yirginia should 
be admitted as delegates instead of the sitting members. 

Mr. Sharpe of New York moved to amend the report by striking 
out so much as related to the four delegates at large from Illinois, 
which was adopted after debate. 

So much of the report as to which the committee was unanimous 
was then adopted. The Alabama contest was then taken up, and, 
after debate, the question was put on the motion to substitute the 
minority for the majority report, and it was rejected on a roll-call 
by yeas 306, nays 449. The majority report was then adopted with- 
out division. 

When the vote of Alabama was announced, Mr. Allen Alexander 
of that state raised the question of order that the delegates whose 
seats were contested had not the right to vote. 

The chair (Senator Hoar) sustained the point of order and held 
that as the vote reported from Alabama included the votes of the 
sitting members whose seats were in contest, they were not at liberty 
to vote. The chair reserved the determination of the question until 
the conclusion of the roll-call. It was then stated by Mr. George 
Turner of Alabama that he was authorized by the delegates present 
and requested by the alternates of the sitting members to cast their 
votes, and that the votes of the alternates were not in question. 
Upon this statement the chair decided that the vote should stand as 
reported. 

The Illinois contests were then taken up and after a limitation of 
debate to two hours Mr. Clayton moved to substitute the report of 
the minority so far as it related to the first district for the majority 
report, which motion was rejected by yeas 353, nays 387 ; the 
Kansas delegation not voting, for the reason stated by Mr. Preston 
B. Plumb, that the same question would come up in regard to that 
delegation. The majority report as to that district was then 
adopted by yeas 384, nays 356. The remaining portion of the 
majority report as to Illinois was then adopted. 

The Kansas contest was then taken up and the report agreed to 
by yeas 476, nays 184 ; the Kansas delegation, by agreement, dividing 



59 

evenly. The West Virginia contest was then taken up and the re- 
port of the minority adopted as a substitute for the majority report 
by yeas 417, nays 330. The Utah contest was then taken up and 
the minority report adopted by yeas 426, nays 312. The report of 
the Committee on Rules was then taken up, when Mr. George H. 
Sharpe of New York submitted the following resolution as a substi- 
tute for the report of the committee, viz : 

Resolved, That this convention will proceed immediately to ballot for candidates 
for President and Vice-President of the United States, and that one speech of fifteen 
minutes be allowed for the presentation of each candidate, and ten minutes for one 
speech to second each nomination, and at the end thereof that the roll of states, terri- 
tories, and the District of Columbia be called. 

Mr. Garfield made the point or order that the report of the Com- 
mittee on Rules, made under order of the convention, was the only 
thing in order, and the resolution submitted was not a substitute for 
rules but was about other business. 

The chair overruled the point of order on the ground that the 
Committee on Rules had reported, for the government of a conven- 
tion whose functions would expire when its candidates were nomi- 
nated, a series of rules, one of which provides for the method of 
procedure in that nomination, the others providing other matters for 
the government of the convention. The chair being of opinion that 
a substitute which provides for the same thing and nothing else, viz., 
the proceeding to nominate candidates, and for the method of such 
proceeding, making no provision for any other subject, therefore 
held the substitute to be in order. 

The roll was then called and the resolution (substitute) rejected 
by yeas 276, nays 479. Mr. George S. Boutwell of Massachusetts 
submitted an amendment to add to rule 10 the following (modified 
by an amendment by Mr. Benjamin Butterworth of Ohio), which was 
adopted, viz : 

Said committee shall, within the next twelve months, prescribe a method or methods 
for the election of delegates to the national convention to be held in 1884 ; announce 
the same to the country, and issue a call for that convention in conformity therewith : 
Provided, That such methods or rules shall include and secure to the several Con- 
gressional districts in the United States the right to elect their own delegates to the 
national convention. 

Mr. Edwards Pierrepont of New York then submitted the follow- 
ing report of the Committee on Resolutions, viz : 

The Eepublican party, in national convention assembled, at the end of twenty years 
since the federal government was first committed to its charge, submits to the people 
of the United States this brief report of its administration : 

It suppressed a rebellion which had armed nearly a million of men to subvert the 
national authority. It reconstructed the Union of the states, with freedom instead of 
slavery as its corner-stone. It transformed 4,000,000 human beings from the likeness 
of things to the rank of citizens. It relieved Congress from the infamous work of 
hunting fugitive slaves, and charged it to see that slavery does not exist. It has 



60 

raised the value of our paper currency from 38 per cent, to the par of gold. It has 
restored upon a solid basis payment in coin for all the national obligations, and has 
given us a currency absolutely good and equal in every part of our extended country. 
It has lifted the credit of the nation from the point where 6 per cent, bonds sold at 86 
to that where 4 per cent, bonds are eagerly sought at a premium. Under its adminis- 
tration, railways have increased from 31,000 miles in 1860 to more than 82,000 in 1879. 
Our foreign trade has increased from $700,000,000 to $1,150,000,000 in the same time, 
and our exports, which were $20,000,000 less than our imports in 1860, were $264,- 
000,000 more than our imports in 1879. Without resorting to loans, it has, since the 
war closed, defrayed the ordinary expenses of government, besides the accruing 
interest on the public debt, and disbursed annually more than $30,000,000 for 
soldiers' pensions. It has paid $888,000,000 of the public debt, and by refunding the 
balance at lower rates has reduced the annual interest charge from nearly $150,000,000 
to less than $89,000,000. All the industries of the country have revived, labor is in 
demand, wages have increased, and throughout the entire country there is evidence of 
a coming prosperity greater than we have ever enjoyed. Upon this record the Re- 
publican party asks for the continued confidence and support of the people, and this 
convention submits for their approval the following statement of the principles and 
purposes which will continue to guide and inspire its efforts : 

1. We affirm that the work of the Republican party for the last twenty-one years has 
been such as to commend it to the favor of the nation ; that the fruits of the costly 
victories which we have achieved through immense difficulties should be preserved ;. 
that the peace regained should be cherished : that the Union should be perpetuated, 
and that liberties secured to this generation should be transmitted undiminished to 
future generations ; that the order established and the credit acquired should never 
be impaired ; that the pension promises should be paid ; that the debt so much reduced 
should be extinguished by the full payment of every dollar thereof ; that the reviving 
industries should be further promoted, and that the commerce, already increasing, 
should be steadily encouraged. 

2. The Constitution of the United States is a supreme law, and not a mere contract. 
Oat of confederated states it made a sovereign nation. Some powers are denied the 
nation, while others are denied the states, but the boundary between the powers dele- 
gated and those reserved is to be determined by the national and not by the state tri- 
bunal. 

3. The work of popular education is one left to the care of the several states, but it 
is the duty of the national government to aid that work to the extent of its constitu- 
tional power. The intelligence of the nation is but the aggregate intelligence of the 
several states, and the destiny of the nation must be guided, not by the genius of any 
one state, but by the aggregate genius of all. 

4. The Constitution wisely forbids Congress to make any law respecting the estab- 
lishment of religion, but it is idle to hope that the nation can be protected against in- 
fluence of sectarianism while each state is exposed to its domination. We therefore 
recommend that the Constitution be so amended as to lay the same prohibition on the 
legislature of each State, and to forbid the appropriation of public funds to the sup- 
port of sectarian schools. 

5. We reaffirm the belief, avowed in 1876, that the duties levied for the purpose of 
revenue should so discriminate as to favor American labor ; that no further grant of 
the public domain should be made to any railway or other corporation ; that slavery 
having perished in the states, its twin barbarity, polygamy, must die in the territories ; 
that everywhere the protection accorded to a citizen of American birth must be secured 
to citizens by American adoption ; that we deem it the duty of Congress to develop and 
improve our sea-coast and harbors, but insist that further subsidies to private persons 
or corporations must cease ; that the obligations of the republic to the men who pre- 
served its integrity in the day of battle are undiminished by the lapse of fifteen years 
since their final victory. To do them honor is, and shall forever be, the grateful privi- 
lege and sacred duty of the American people. 

6. Since the authority to regulate immigration and intercourse between the United 
States and foreign nations rests with the Congress of the United States and the treaty- 
making power, the Republican party, regarding the unrestricted immigration of the 
Chinese as a matter of great concernment, under the exercise of both these powers, 
would limit and restrict that immigration by the enactment of such just, humane, and 
reasonable laws and treaties as will produce that result. 

7. That the purity and patriotism which characterized the earlier career of Ruther- 
ford B. Hayes in peace and war, and which guided the thought of our immediate 
predecessors to him for a presidential candidate, have continued to inspire him in his 
career as chief executive, and that history will accord to his administration the honors 
which are due to an efficient, just, and courteous discharge of the public business, and 
will honor his vetoes between the people and attempted partisan laws. 



61 

8. We charge upon the Democratic party the habitual sacrifice of patriotism and 
justice to a supreme and insatiable lust of office and patronage ; that, to obtain posses- 
sion of the national government and control of the place, they have obstructed all 
efforts to promote the purity and to conserve the freedom of suffrage and have devised 
fraudulent ballots and invented fraudulent certifications of returns ; have labored to 
unseat lawfully elected members of Congress to secure at all hazards a majority of the 
states in the House of Representatives ; have endeavored to occupy by force and fraud 
the places of trust given to others by the people of Maine, rescued by the courage and 
action of Maine's patriotic sons ; have, by methods vicious in principle and tyrannical 
in practice, attached partisan legislation to appropriation bills, upon whose passage 
the very movement of the government depended ; have crushed the rights of the indi- 
vidual ; have advocated the principles and sought the favor of rebellion against the 
nation, and have endeavored to obliterate the sacred memories of the war, and to 
overcome its inestimably valuable results of nationality, personal freedom, and indi- 
vidual equality. The equal, steady, and complete enforcement of laws, and the pro- 
tection of all our citizens in the enjoyment of all privileges and immunities guaranteed 
by the Constitution, are the first duties of the nation. The dangers of a solid South 
can only be averted by a faithful performance of every promise which the nation has 
made to its citizens. The execution of the laws, and the punishment of all those who 
violate them, are the only safe methods by which an enduring peace can be secured 
and genuine prosperity established throughout the South. Whatever promises the 
nation makes the nation must perform. A nation cannot safely relegate this duty to 
the states. The solid South must be divided by the peaceful agencies of the ballot, 
and all honest opinions must there find true expression. To this end the honest voter 
must be protected against terrorism, violence, or fraud. And we affirm it to be the 
duty and purpose of the Republican party to use all legitimate means to restore all 
states of this Union to the most perfect harmony that may be possible. And we sub- 
mit to the practical, sensible people of the United States to say whether it would not 
be dangerous to the dearest interests of our country at this time to surrender the ad- 
ministration of the national government to a party which seeks to overthrow the exist- 
ing policy, under which we are so prosperous, and thus bring distrust and confusion 
where there is now order, confidence, and hope. 

Mr. James M. Barker of Massachusetts submitted the following 
amendment as au additional resolution : 

The Republican party, adhering to the principle affirmed by its last national con- 
vention, of respect for the constitutional rules governing appointments to office, adopts 
the declaration of President Hayes that the reform of the civil service should be thor- 
ough, radical, and complete. To this end it demands the co-operation of the legislative 
with the executive department of the government, and that Congress shall so legislate 
that fitness, ascertained by proper practical tests, shall admit to the public service. 

The resolution was unanimously agreed to and the report as 
amended adopted. 

A recess (at 5.25 o'clock p. m.) was then taken until 7 p. m. After 
the recess the roll of states was called and the national committee 
selected, and on s motion of Mr. Wm. P. Frye of Maine the roll of 
states was called in alphabetical order for nominations for a candi- 
date for President. Names of candidates were then presented, as 
follows : James G. Blaine of Maine, by James P. Joy of Michigan ; 
William Windom of Minnesota, by E. F.Drake of that state ; Ulysses 
S. Grant, " from Appomattox and its famous apple tree," by Boscoe 
Conkling of New York ; John Sherman of Ohio, by James A. Gar- 
field of that state ; George F. Edmunds of Vermont, by Frederick 
Billings of that state ; Elihu B. Washburne of Illinois, by J. B. Cas- 
sady of Wisconsin. The nomination of Mr. Blaine was seconded by 
Messrs. F. M. Pixley of California, Frye of Maine ; that of Gen. 



62 

Grant, by Mr. William O. Bradley of Kentucky ; that of Mr. Sher- 
man, by Mr. F. C. Winkler of Wisconsin and Mr. E. B. Elliott of 
South Carolina ; that of Mr. Edmunds, by Mr. John E. Sanford of 
Massachusetts, and that of Mr. Washburne, by Mr. Augustus Bran- 
dagee of Connecticut. 

The convention then (11.46 p. m.) adjourned to Monday at 10 
a. m. 

Fifth Day— Monday, June 7, 1880, 10 A. M. 

On motion of Senator Eugene Hale of Maine, the convention pro- 
ceeded to ballot for a candidate for President, resulting as follows : 



States. 



Number of 
delegates. 



Grant 



Blaine. 



Sherman. 



Edmunds. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut — 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island ... 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia... 
Wisconsin 

Total 



20 
12 
12 
6 
12 
6 
8 
22 
42 
30 
22 
10 
24 
16 
14 
16 
26 
22 
10 



14 
24 
16 
10 
22 
10 
20 



756 



16 

12 



24 
1 



4 
20 

8 



16 

30 

6 


6 
29 


6 




10 




18 




70 
20 
44 


51 
6 


6 




58 
8 


32 



304 



10 

26 

22 

6 

1 

2 

14 
7 



21 



6 

6 

10 

16 

17 



9 

6 

23 



284 



93 



20 



34 



Minnesota cast its 10 votes for Mr. Windom; Mr. Washburne 
received 7 votes from Connecticut, 8 from Illinois, 1 from Indiana, 1 



63 

from Massachusetts, 1 from Maine, 2 from New Jersey, 1 from Texas, 
and 9 from Wisconsin. Gen. Grant received 1 vote from each of 
the territories of Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, and 1 from the District 
of Columbia, and Mr. Blaine 1 vote from Dakota, Wyoming, and 
District of Columbia, and 2 votes each from Idaho, Montana, New 
Mexico, and Washington. 

During the roll-call the chair ruled that nothing could interfere 
with the roll-call, and that at its conclusion any question raised re- 
garding it could be settled by the convention. 

During the day 27 additional ballots were taken without material 
change. Gen. Grant led with 304 votes and his vote fluctuated be- 
tween 302 and 309. Mr. Blaine was next with 284, his number 
varying from 285 to 275. Mr. Sherman started with 93 and ended 
with 91, having dropped to 88 and risen to 97. Mr. Washburne had 
31 at the start, raised to 36, and finished with 35. Senator Edmunds 
had 33 on the first, lost 1 on the second and 1 on the eighth ballot, 
and finished with 31. Senator Windom started and finished with 10 
votes. Gen. Garfield received 1 vote on the second, third, fourth, 
fifth, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth, nineteenth, twenty-first, and twenty- 
second ballots (from Pennsylvania), 2 votes on the sixth, seventh, 
ninth, tenth, eleventh, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, and twenty -fifth 
ballots, and none on the fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, 
and eighteenth ballots. Scattering votes were also cast for Ruther- 
ford B. Hayes of Ohio, George W. McCreary of Iowa, E. J. Davis 
of Texas, and John E. Hartranft of Pennsylvania. 

And then (at 9 o'clock and 50 minutes p. m.), on motion of Mr. 
Lovering of Massachusetts, the convention, after roll-call thereon, 
by yeas 446, nays 304, adjourned to meet at 10 a. m. the following 
day. 

Sixth Day— Tuesday, June 8, 1880, 10 A. M. 

The convention proceeded at once to balloting, the twenty-ninth 
ballot resulting in some changes. Twenty votes previously given to 
Mr. Edmunds were transferred to Mr. Sherman, which, with others, 
gave him 120 on the thirtieth ballot. On the thirty-fourth ballot the 
Wisconsin delegation cast its vote (18) for Gen. Garfield, and on the 
thirty-fifth ballot he received 27 votes from Indiana, four from 
Maryland, and one each from the states of Mississippi and North 
Carolina, making 50 in all, the additional votes being given by Mr. 
Blaine's supporters. 

The thirty-sixth and final ballot resulted as follows : 



64 



States. 


Number of 
delegates. 


Garfield. 


Grant. 


Blaine. 




20 
12 
12 

6 
12 

6 

8 
22 
42 
30 
22 
10 
24 
16 
14 
16 
26 
22 
10 
16 
30 

6 

6 
10 
18 
70 
20 
44 

6 
58 

8 
14 
24 
16 
10 
22 
10 
20 

756 




16 
12 


4 


Arkansas 






California 




12 






6 




Connecticut 


11 


1 






6 


Florida ... 




8 

8 

24 

1 






1 

7 

29 

22 

6 

3 

8 

14 

10 

22 

21 

8 

9 

1 

6 

3 

10 

18 

20 

15 

43 

6 

21 

8 

6 

8 

3 

10 

3 

9 

20 

399 


10 


Illinois 


6 










Kansas 


4 
20 

8 




Kentucky 


1 


Louisiana 




Maine 




Maryland 

Massachusetts 


6 
4 

1 

2 

7 

29 






Michigan 

Minnesota 






Mississippi 




Missouri 




Nebraska 




Nevada 


2 


1 


New Hampshire 




New Jersey 

New York 






50 
5 




North Carolina 




Ohio 




Oregon 






Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island. 


37 






South Carolina 


8 
15 
13 




Tennessee 


1 


Texas 




Vermont 




Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 


19 
1 








Total 


306 


42 







Total number of votes cast 755 

Necessary to a choice 378 

Mr. Sherman received 3 votes from Georgia and Mr. Washburne 5 
from Illinois, all the territories and the District of Columbia (18 
votes) voting for General Garfield. 

The president announced that James A. Garfield had received 399 ; 
Ulysses S. Grant, 306 ; James G. Blaine, 42 ; Elihu B. Washburne, 
5, and John Sherman 3, and that James A. Garfield of Ohio, having 
received a majority, was the nominee of the convention for President. 

The chair having put the question, Shall the nomination be made 
unanimous ? Mr. Conkling made that motion and spoke in support 
of it, as did Messrs. John A. Logan of Illinois, James A. Beaver of 
Pennsylvania, Eugene Hale of Maine, Win. H. Pleasants of Virginia, 
A. W. Campbell of West Virginia, W. W. Hicks of Florida, A. B. Norton 
of Texas, Charles Foster of Ohio, L. C. Houck of Tennessee, and 



65 

Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, after which the motion was unani- 
mously agreed to. 

The convention then (at 2.25 p. m.), on motion of Mr. Harrison 
of Indiana, took a recess until 5 p. m. 

After the Eecess. 
The convention then proceeded to make nominations for a candi- 
date for Vice-President, and names were presented as follows : 
Elihu B. Washburne of Illinois, by Mr. Pixley of California ; Marshall 
Jewell of Connecticut, by Mr. Henry C. Kobinson of that state ; 
Thomas Settle of North Carolina, by Mr. Hicks of Florida ; Horace 
Maynard of Tennessee, by Mr. Houck of that state ; Chester A . 
Arthur of New York, by Mr. Stewart L. Woodford of that state ; 
Edmund J. Davis of Texas, by Mr. William Chambers of that state. 
Several speeches were made seconding the various nominations, 
after which the roll of states and territories was called, resulting as 
follows : 

States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 

Michigan 

Minnesota .. , 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York " 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon — 

Pennsylvania 

Ehode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia , 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Territories 



Arthur. 


Washburne. 


Jewell. 


18 




2 


12 


12" 




6 




12* 


6 






8 






22 






24 


18 




5 


11 
23 


5 


10 






24 






10 




14 ' 


16 






2 


22 


1 


6 


12 




8 


2 




11 




i 


30 


....... 

6 




3 


3 


4 


3 


14 


1 


60 


1 




20 






42 


2 




6 






47 


11 

8 




14 






...„. 


"5" 




4 


5 




19 


2 


1 


1 


9 




2 


16 




11 


4 


i 



Total 468 193 44 



66 



Horace Maynard of Tennessee received 30 votes as follows : 
Tennessee 24, Indiana 4, and Vermont and Wisconsin each 1. 
Blanche K. Bruce of Mississippi 8 votes, viz : 2 from Indiana, 4 from 
Louisiana, and 1 each from Michigan and Wisconsin. James L. 
Alcorn of Mississippi, 4 from that state. Edmund J. Davis of Texas, 
2 from Louisiana. Stewart L. Woodford of New York, 1 from 
Indiana, and Thomas Settle of North Carolina, 1 from Indiana. 

The result was then announced, after which the usual motions 
making the nominations unanimous, for a committee of notification, 
etc., were adopted and the convention adjourned. 

D wight M. Sabin of Minnesota was made chairman of the National 
Committee. 

The Democratic National Convention was held at Cincinnati, 
Ohio, on June 22-24. The Tammany delegation, headed by 
John Kelley, was excluded on account of their declaration that in 
the event of Mr. Tilden's nomination that delegation would not 
support him. A minority report giving the Tammany delegates 20 
out of the 70 votes allowed New York was defeated by yeas 205, 
nays 457, the New York delegation not voting. 

The first ballot resulted as follows : 

Winfield S. Hancock of Pennsylvania . 171 

Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware 153^ 

Henry B. Payne of Ohio 8l" 

Allen G. Thurman of Ohio 68£ 

Stephen J. Field of California 65~ 

William K,. Morrison of Illinois , ,. 62 

Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana 50^ 

SamuelJ. Tilden of New York 38" 

Horatio Seymour of New York 8 

Scattering 31 

Mr. Tilden had written a letter in which he " renounced " the 
nomination, and the New York delegation cast its vote for Mr. Payne 
of Ohio. The convention then adjourned, and- on the following day 
nominated General Hancock on the second ballot with but 33 oppos- 
ing votes. William H. English of Indiana was then nominated for 
Vice-President on the first ballot. 

The Greenback party held its national convention at Chicago on 
June 9th, and nominated General James B. Weaver of Iowa for 
President, B. J. Chambers of Texas for Vice-President. 

The Prohibitionists held a convention at Cleveland, on June 17th, 
which attracted little attention, but 12 states being represented with 
142 delegates. Neal Dow of Maine was nominated for President, 
and A. M. Thompson of Ohio for Vice-President. 

The popular and electoral votes cast in 1880 were as follows : 



67 



POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES OF 1880. 



States. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts ... 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New eJersey 

New York 

North Carolina.. 

Ohio 

Oregon , 

Pennsylvania.... 
Rhode Island.... 
South Carolina.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Yermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia.... 
Wisconsin 

Totals 



Popular. 



Garfield, 
Republican. 



56, 291 

42,436 

80, 348 

27, 450 

67, 071 

14, 133 

23, 654 

54, 086 

318,037 

232, 164 

183,927 

121, 549 

106,306 

38, 637 

74, 039 

78, 515 

165, 205 

185, 341 

93, 903 

34, 854 

153,567 

54, 979 

8,732 

44, 852 

120, 555 

555, 544 

115, 874 

375,048 

20,619 

444, 704 

18, 195 

58,071 

107,677 

57, 893 

45,567 

84, 020 

46, 243 

144,400 



4, 454, 416 



Hancock, 
Democrat. 



91,185 
60, 775 
80, 426 
24, 647 
64,415 
15, 275 

27, 964 
102,470 
277, 321 
225, 522 
105, 845 

59, 801 

149, 068 

65, 067 

65, 171 

93, 706 

111,960 

131,597 

53,315 

75, 750 

208, 609 

28, 523 
9,613 

40, 794 
122, 565 
534,511 
124, 208 
340, 821 

19. 948 
407, 428 

10, 779 
112, 312 
128, 191 
156, 428 

18,316 
128,586 

57, 391 
114, 649 



Weaver, 
Greenback. 



4, 444, 952 



4,642 
4,079 
3,392 
1,435 
868 
120 



969 
26,358 
12, 986 
32, 701 
19,851 
11,499 
439 

4,408 
818 

4,548 
34, 895 

3,267 

5,797 
35, 145 

3,950 



528 

2,617 

12,373 

1,126 

6,456 

249 

20, 668 

236 

566 

5,917 

27, 405 

1,215 



9,079 
7,986 



307, 306 



Electoral. 



Garfield. Hancock 



21 
15 
11 

5 



13 

11 

5 



35 



22 
3 

29 
4 



10 



214 



10 

6 

5 



10 



7 
12 



155 



EIGHTH NATIONAL CONVENTION 

Chicago, Illinois, June 3-6, 1884. 



BLAINE and LOGAN. 



The Eighth National Convention of the Eepublican party was called 
to order on June 3, 1884, at 12 o'clock m., by Hon. Dwight M. Sabin 
of Minnesota, chairman of the national committee, who proposed 
the name of Powell Clayton of Arkansas as temporary chairman. 

Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts moved to substitute 
the name of John R. Lynch of Mississippi. After a long debate, the 
roll of individual delegates was ordered called by Chairman Sabin, 
following the ruling of Chairman Hoar in the last preceding con- 
vention, " that in the absence of rules the method of taking the 
question rests in the sound discretion of the chair, subject, of 
course, to the order of the convention." 

The result of the roll-call was as follows : 

"Whole number of votes cast 808 

For John R. Lynch 424 

For Powell Clayton 384 

Majority for Lynch 40 

The election of Mr. Lynch, on motion of Mr. Clayton, was then 
made unanimous. 

Titus Sheard of New York and Joseph W. Lee of Pennsylnania 
were then elected temporary secretaries, and the rules of the last 
national convention adopted until a permanent organization was per- 
fected. 

Mr. William J. Sewell of New Jersey moved that the roll of 
states be called and the chairmen of the different delegations respond 
with the names of members of the Committees on Credentials, Per- 
manent Organization, Rules and Order of Business, and Resolu- 
tions, which was agreed to, and the committees were then formed. 
Mr. Edward L. Pierce of Massachusetts submitted the following 
resolution : 

Besolved, That the subject of a revised apportionment of delegates to future na- 
tional conventions and of a revised apportionment of members of the national com- 
mittee be referred to the Committee on Rules and Order of Business, with leave to 
report before the ballot for President. 



69 

Motions to table and postpone the resolution were lost, and the 
same was adopted, after which a recess was taken until 11 o'clock 
a. m., June 4. 

Second Day — Wednesday, June 4, 1884, 11 A. M. 

George B. Williams of Indiana, from the Committee on Perma- 
nent Organization, reported the names of John B. Henderson of 
Missouri for permanent president, and Charles W. Clisbee of Mich- 
igan for secretary, and a vice-president and assistant secretary from 
each state and territory, which report was adopted. 

The convention then took a recess until 7 o'clock p. m. 

After the recess, the Committee on Credentials not being ready to 
report, the convention adjourned until 10 o'clock a. m., the following 
day. 

Thied Day — Thuksday, June 5, 1884. 

Mr. Henry Ballard of Vermont, from the Committee on Creden- 
tials, submitted the unanimous report of the committee in favor of 
the sitting members and their alternates in the following districts : 
First and Seventh Alabama ; Fourth Texas ; First Georgia ; 
Second Illinois ; First Kentucky ; Fourth Maryland ; Sixth New 
York, and Twenty-first Pennsylvania. In the Nineteenth New York 
recommended that the sitting members and their alternates and the 
contestants and their alternates be admitted to seats with one-half 
of a vote to each delegate, and the same recommendation was made 
as to the Fifth Kentucky district. 

In the Virginia contest the committee reported in favor of the 
delegation headed by William Mahone. 

The report was adopted without debate or division. 

Mr. William H. Parks of California, from the Committee on Kules 
and Order of Business, submitted a report proposing a code of rules, 
a,s follows : 

Rule 1. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 2. This convention shall be governed by the general parliamentary law, tak- 
ing Gushing's Manual for authority ; except so far as otherwise provided in the follow- 
ing rules: 

Rule 3. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 4. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 5. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 6. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 7. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 8. Same as in 1880. 

Rule 9. No member shall speak more than once upon the same question, no longer 
than five minutes, unless by leave of the convention, except in the presentation of 
names of candidates. 

Rule 10. A Republican National Committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory, and the District of Columbia, represented in this 
convention. The roll shall be called and the delegation from each state, territory, 



70 



and the District of Columbia shall name, through their chairman, a person to act as a 
member of such committee. Such committee shall prescribe a method or methods for 
the election of the delegates to the National Convention to be held in 1888, announce 
the same to the country, and issue a call for that convention in conformity therewith, 
provided that such methods or rules shall include and secure to the several congres- 
sional districts in the United States the right to select their own delegates to the Na- 
tional Convention. 

Rule 11. Same as in 1880. 

Mr. Galusha A. Grow of Pennsylvania moved to amend rule 10 so 
as to read as follows : 

Rule 10. A Republican National Committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory, and the District of Columbia. The roll shall be 
called and the delegation from each state, territory, and the District of Columbia shall 
name, through its chairman, a person who shall act as a member of such committee. 
Such committee shall issue the call for the meeting of the National Convention six 
months at least before the time set for said meeting ; and each congressional district 
in the United States shall elect its delegates to the National Convention in the same 
way as the nomination of a member of Congress is made in said district ; and in the 
territories the delegates to the convention shall be elected in the same way as the 
nomination of a delegate to Congress is made ; and said National Committee shall 
prescribe the mode for electing the delegate for the District of Columbia. An alter- 
nate delegate for each delegate to the National Convention, to act in case of the 
absence of the delegate, shall be elected in the same manner and at the same time as 
the delegate is elected. 

After debate the substitute was adopted. Mr. Parks further re- 
ported the following as an additional rule, viz : 

Rule 12. The convention shall proceed in the following order of business, com- 
mencing after the reports of the Committees on Credentials and Rules : First, report 
of the Committee on Resolutions. Second, presentation of candidates for President. 
Third, balloting. Fourth, presentation of candidates for Vice-President. Fifth, bal- 
loting. 

Mr. Thomas M. Bayne of Pennsylvania submitted an amendment 
to insert after the first paragraph that the roll of states be called to 
report the names of the members of the National Committee. Mr. 
Parks accepted the amendment, and the rule was adopted as modi- 
fied. 

Mr. John M. Thurston of Nebraska moved an amendment to Rule 
7, which was agreed to, striking out the word " cast " and inserting 
in lieu thereof the words " all the votes of the convention." Mr. 
Wilbur F. Saunders of Montana moved an amendment to Rule 10, 
which was agreed to, adding the following words : 

Provided, That no person shall be elected a member of the committee who is not 
eligible as a member of the Electoral College. 

An amendment by Mr. L. W. Russell of New York, adding the 
words " with leave to report at any time" was agreed to, and there- 
port of the committee as amended agreed to. Mr. Parks, from the 
Committee on Rules, reported the following resolution : 

Resolved, That in future Republican national conventions representation shall be 
as follows : 

First. Each state shall be entitled to four delegates at large, and to two additional 
delegates at large for each representative at large, if any, elected in such state at the 
last preceding congressional election. 



71 

Second. Each territory and the District of Columbia shall be entitled to two dele- 
gates. 
Third. Each congressional district shall be entitled to two delegates. 

Mr. Eobert K. Bishop of Massachusetts submitted a minority re- 
port, which was debated and withdrawn, and the report of the com- 
mittee agreed to. 

Hon. William McKinley of Ohio, from the Committee on Eesolu- 
tions, submitted the following unanimous report : 

PLATFORM. 

The Republicans of the United States, in national convention assembled, renew their 
allegiance to the principles upon which they have triumphed in six successive presi- 
dential elections, and congratulate the American people on the attainment of so many 
results in legislation and administration, by which the Republican party has, after sav- 
ing the Union, done so much to render its institutions just, equal, and beneficent — the 
safeguard of liberty and the embodiment of the best thought and highest purposes of 
our citizens. The Republican party has gained its strength by quick and faithful re- 
sponse to the demands of the people for the freedom and equality of all men ; for a 
united nation, assuring the rights of all citizens ; for the elevation of labor ; for an 
honest currency ; for purity in legislation, and for integrity and accountability in all 
departments of the government, and it accepts anew the duty of leading in the work 
of progress and reform. 

We lament the death of President Garfield, whose sound statesmanship, long con- 
spicuous in Congress, gave promise of a strong and successful administration ; a 
promise fully realized during the short period of his office as President of the United 
States. His distinguished services in war and peace have endeared him to the hearts 
of the American people. 

In the administration of President Arthur, we recognize a wise, conservative, and 
patriotic policy, under which the country has been blessed with remarkable pros- 
perity ; and we believe his eminent services are entitled to, and will receive, the hearty 
approval of every citizen. 

It is the first duty of a good government to protect the rights and promote the in- 
terests of its own people. The largest diversity of industry is most productive of 
general prosperity and of the comfort and independence of the people. We there- 
fore demand that the imposition of duties on foreign imports shall be made, not 
"for revenue only," but that in raising the requisite revenues for the government 
such duties shall be so levied as to afford security to our diversified industries and 
protection to the rights and wages of the laborer, to the end that active and intelli- 
gent labor, as well as capital, may have its just reward, and the laboring man his full 
share of the national prosperity. 

Against the so-called economic system of the Democratic party, which would degrade 
our labor to the foreign standard, we enter our earnest protest. The Democratic 
party has failed completely to relieve the people of the burden of unnecessary taxa- 
tion by a wise reduction of the surplus. 

The Republican party pledges itself to correct the inequalities of the tariff, and to 
reduce the surplus, not by the vicious and indiscriminate process of horizontal reduc- 
tion, but by such methods as will relieve the taxpayer without injuring the laborer of 
the great productive interests of the country. 

We recognize the importance of sheep husbandry in the United States, the serious 
depression which it is now experiencing, and the danger threatening its future 
prosperity ; and we therefore respect the demands of the representatives of this im- 
portant agricultural interest for a readjustment of duty upon foreign wool, in order 
that such industry shall have full and adequate protection. 

We have always recommended the best money known to the civilized world, and we 
urge that efforts should be made to unite all commercial nations in the establishment 
of an international standard which shall fix for all the relative value of gold and silver 
coinage. 

The regulation of commerce with foreign nations and between the states is one of 
the most important prerogatives of the general government, and the Republican 
party distinctly announces its purpose to support such legislation as will fully and 
efficiently carry out the constitutional power of Congress over inter-state commerce. 

The principle of the public regulation of railway corporations is a wise and salutary 
one for the protection of all classes of the people ; and we favor legislation that shall 
prevent unjust discrimination and excessive charges for transportation, and that shall 



72 

secure to the people and to the railways alike the fair and equal protection of the 
laws. 

"We favor the establishment of a national bureau of labor ; the enforcement of the 
eight-hour law ; a wise and judicious system of general education by adequate appro- 
priation from the national revenues wherever the same is needed. We believe that 
everywhere the protection to a citizen of American birth must be secured to citizens 
by American adoption ; and we favor the settlement of national differences by inter- 
national arbitration. 

The Republican party, having its birth in a hatred of slave labor and in a desire 
that all men may be truly free and equal, is unalterably opposed to placing our work- 
ingmen in competition with any form of servile labor, whether at home or abroad. 
In this spirit, we denounce the importation of contract labor, whether from Europe 
or Asia, as an offence against the spirit of American institutions ; and we pledge our- 
selves to sustain the present law restricting Chinese immigration, and to provide such 
further legislation as is necessary to carry out its purposes. 

The reform of the civil service, auspiciously begun under Republican administra- 
tion, should be completed by the further extension of the reformed system, already 
established "by law, to all the grades of the service to which it is applicable. The 
spirit and purpose of the reform should be observed in all executive appointments : 
and all laws at variance with the objects of existing reform legislation should be re- 
pealed, to the end that the dangers to free institutions which lurk in the power of 
official patronage may be wisely and effectively avoided. 

The public lands are a heritage of the people of the United States, and should be 
reserved, as far as possible, for small holdings by actual settlers. We are opposed to 
the acquisition of large tracts of these lands by corporations or individuals, especially 
where such holdings are in the hands of non-resident aliens, and we will endeavor to 
obtain such legislation as will tend to correct this evil. "We demand of Congress the 
speedy forfeiture of all land grants which have lapsed by reason of non-compliance 
with acts of incorporation, in all cases where there has been no attempt in good faith 
to perform the conditions of such grants. 

The grateful thanks of the American people are due to the Union soldiers and sailors 
of the late war ; and the Republican party stands pledged to suitable pensions for all 
who were disabled, and for the widows and orphans of those who died in the war. 
The Republican party also pledges itself to the repeal of the limitation contained in 
the arrears act of 1879, so that all invalid soldiers shall share alike, and their pensions 
begin with the date of disability or discharge, and not with the date of application. 

The Republican party favors a policy which shall keep us from entangling alliances 
with foreign nations, and which gives us the right to expect that foreign nations shall 
refrain from meddling in American affairs — a policy which seeks peace and trade with 
all powers, but especially with those of the "Western Hemisphere. 

We demand the restoration of our navy to its old-time strength and efficiency, that 
it may in any sea protect the rights of American citizens and the interest of American 
commerce, and we call upon Congress to remove the burdens under which American 
shipping has been depressed, so that it may again be true that we have a commerce 
which leaves no sea unexplored, and a navy which takes no law from superior force. 

Resolved, That the appointments by the President to offices in the territories should 
be made from the bona-ftde citizens and residents of the territories wherein they are to 
serve. 

Resolved, That it is the duty of Congress to enact such laws as shall promptly and 
effectually suppress the system of polygamy within our territories, and divorce the 
political from the ecclesiastical power of the so-called Mormon church ; and that the 
law so enacted should be rigidly enforced by the civil authorities, if possible, and by 
the military, if need be. 

The people of the United States, in their organized capacity, constitute a nation and 
not a mere confederacy of states. The national government is supreme within the 
sphere of its national duties, but the states have reserved rights which should be faith- 
fully maintained ; each should be guarded with jealous care, so that the harmony of 
our system of government may be preserved and the Union kept inviolate. The per- 
petuity of our institutions rests upon the maintenance of a free ballot, an honest 
count, and correct returns. 

We denounce the fraud and violence practiced by the Democracy in southern states, 
by which the will of the voter is defeated, as dangerous to the preservation of free in- 
stitutions ; and we solemnly arraign the Democratic party as being the guilty recipient 
of the fruits of such fraud and violence. We extend to the Republicans of the south, 
regardless of their former party affiliations, our cordial sympathy ; and pledge to them 
our most earnest efforts to promote the passage of such legislation as will secure to 
every citizen, of whatever race and color, the full and complete recognition, posses- 
sion, and exercise of all civil and political rights. 



73 

The report (platform) was adopted without debate or division. 

The roll of states was then called and the national committee con- 
stituted for the campaign of 1884, Mr. B. F. Jones of Pennsylvania 
being chairman and Samuel Fessenden of Connecticut secretary. 

The convention then took a recess until 7 o'clock p. m. 

After the Eecess. 

Nominations for a candidate for President were then made as 
follows : 

Joseph E. Hawley of Connecticut, by Mr. Augustus Brandagee of 
that state. 

John A. Logan of Illinois, by Shelby M. Cullom of that state. 

James G. Blaine of Maine, by William H. West of Ohio. 

Chester A. Arthur of New York, by Martin I. Townsend of that 
state. 

John Sherman of Ohio, by Joseph B. Foraker of that state. 

George F. Edmunds of Vermont, by John D. Long of Massa- 
chusetts. 

After speeches in support of and seconding said nominations had 
been made, Mr. Foraker moved that the convention proceed to bal- 
lot, pending which Mr. Thurston moved that a recess be taken un- 
til 10 a. m. the following day, which motion was lost by yeas 391, 
nays 410. 

Mr. Silas P. Dutcher of New York moved the previous question 
on the motion of Mr. Foraker. A call of the roll of states was com- 
menced but was interrupted by Mr. McKinley of Ohio (by unani- 
mous consent) with a motion to dispense with the roll-call and to 
adjourn until 11 o'clock the following morning, which was agreed to. 

Fourth Day, Friday, June 6, 1884. 

The roll was called to nominate for a candidate for President, 
resulting as follows : 



74 



States. 


No. of 
votes. 


Arthur. 


Blaine. 


Ed- 

munds. 


Logan. 


Sher- 
man. 


Alabama 


20 
14 
16 

6 
12 

6 

8 
24 
44 
30 
26 
18 
26 
16 
12 
16 
28 
26 
14 
18 
32 
10 

6 

8 
18 
72 
22 
46 

6 
60 

8 
18 
24 
26 

8 
24 
12 
22 


17 
4 


1 

8 

16 

6 




1 




Arkansas 


2 




California 






Colorado 










Connecticut 










Delaware 


1 
7 


5 
1 








Florida 








Georgia 








Illinois 


1 

9 


3 

18 
26 
12 

2 

12 
10 
1 
15 
7 
1 
5 
8 
6 




40 




Indiana 


1 


2 


Iowa 






Kansas 


4 
16 
10 




1 
3 


1 


Kentucky 




1 


Louisiana ...i 






Maine 






Maryland 


6 
2 
2 
1 
17 
10 
2 








Massachusetts... , 


25 

7 
6 






Michigan 






Minnesota 






Mississippi 






Missouri 


6 


10 


1 


Nebraska 




Nevada 








New Jersey 


4 

9 

31 

19 


4 

6 

12 










1 


New York 


28 

2 

21 

6 
47 






North Carolina 


1 








25 


Oregon 










11 


1 

8 


1 




Rhode Island 






17 
16 
11 


1 

7 

13 






Tennessee 




1 
2 










Vermont 


8 




Virginia 


21 


2 

12 
10 

8 






West Virginia 








Wisconsin 


6 
9 


6 
1 






Territories 














Total 


820 


278 


334^ 


93 


631 


30 







Necessary to a choice, 411. 

The vote of Connecticut (12) was cast for Joseph R. Hawley, who 
also received 1 vote from Kansas ; 4 votes were cast for Robert 
T. Lincoln, viz : 1 from Kentucky, 2 from New Jersey, and 1 from 
New York; and Michigan cast 2 votes for General W. T. Sherman. 

The convention then proceeded to a second ballot, on which Mr. 
Blaine gained 5 votes, Mr. Arthur lost 2, Mr. Edmunds lost 8, Mr. 
Logan lost 2-J-, Mr. Sherman lost 2, and Gen. Sherman gained 1. 

On the third ballot Mr. Blaine gained 16, Mr. Arthur lost 2, Mr. 
Edmunds lost 16, Mr. Logan lost 8, Mr. Sherman lost 3, Mr. Lincoln, 
gained 4, Gen. Sherman lost 1. 

Mr. Foraker moved a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning, 
which motion was lost on a call by yeas 364, nays 450. 



75 

Mr. Foraker then moved that the rules be suspended and that 
James G. Blaine be nominated by acclamation. Mr. Julius Caesar 
Burrows of Michigan objected and demanded the regular order. 

The convention then proceeded to the fourth ballot, resulting as 
follows : 

States. Arthur. Blaine. Edmunds. 

Alabama , 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia , 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan , 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri .... 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York , 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas , 

Vermont 

Virginia 

"West Virginia , 

Wisconsin 

Territories , 



12 


8 




3 


11 

16 
6 




""i 


"*5 




5 


3 




24 






3 


34 
30 




2 


24 

18 




15 


9 




7 


9 
12 




1 


15 




7 


3 

26 
14 


18 


16 


2 






32 






10 






6 




2 


3 


3 




17 


1 


30 


29 


9 


12 


8 

46 

6 




8 


51 


1 


1 


7 




15 


2 


1 


12 


11 




8 


15 


"*8 


20 


4 
12 
22 




3 


15 





Total 207 541 41 

Mr. Hawlej received 15 votes (12 from Connecticut, 2 from New 
York, and 1 from North Carolina), Mr. Logan 7 votes (6 from Illinois 
and 1 from Kentucky), and Mr. Bobert T. Lincoln 2 votes (1 from 
Kentucky and 1 from New York). 

The nomination was then made unanimous, after which the con- 
vention then took a recess until 8 o'clock. 

After the Eecess. 

The roll of states was then called for the nomination of candidates 
for Yice-President, when the name of John A. Logan was presented 



76 

by Preston B. Plumb of Kansas. Other speeches were made 
seconding said nomination — no other name being presented — and on 
motion of Mr. W. O. Bradley of Kentucky, the rules were suspended 
and General Logan was nominated unanimously. 

George R. Davis of Illinois, on behalf of the delegates from that 
state, asked that the roll be called on the nomination of Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

The roll was called, there being no objection, resulting as follows: 

For John A. Logan 773 

For Walter Q. Gresham 6 

For J. B. Foraker. ., 1 

The votes for Messrs. Gresham and Foraker were cast by dele- 
gates from New York. 

The nomination was then made unanimous, and the convention 
then adjourned. 

B. F. Jones of Pennsylvania was made chairman and Samuel 
Fessenden of Connecticut secretary of the national committee. 

The Democratic National Convention met at Chicago, July 8-11, 
1884, and nominated Grover Cleveland of New York for President 
and Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana for Vice-President. 

The Greenback National Convention was held at Indianapolis, Ind. 
on May 28, and nominated Benjamin F. Butler of Massachusetts for 
President and A. M. West of Mississippi for Vice-President. 

The American Prohibition Convention met at Chicago on June 
19, and nominated S. C. Pomeroy of Kansas for President and John 
A. Conant of Connecticut for Vice-President, and the Prohibition 
Convention met at Pittsburg on July 23, and nominated John P. 
St. John of Kansas for President and William Daniel of Maryland 
for Vice-President. 

The contest was conducted to a large extent on personal grounds, 
and there were large defections of Republicans and Democrats from 
their respective candidates, the Republican defection being appa- 
rently the largest, especially in Massachusetts and New York, the 
result of General Butler's candidacy. 

The result of the popular and electoral votes was as follows : 



77 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia , 

Illinois 

Indiana , 

Iowa , 

Kansas , 

Kentucky 

Louisiana , 

Maine , 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . . 
Khode Island. . 
South Carolina . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia... 
"Wisconsin 

Total 



Cleveland. 



93,951 

72. 927 

89, 288 

27,723 

67, 199 

16, 964 

31,766 

94, 667 

312,355 

244, 990 

177,316 

90, 132 

152,961 

62,540 

52, 140 

96,932 

122, 481 

149, 835 

70, 144 

76,510 

235, 988 

54, 391 

5,578 

39, 183 

127, 798 

563,154 

142, 952 

368,280 

24, 604 

392, 785 

12,391 

69,890 

133, 258 

225, 309 

17,331 

145, 497 

67, 317 

146, 459 



4,874,986 



Blaine. 



59,591 

50, 895 

102,416 

36, 290 

65, 923 

12,951 

28. 031 

48,603 

337, 474 

238, 463 

197, 089 

154, 406 

118,122 

46, 347 

72, 209 

85, 699 

146, 724 

192,669 

111,923 

43, 509 

202, 929 

79, 912 

7,193 

43, 249 

123,440 

562, 005 

125,068 

400, 082 

26, 860 

473, 804 

19, 030 

21, 733 

124, 078 

93,141 

39,514 

139,356 

63, 096 

161, 157 



4,851,981 



Butler. 



873 
1,847 
2,017 
1,953 
1,688 
6 



145 

10,910 

8,293 



16, 341 
1,691 

"3," 958 

531 

24, 433 

42, 243 

3,583 



552 

3,496 
16, 994 



5,179 

726 

16,992 

422 



957 
3,321 

785 



810 
4,598 



175, 370 



612 



12, 
3, 
1, 
4, 
3, 

"a," 

2, 
10, 

18, 
4, 



920 
761 
305 
55 
72 
195 
074 
028 
472 
495 
139 

160 

794 
026 
403 

684 



153 



Cleveland 

and 
Hendricks. 



Electobal Votes. 



1, 

6, 
25, 

11, 

15, 



571 
159 
016 
454 

069 
492 
283 
928 



131 
534 

752 
138 
939 
656 



150, 369 



10 

7 



6 

3 

4 

12 



15 



16 



219 



Blaine 

and 
Logan. 



22 



13 

9 



14 
13 

7 



23 
3 

30 
4 



182 



NINTH NATIONAL CONVENTION, 

Chicago, Illinois, June 19-25, ri 



HARRISON and MORTON 



The Ninth Kepublican National Convention was called to order 
at 12 o'clock in the Auditorium at Chicago, 111., Tuesday, June 19, 
1888, by B. F. Jones of Pennsylvania, chairman of the National 
Committee, who, at its request, proposed the name of John M. 
Thurston of Nebraska as temporary chairman with other temporary 
officers. On motion of Mr. Henry H. Bingham of Pennsylvania, 
the rules of the last National Republican Convention were adopted 
until an organization was perfected. 

On motion of Mr. George R. Davis of Illinois, the usual resolution 
for the appointment of Committees on Permanent Organization, 
Rules and Order of Business, Credentials and Resolutions, by a call 
of the roll of states and territories, was adopted. 

The roll was then called and the said committees formed. 

The question as to the delegates from Virginia being entitled to 
name the several committee members from that state was then pre- 
sented by the chair to the convention. Mr. Steenerson of Minne- 
sota moved to amend the order for the appointment of said com- 
mittees so as to provide that they should be constituted by one 
member from each state where there was no contest, which motion 
was laid on the table on motion of Mr. Hoar of Massachusetts, who 
further moved, by unanimous consent, that in states where there 
was no contest, the credentials be given to their member of the 
Committee on Credentials, which was agreed to, and the convention 
at 3.29 p. m. adjourned until the following day at 12 m. 

Second Day — Wednesday, June 20, 1888, 12 M. 

Mr. Charles Foster of Ohio, from the Committee on Permanent 
Organization, reported the name of Morris M. Estee of California 
for permanent president, the temporary secretaries and other officers 
to be permanent. 

After an address by the president and presentation of gavels, Mr. 



79 

Thomas M. Bayne of Pennsylvania, from the Committee on Rules 
and Order of Business, submitted the following report : 

Eule 1. Same as in 1880 and 1884, except that Dakota was given ten and Washing- 
ton Territory six delegates. 

Eule 2. Same as in 1880 and 1884. 

Eule 3. Same as in 1880 and 1884. 

Eule 4. Same as in 1880 and 1884. 

Eule 5. Same as in 1880 and 1884. 

Eule 6. Same as in 1880 and 1884. 

Eule 7. In making the nominations for President and Vice-President, in no case 
shall the calling of the roll be dispensed with. When it appears at the close of any 
roll-call that any candidate has received a majority of all the votes to which the con- 
vention is entitled, the president of the convention shall announce the question to be : 
Shall the nomination of the candidate be made unanimous ? But if no candidate shall 
have received such majority, the chair shall direct the vote to be taken again, which 
shall be repeated until some candidate shall have received a majority of the votes 
cast, and when any state has announced its vote it shall so stand, unless in case of 
numerical error. 

Eule 8. Same as in 1880. 

Eule 9. No member shall speak more than once upon the same question, nor longer 
than five minutes, unless by leave of the convention, except in the presentation of 
names of candidates. 

Eule 10. A Eepublican national committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory and District of Columbia. The roll shall be 
called, and the delegation from each state, territory, and the District of Columbia 
shall name, through its chairman, a person who shall act as a member of such com- 
mittee. Such committee shall issue the call for the meeting of the national conven- 
tion six months, at least, before the time fixed for said meeting ; and each congres- 
sional district in the United States shall elect its delegates to the national convention 
in the same way as the nomination for a member of Congress is made in said district, 
and in territories the delegates to the convention shall be elected in the same way as 
a nomination of a delegate to Congress is made, and said national committee shall 
prescribe the mode for selecting the delegates for the District of Columbia. An 
alternate delegate for each delegate to the national convention, to act in case of the 
absence of the delegate, shall be elected in the same manner and at the same time as 
the delegate is elected. Delegates at large for each state, and their alternates, shall 
be elected by state conventions in their respective states. 

Eule 11. The Eepublican national committee is authorized and empowered to 
select an executive committee, to consist of nine members, who may or may not be 
members of the national committee. 

Eule 12. Same as Eule 11 in 1880 and 1884. 

Eule 13. No person except members of the several delegations and officers of the 
convention shall be admitted to that section of the hall apportioned to delegates. 

Eule 14. The convention shall proceed in the following order of business : 

1. Eeport of the Committee on Credentials. 

2. Eeport of the Committee on Eesolutions. 

3. Naming of members of National Committee-. 

4. Presentation of candidates for President. 

5. Balloting. 

6. Presentation of candidates for Vice-President. 

7. Balloting. 

Mr. Bayne stated that the rules were substantially those of the 
last national convention, the essential changes being the adoption 
of the rules of the House of Representatives so far as applicable 
instead of Cushing's manual, and the appointment of an executive 
committee of nine members. Mr. Benjamin Butterworth of Ohio 
moved to amend so as to limit speeches to 15 minutes, which was 
disagreed to. Mr. George F. Hoar of Massachusetts moved to 
amend rule 10 by striking out the words " an alternate delegate for 
each delegate to the national convention, to act in case of the 



80 

absence of the delegate, shall be elected," etc., and in lieu insert 
the words " alternate delegates for each delegate at large and alter- 
nate delegates for each district delegation, to consist of the same 
number as their principals, to act in case of the absence of the dele- 
gates who shall be elected," etc., which amendment was disagreed to 
after debate, and the original report, on motion of Mr. William J. 
Sewell of New Jersey, adopted. The convention then, at 2.09 p. m., 
took a recess until 8 o'clock p. m. 

After the Recess, 8 P. M. 

After some miscellaneous detail business had been transacted and 
addresses made, Mr. William P. Hepburn of Iowa, from the Committee 
on Credentials, submitted a report accepting the roll printed by the 
national committee as correct, and reporting nineteen cases of con- 
test. Mr. D. L. Russell of North Carolina submitted a minority 
report dissenting only as to Yirginia, after which the report, except 
as to the Yirginia contest, was agreed to. 

In view of the importance of the questions involved as to the 
mode or manner of selecting district delegates in Virginia, which 
mode had been followed in other states, the report of the committee 
and views of the minority submitted by Mr. Russell are given in full 
as follows : 

The cases of contest are as follows : Third Georgia, Tenth 
Georgia, Fifth Louisiana, Third South Carolina, Seventh Tennessee, 
Third Maryland, First Massachusetts, and District of Columbia. 
As to these cases the committee was unanimous. As to the Virginia 
contest, the majority report was as follows : 

The committee begs leave to submit the following report in the contested cases from 
the state of Virginia. The committee afforded to the parties in interest the fullest 
opportunity within the limits of reasonable time to present their evidence, and upon 
the testimony adduced feels warranted to recommend to this convention that there be 
admitted as delegates at large the four delegates and alternates headed by the Hon. 
William Mahone, and all the district delegates, excepting those of the Ninth Congres- 
sional district, known as the Virginia delegates headed by the Hon. John S. Wise. 
The delegates at large, in favor of whom we report, were chosen by a state conven- 
tion of the Republican party. The contestants, against whom we report, were chosen, 
according to their own statement, by a minority of that convention, who retired there- 
from for reasons which, as the committee thinks, are not within its province to report 
upon or discuss. The contests in the district delegations in Virginia arise from the 
fact that two distinct conventions were held for all but two of the ten Congressional 
districts, in each case one being held within and one without the territorial limits of 
the respective district. The question which the committee was called upon to decide 
was which of these two conventions in each district was held in accordance with the 
call of the National Committee. It was not denied that heretofore in Virginia it has 
been the invariable custom to hold district conventions to nominate candidates for 
Congress within the territorial limits of the district. The language of the national 
call is as follows : " The Congressional district delegates shall be chosen in the same, 
manner as the nomination of a member of Congress is made in said district." Un- 
doubtedly unanimous acquiescence in the selection of these district .delegates at 



81 

points outside the district might cure any defect of compliance with the letter of the 
national call. But where, as in the cases from Virginia, a demand has been made and 
insisted upon by any considerable number of Republican voters for the right of local 
self-government, and conventions have been held within the district and delegates 
have been duly chosen, the committee feels constrained to recognize such delegates 
as chosen in accordance with the letter and spirit of the national call, and to 
reject the claims of the delegates chosen by the Republicans assembled beyond the 
territorial limits of the district. In our decisions in these cases we have been gov- 
erned by this rule, and we feel that the good accomplished by the emphatic recogni- 
tion of the rule and its enforcement is of much more importance to the Republican 
party than is the interest of any particular individual, ring, or faction, and accordingly 
we make the following detailed report : 

Then follows the list, which is immaterial. As to the Ninth dis- 
trict, the report is as follows : 

Your committee is of the opinion that there was no convention regularly or lawfully 
called or held to elect delegates to the National Convention for the Ninth Congres- 
sional district of Virginia, and therefore recommend that this district be left unrepre- 
sented. All of which is respectfully submitted. 

The minority report was as follows : 

The undersigned, members of the Committee on Credentials, respectfully report 
that they dissent from the majority in so far as it admits delegates from the Second, 
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Tenth districts of Virginia, who were elected by pre- 
tended conventions which were never called by the state committee, the only author- 
ity which, under the recognized and, at the time, universally accepted written law of 
the party, could convene a district convention, and fix the time and place of its meet- 
ing ; and we further dissent from the refusal of the majority to recommend the admis- 
sion of those delegates from the Second, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth 
districts of Virginia who were elected by conventions which were called by the state 
committee, according to the plan of organization which was in force and universally 
recognized as the existing and only law of the party by the Republicans of Virginia. 
As to the Third district, we do not dissent from the conclusion that John S. Wise and 
his colleague should be seated, because it appears that their convention was called by 
the state committee, and that the Wise delegation from the city of Richmond was 
regular, and that they, with nine other rightful delegates from other cities and coun- 
ties, constituted the lawful convention of the Third district. The action of the major- 
ity, if ratified by this national convention, destroys all party organization in Virginia, 
and if followed to its legitimate and logical conclusion, annihilates the party organi- 
zation throughout the country. It serves notice upon the dissatisfied minority of any 
state or district in the Union that they may disregard form, regularity, authority and party 
law in furtherance of their purpose to override decisions of majorities regularly and 
lawfully declared. The only excuse approaching a reason for their extraordinary 
conduct is sought in the fact that the regular district conventions called by the state 
committee were held outside of the territorial limits of their respective districts, a 
conclusion which, if impartially applied, excludes from this convention various states 
and districts throughout the Union. Nor is it any sufficient answer to say that those 
delegates now sitting in this body holding their credentials from conventions called 
and held in precisely the same way as these delegates from Virginia, may rightfully 
hold their seats because no one appears to contest them. If their conventions were 
unlawfully called and held, their title is inherently and fundamentally defective, and 
they have no right to seats on this floor than any other body of unauthorized strangers. 
In all earnestness we protest against this flagrant breach of form, of regularity, usage, 
justice, and party law. 

The foregoing minority report was signed by William E. Sharon 
of Nevada, Aaron Wall of Nebraska, John M. Freeman of South 
Carolina, A. H. Leonard of Louisiana, B. N. Sullivan of Dakota, 
J. J. Spelman of Mississippi, and D. L. Russell of North Carolina. 

The report of the committee, save that portion relating to the 
contest in Virginia, was then adopted. That portion of the report 
relating to the delegates at large from Virginia was then adopted 



82 

without division. Mr. H. Steenerson of Minnesota moved to admit 
the delegation from the Ninth district headed by Mr. M. B. Wood, 
which motion was agreed to. The question was then put on the 
report of the minority as a substitute for the committee's report as to 
the Second district, and resulted, on a call of the roll, yeas 249^, nays 
514. The remainder of the report of the committee was then adopted 
without division, after which the convention adjourned. 

Third Day— Thursday, June 21, 1888. 

The roll of states and territories was then called, and the National 
Committee membership completed. 

William McKinley, Jr., of Ohio, chairman of the Committee on 
Resolutions, then reported from that committee the following " dec- 
laration of principles " : 

PLATFORM. 

The Eepublicans of the United States, assembled by their delegates in National 
Convention, pause on the threshold of their proceedings to honor the memory of their 
first great leader- — the immortal champion of liberty and the rights of the people — 
Abraham Lincoln, and to cover also with wreaths of imperishable remembrance and 
gratitude the heroic names of our later leaders who have been more recently called 
away from our councils — Grant, Garfield, Arthur, Logan, Conkling. May their mem- 
ories be faithfully cherished! We also recall with our greetings and with prayer for 
his recovery, the name of one of our living heroes, whose memory will be treasured in 
the history both of Eepublicans and of the Republic — the name of that noble soldier 
and favorite child of victory — Philip H. Sheridan. 

In the spirit of those great leaders, and of our own devotion to human liberty, and 
with that hostility to all forms of despotism and oppression which is the fundamental 
idea of the Republican party, we send fraternal congratulations to our fellow- Ameri- 
cans of Brazil upon their great act of emancipation, which completed the abolition of 
slavery throughout the two American continents. We earnestly hope that we may 
soon congratulate our fellow^citizens of Irish birth upon the peaceful recovery of home 
rule for Ireland. 

We reaffirm our unswerving devotion to the national constitution and to the indis- 
soluble union of the states ; to the autonomy reserved to the states under the consti- 
tution ; to the personal rights and liberties of citizens in all the states and territories 
in the Union, and especially to the supreme and sovereign right of every lawful citi- 
zen, rich or poor, native or foreign born, white or black, to cast one free ballot in 
public elections, and to have that ballot duly counted. We hold the free and honest 
popular ballot and the just and equal representation of all the people to be the founda- 
tion of our republican government, and demand effective legislation to secure the in- 
tegrity and purity of elections, which are the fountains of all public authority. We 
charge that the present administration and the Democratic majority in Congress owe 
their existence to the suppression of the ballot by a criminal nullification of the con- 
stitution and laws of the United States. 

We are uncompromisingly in favor of the American system of protection ; we pro- 
test against its destruction as proposed by the President and his party. They serve 
the interests of Europe ; we will support the interests of America. We accept the issue, 
and confidently appeal to the people for their judgment. The protective system must be 
maintained. Its abandonment has always been followed by general disaster to all in- 
terests except those of the usurer and the sheriff. We denounce the Mills bill as de- 
structive to the general business, the labor, and the farming interests of the country, 
and we heartily indorse the consistent and patriotic action of the Republican repre- 
sentatives in Congress in opposing its passage. 

We condemn the proposition of the Democratic party to place wool on the free list, 
and we insist that the duties thereon shall be adjusted and maintained so as to furnish 
full and adequate protection to that industry throughout the United States. 

The Republican party would effect all needed reduction of the national revenue by 
repealing the taxes upon tobacco, which are an annoyance and burden to agriculture, 



83 

and the tax upon spirits used in the arts and for mechanical purposes, and by such 
revision of the tariff laws as will tend to check imports of such articles as are produced 
by our people, the production of which gives employment to our labor, and release 
from import duties those articles of foreign production (except luxuries) the like of 
which cannot be produced at home. If there shall still remain a larger revenue than 
is requisite for the wants of the government, we favor the entire repeal of internal 
taxes rather than the surrender of any part of our protective system at the joint behest 
of the whisky trusts and the agents of foreign manufactures. 

We declare our hostility to the introduction into this country of foreign contract 
labor and of Chinese labor, alien to our civilization and our constitution, and we de- 
mand the rigid enforcement of the existing laws against it, and favor such immediate 
legislation as will exclude such labor from our shores. 

We declare our opposition to all combinations of capital, organized in trusts or 
otherwise, to control arbitrarily the condition of trade among our citizens ; and we 
recommend to Congress and the state legislatures in their respective jurisdictions such 
legislation as will prevent the execution of all schemes to oppress the people by undue 
charges on their supplies, or by unjust rates for the transportation of their products 
to market. We approve the legislation by Congress to prevent alike unjust burdens 
and unfair discriminations between the states. 

We reaffirm the policy of appropriating the public lands of the United States to be 
homesteads for American citizens and settlers — not aliens — which the Kepublican 
party established in 1862 against the persistent opposition of the Democrats in Con- 
gress, and which has brought our great western domain into such magnificent develop- 
ment. The restoration of unearned railroad land grants to the public domain, for the 
use of actual settlers, which was begun under the administration of President Arthur, 
should be continued. We deny that the Democratic party has ever restored one acre 
to the people, but declare that by the joint action of the Kepublicans and Democrats 
in Congress about 60,000,000 of acres of unearned lands, originally granted for the 
construction of railroads, have been restored to the public domain, in pursuance of 
the conditions inserted by the Republican party in the original grants. We charge the 
Democratic administration with failure to execute laws securing to settlers titles to their 
homesteads, and with using appropriations made for that purpose to harass innocent 
settlers with spies and prosecutions, under the false pretense of exposing frauds and 
vindicating the law. 

The government by Congress of the territories is based upon necessity only, to the 
end that they may become states in the Union ; therefore, whenever the conditions of 
population, material resources, public intelligence, and morality are such as to insure 
a stable local government therein, the people of such territories should be permitted — 
as a right inherent in them — to form for themselves constitutions and state govern- 
ments and be admitted to the Union. Pending the preparation for statehood all offi- 
cers thereof should be selected from among the bona fide residents and citizens of the 
territories wherein they are to serve. 

South Dakota should of right be immediately admitted as a state in the Union, un- 
der the constitution framed and adopted by her people, and we heartily indorse the 
action of the Kepublican Senate in twice passing bills for her admission. The refusal 
of the Democratic House of Representatives, for partisan purposes, to favorably con- 
sider these bills is a willful violation of the sacred American principle of local self- 
-government, and merits the condemnation of all just men. The pending bills in the 
Senate to enable the people of Washington, North Dakota and Montana territories to 
form constitutions and establish state governments should be passed without unnec- 
essary delay. The Republican party pledges itself to do all in its power to facilitate 
the admission of the territories of New Mexico, Wyoming, Idaho, and Arizona to the 
enjoyment of self-government as states ; such of them as are now qualified as soon as 
possible, and the others as soon as they become so. 

The political power of the Mormon church in the territories as exercised in the past 
is a menace to free institutions — a danger no longer to be suffered. Therefore we 
pledge the Republican party to appropriate legislation asserting the sovereignty of the 
nation in all territories where the same is questioned, and in furtherance of that end 
to place upon the statute books legislation stringent enough to divorce the political 
from the ecclesiastical power, and thus stamp out the attendant wickedness of 
polygamy. 

The Republican party is in favor of the use of both gold and silver as money, and 
condemns the policy of the Democratic administration in its efforts to demonetize 
silver. 

We demand the reduction of letter postage to one cent per ounce. 

In a republic like ours, where the citizen is the sovereign and the official the servant, 
where no power is exercised except by the will of the people, it is important that the 
sovereign— the people — should possess intelligence. The free school is the promoter 



84 

of that intelligence which is to preserve us a free nation ; therefore the state or 
nation, or both combined, should support free institutions of learning, sufficient to 
afford to every child growing up in the land the opportunity of a good common 
school education. 

We earnestly recommend that prompt action be taken by Congress in the enactment 
of such legislation as will best secure the rehabilitation of our American merchant 
marine, and we protest against the passage by Congress of a free ship bill as calculated 
to work injustice to labor by lessening the wages of those engaged in preparing 
materials as well as those directly employed in our shipyards. 

We demand appropriations for the early rebuilding of our navy ; for the construc- 
tion of coast fortifications and modern ordnance and other approved modern means of 
defense for the protection of our defenseless harbors and cities : for the payment of 
just pensions to our soldiers ; for necessary works of national importance in the im- 
provement of harbors and the channels of internal, coastwise, and foreign commerce ; 
for the encouragement of the shipping interests of the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific 
States, as well as for the payment of the maturing debt. This policy will give em- 
ployment to our labor, activity to our various industries, increase the security of our 
country, promote trade, open new and direct markets for our produce, and cheapen 
the cost of transportation. We affirm this to be far better for our country than the 
Democratic policy of loaning the government's money without interest to " pet 
banks." 

The conduct of foreign affairs by the present administration has been distinguished 
by its inefficiency and its cowardice. Having withdrawn from the Senate all pending 
treaties effected by a Republican administration for the removal of foreign burdens 
and restrictions upon our commerce, and for its extension into better markets, it has 
neither effected nor proposed any others in their stead. Professing adherence to the 
Monroe doctrine, it has seen with idle complacency the extension of foreign influence 
in Central America and of foreign trade everywhere among our neighbors. It has- 
refused to charter, sanction, or encourage American organization for constructing the 
Nicaragua Canal, a work of vital importance to the maintenance of the Monroe doc- 
trine, and of our national influence in Central and South America, and necessary for 
the development of trade with our Pacific territory, with South America, and with the 
islands and further coasts of the Pacific Ocean. 

We arraign the present Democratic administration for its weak and unpatriotic 
treatment of the fisheries question and its pusillanimous surrender of the essential 
privileges to which our fishing vessels are entitled in Canadian ports under the treaty 
of 1818, the reciprocal maritime legislation of 1830, and the comity of nations, and which 
Canadian fishing vessels receive in the ports of the United States. We condemn the 
policy of the present administration and the Democratic majority in Congress toward 
our fisheries, as unfriendly and conspicuously unpatriotic, and as tending to destroy 
a valuable national industry, and an indispensable resource of defense against a for- 
eign enemy. 

The name of American applies alike to all citizens of the republic, and imposes 
upon all alike the same obligation of obedience to the laws. At the same time that 
citizenship is and must be the panoply and safeguard of him who wears it, and protect 
him, whether high or low, rich or poor, in all his civil rights. It should and must 
afford him protection at home, and follow and protect him abroad in whatever land he 
may be on a lawful errand. 

The men who abandoned the Republican party in 1884 and continued to adhere to the 
Democratic party have deserted not only the cause of honest government, of sound 
finance, of freedom and purity of ballot, but especially have deserted the cause of re- 
form in the civil service. We will not fail to keep our pledges because they have 
broken theirs, or because their candidate has broken his. We therefore repeat our 
declaration of 1884, to wit . 

" The reform of the civil service, auspiciously begun under the Republican admin- 
istration, should be completed by the further extension of the reform system already 
established by law, to all the grades of the service to which it is applicable. The 
spirit and purpose of the reform should be observed in all executive appointments, and 
all laws at variance with the object of existing reform legislation should be repealed, to 
the end that the dangers to free institutions which lurk in the power of official patron- 
age may be wisely and effectively avoided." 

The gratitude of the nation to the defenders of the Union cannot be measured by 
laws. The legislation of Congress should conform to the pledges made by a loyal peo- 
ple, and be so enlarged and extended as to provide against the possibility that any man 
who honorably wore the federal uniform shall become an inmate of an alms-house, or 
dependent upon private charity. In the presence of an overflowing treasury it would 
be a public scandal to do less for those whose valorous service preserved the govern- 
ment. We denounce the hostile spirit shown by President Cleveland in his numerous 



85 

vetoes of measures for pension relief, and the action of the Democratic House of Rep- 
resentatives in refusing even a consideration of general pension legislation. 

In support of the principles herewith enunciated, we invite the co-operation of 
patriotic men of all parties, and especially of all workingmen, whose prosperity is seri- 
ously threatened by the free-trade policy of the present administration. 

The report was adopted without debate or division. 

Just prior to the adjournment sine die of the convention, on June 
25, on motion of Mr. Charles A. Boutelle of Maine, the rules were 
suspended and the following resolution adopted to be added to the 
platform : 

The first concern of good government is the virtue and sobriety of the people and 
the purity of the home. The Republican party cordially sympathizes with all wise 
and well-directed'efforts for the promotion of temperance and morality. 

The roll of states was then called for the presentation of candi- 
dates for President, when the following names were presented : 

Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut, by Samuel Warner of Con- 
necticut. 

Walter Q. Gresham of Illinois, by Leonard Swett of Illinois. 

Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, by Richard W. Thompson of 
Indiana. 

The convention at 12.45 p. m. took a recess until 3 p. m. 

After the recess, 3 p. m., additional names were presented, viz : 

William B. Allison of Iowa, by William P. Hepburn of Iowa. 

Russell A. Alger of Michigan, by Robert E. Fraser of Michigan. 

Chauncey M. Depeav of New York, by Frank Hiscock of New York. 

John Sherman of Ohio, by D. H. Hastings of Pennsylvania. 

Edwin H. Fitler of Pennsylvania, by Charles Emory Smith of 
Pennsylvania. 

Jeremiah M. Rusk of Wisconsin, by John C. Spooner of Wisconsin. 

The convention then, at 7.25 p. m., adjourned. 

Fourth Day— Friday, June 28, 1888, 11 A. M. 

The convention proceeded at once to vote for a candidate for 
President, resulting as follows : 



86 



States and Territories. 


Votes. 


Alger. 


Allison 


Depew. 


Gresh- 
am. 


Harri- 
son. 


Sher- 
man. 


Blaine. 


Alabama 


20 

14 

Id 

6 

12 

6 

8 

' 24 

44 

30 

26 

18 

26 

16 

12 

16 

28 

26 

14 

18 

32 

10 

6 

8 

18 

72 

22 

46 

6 

60 

8 

18 

24 

26 

8 

24 

12 

22 

2 

10 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

6 

2 


6 




1 




• 1 
1 


12 
2 








1 












16 


Colorado 




1 




3 


2 














1 












6 
1 
2 






Florida 








1 

44 

1 


4 
19 








Illinois 


















29 










26 








Kansas 












1 




4 

2 

_3 




1 
1 
3 
1 
1 
...... 

1 
2 


5 
1 
1 

1 
2 

" ii* 

3 
11 

1 


4 


12 

9 
1 
5 
9 




Louisiana 


3 
2 
2 
2 




Maine 


2 
5 
4 




Maryland 


2 


Massachusetts 

Michigan 


6 

26 

1 


2 


Minnesota 




Mississippi 

Missouri 






14 
6 
3 




6 
3 
3 


3 
3 
3 


3 


1 


Nebraska 




Nevada 








New Hampshire 


4 




4 






New Jersev 












New York 






71 
I 


2 






1 


North Carolina 


2 




1 


15 

46 


1 


Ohio 






Oregon 

Pennsylvania 








4 


1 


1 


1 


" 8* 


5 


29 


2 


Rhode Island 








South Carolina 


3 
9 
2 


1 
2 






11 

7 

7 




Texas 


1 

7 


1 
5 


1 
1 
8 
5 
2 


3 

1 


Vermont 






Virginia 


3 

1 


3 




1 
2 


11 
5 




"West Virginia 




2 


Wisconsin 








Arizona 


2 
1 














Dakota 


1 


2 


1 


1 


1 


1 
2 


Idaho 




1 
1 




1 

1 








Montana 










New Mexico 


1 






1 




Utah 


2 
1 
2 










Washington 






3 


1 






Wyoming 
























Total 


832 


84 


72 


99 


107 


85 


229 


35 







Florida cast 3, Pennsylvania 18, South Carolina 2, and Dakota 1 
vote for Edwin H. Fitler ; Connecticut 12, and Dakota 1 vote for 
Joseph R. Hawley ; Arkansas 10, Kansas 17, and South Carolina 1 
vote for John J. Ingalls : New Jersey 18, Pennsylvania 5, Texas 1, 
and Washington 1 vote for William Walter Phelps of New Jersey ; 
Nebraska 1, Virginia 1, Wisconsin 22, and Dakota 1 vote for Jere- 
miah M. Rusk of Wisconsin ; Georgia 1 and Massachusetts 2 votes 
for Robert T. Lincoln, and Texas 2 votes for William McKinley. 



87 

The name of Mr. Fitler was then withdrawn, and the second roll- 
call resulted as follows : 

Sherman 249 Blaine.. 33 

Alger 116 Kusk 20 

Gresham 108 Phelps.. 18 

Depew 99 Ingalls 16 

Harrison 91 Lincoln 2 

Allison 75 McKinley 3 

A third ballot was then taken, on which Mr. Sherman lost 5, 
Gresham gained 15, Alger gained 6, Harrison gained 3, Depew 
lost 8, Allison gained 13, Blaine gained 2, Busk lost 2, McKinley 
gained 5, Phelps lost 13, and Ingalls was not voted for. A recess 
was then taken, at 1.59 p. m., until 7 p. m. 

After the recess, 7 p. m., Mr. Depew withdrew his name, and on 
motion of Mr. Hastings of Pennsylvania the convention, by yeas 531, 
nays 287 (roll-call), adjourned until Saturday, 10 a. m. 

Saturday, June 23, 1888, 10 A. M. 

The fourth ballot was then taken, resulting: 

Sherman 235 Blaine 42 

Harrison 216 McKinley 11 

Alger 135 Lincoln 1 

Gresham 98 Foraker 1 

Allison.. 88 Douglass 1 

The fifth ballot was then taken, resulting as follows : 

Sherman 224 Gresham 87 

Harrison 212 Blaine 48 

Alger 143 McKinley 14 

Allison 99 

And then, on motion of Mr. Charles Foster of Ohio, at 12 o'clock, 
the convention took a recess until 4 p. m. 

After the recess, 4 p. m., on motion of Mr. King of Maryland, 
the convention (at 4.26 p. m.) by yeas 492, nays 320 (roll-call), 
adjourned until Monday, at 11 a. m. 

Sixth Day— Monday, June 25, 1888, 11 A. M. 

Before proceeding to another ballot Mr. Charles A. Boutelle of 
Maine, as a question of privilege, presented and read to the con- 
vention the following cablegrams : 

Edinburgh, June 24. 
To Boutelle and Manley, Maine Delegation, Chicago : Earnestly request all friends 
to respect my Paris letter. Blaine. 

Edinburgh, June 25. 
(Same address) : I think I have the right to ask my friends to respect my wishes 
and refrain from voting for me. Please make this and former dispatch public 
promptly. James G. Blaine. 



88 



The sixth ballot was then taken, resulting as follows 



Sherman 244 

Harrison 231 

Alger 137 

Gresham 91 



Allison 73 

Blaine 40 

McKinley 12 

Joseph B . Foraker and Fred Grant, each 1 . 



The seventh ballot was then taken, with the following result : 

Harrison 279 Allison 76 

Sherman 230 McKinley 16 

Alger 120 Blaine 15 

Gresham 91 Lincoln 2 

Foraker and Haymond one each. 



Prior to taking the eighth ballot, Mr. Henderson of 
question of privilege, withdrew the name of William 
The vote was then taken, with the following result : 



Iowa, as a 
B. Allison. 



States. 


Votes. 


Alger. 


Gresham. 


Harrison. 


Sherman. 




20 
14 
16 

6 
12 

6 

8 
24 
44 
30 
26 
18 
26 
16 
12 
16 
28 
26 
14 
18 
32 
10 

6 

8 
18 
72 
22 
46 

6 
60 
* 8 
18 
24 
26 

8 
24 
12 
22 


10 
14 




3 


5 


Arkansas 






California 




15 

6 

12 

6 

2 

10 

4 

29 

22 

16 

15 

9 

5 

11 

25 




Colorado .... 









Connecticut 









Delaware , 








Florida 


4 
3 




2 


Georgia 


1 

40 

1 

3 


9 


Illinois 




Indiana 






1 

1 
1 
4 




Iowa 




Kansas 




Kentucky 


2 


7 


Louisiana 


3 


Maine 


1 


3 


Maryland 




4 


Massachusetts 


1 
26 




2 


Michigan 






Minnesota 




13 

4 

7 

9 

4 

8 

18 

72 

8 

1 

6 

59 

8 

4 

20 

26 

8 

15 

12 

22 

30 




Mississippi 


3 

8 


11 


Missouri 


15 
1 
2 


2 


Nebraska 




Nevada 






New Hampshire 






New Jersey 








New York 








North Carolina 


3 




11 


Ohio 




45 


Oregon 








Pennsylvania 






1 


Khode Island 








South Carolina 


10 
3 




4 


Tennessee 






Texas 






Vermont 








Virginia 






9 


West Virginia 








Wisconsin 









Territories 


















Total 




100 


59 


544 


118 












89 
The chair thereupon announced the state of the vote as follows : 

Harrison 544 Gresham 59 

Sherman 118 Blaine 5 

Alger 100 McKinley ' 4 

Mr. Blaine received 2 votes from Alabama, 1 from Colorado, 1 
from Kentucky, and 1 from Maryland. Mr. McKinley received 1 
vote from Kansas and 3 from Maine. 

A motion for a recess was rejected and the roll of states called 
for the presentation of names of candidates for Vice-President of 
the United States, when the following names were presented : 

William O. Bradley of Kentucky, by Mr. George Denny of that 
state. 

After speeches. seconding said nomination, a recess was taken until 
6 p. m. 

After the recess, 6 p. m., the names of the following additional 
candidates for Vice-President were then presented : 

William Walter Phelps of New Jersey, by William J. Sewell of 
that state. 

Levi P. Morton of New York, by Warner Miller of that state. 

The convention then proceeded to a ballot, resulting as follows : 

States. Bradley. Morton. Phelps 

Alabama , 

Arkansas , 

California , 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 3 11 2 

Maine 7 5 

Maryland 1 12 3 

Massachusetts , 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 3 5 3 

Missouri 5 25 2 

Nebraska 5 5 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina 14 5 

Ohio 8 30 8 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee , 

Texas 15 

Vermont , 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Bradley. 


Morto 


5 


15 




14 




13 




6 




12 




6 


4 


4 


18 


1 


2 


27 




30 


2 


10 


1 


17 


25 




3 


11 




7 


1 


12 




28 


9 


15 




14 


3 


5 


5 


25 




5 




6 




7 




"*72 




14 


8 


30 




6 




52 




8 




17 


11 


9 




10 




8 


2 


17 




12 


1 


18 



90 

The vote of the territorial delegates (30) was cast for Mr. Morton, 
save one delegate from Washington, who voted for Mr. Phelps. 
Fdur votes from Georgia and seven from Mississippi were cast for 
B. K. Bruce of Mississippi, and one vote (from Texas) was cast for 
Mr. Walter S. Thomas. 

The result of the vote was then announced as follows : 

Levi P. Morton 592 Blanche K. Bruce 11 

William Walter Phelps 119 Walter S. Thomas 1 

William O. Bradley 103 

The nominations were respectively made unanimous, and a com- 
mittee of notification appointed. 

The convention then adjourned. 

Senator Matthew S. Quay of Pennsylvania was elected chairman 
and Joseph H. Manley of Maine secretary of the National Com- 
mittee. 

The Fifteenth National Convention of the Democratic party met 
at St. Louis, Mo., June 5-7, and nominated Grover Cleveland of 
New York for President, and Allen G. Thurman of Ohio for Vice- 
President. 

The Prohibition Convention was held at Indianapolis on May 31, 
and nominated Clinton B. Fisk of New Jersey for President, and 
John A. Brooks of Missouri for Vice-President. 

The Union Labor Convention was held at Cincinnati on May 16, 
and nominated Andrew J. Streeter of Illinois for President, and 
Charles L. Cunningham of Arkansas for Vice-President ; and on the 
same day the United Labor Convention, in the same city, nominated 
Robert H. Cowdrey of Illinois and W. H. T. Wakefield of Kansas 
for the same offices. 

The tariff was the great issue of the campaign. The Democrats 
stood on the lines of the " Mills bill " endorsed in their platform, 
while the Republicans stood by their protective plank and favored 
sweeping away the internal revenue system rather than surrender a 
point as to their declaration of being " uncompromisingly in favor 
of the American system of protection." The Murchison-Sackville- 
West correspondence confirmed the Republican declaration that 
Mr. Cleveland's election was desired by England or English interests, 
and Lord Sackville's recall did not stem the tide of public opinion 
in that respect. 

The popular and electoral votes were as follows : 



91 



Popular Vote-18S8. 



States. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas.. 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire.. 

New elersey 

New York 

North Carolina.. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina.. . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 



Harrison, 
Republican. 



57,197 

58, 752 

124,816 

50, 774 

74, 584 

12,973 

26, 659 

40, 446 

370, 475 

263, 361 

211,958 

182, 904 

155, 134 

30, 701 

73. 734 

99, 986 

183, 892 

236, 387 

142, 492 

30, 096 

236,253 

108, 425 

7,238 

45, 728 

144, 360 

650, 338 

134, 784 

416, 054 

33,291 

523,585 

21,969 

13, 740 

138, 988 

88, 280 

45, 192 

150. 438 

78, 171 

176,553 



Cleveland, 
Democrat. 



117,320 

85,962 

117, 729 

37, 567 

74, 920 

16,414 

39,561 

100. 449 

348, 371 

261,013 

179, 877 

102. 745 

183. 800 

85, 026 

50, 482 

106, 168 

151,855 

213. 469 

104, 385 

85,471 

261,954 

80, 552 

5,326 

43, 456 

151. 508 

635, 965 

147, 902 

396, 455 

26, 522 

444, 327 

17, 530 

65, 825 

158, 779 

234, 883 

16, 788 

151,977 

78, 677 

155, 232 



Streeter, 
Unit. Lab. 



10.613 



1,266 
240 



7,134 

2,694 

9,105 

37, 788 



39 
1,345 



4,555 ! 

1,097 : 

222 ! 

18,589 '■ 
4,226 



42 j 



626 



3,496 
363 

3,877 



Fisk. 
Prohib. 



29,459 



1,508 
8, 552 



Total 5,440,708 5,536,242 146,836 



1, 
21, 
9, 
3, 
6, 
5, 

2, 

4, 

8, 

20, 

15, 

4, 
9, 

1, 

7, 

30. 



593 
614 
761 
191 
234 
404 
403 
808 
703 
881 
550 
779 
225 
127 
690 
767 
701 
945 
311 
218 
540 
429 
41 
593 
933 
231 



24, 

1, 

20, 

1, 



356 
677 
708 
251 



5. 
4. 
1. 

1. 

1. 
14. 



969 
749 
459 

678 
084 

277 



246, 876 



Electoral Vote. 



Harrison. Cleveland. 



22 

15 

13 

9 



6 . 



36 



23 
3 

30 
4 



11 



233 



10 
7 



3 

4 

12 



13 



9 
16 



11 



9 
12 
13 



12 

6 



168 



TENTH NATIONAL CONVENTION 

Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 7-10, 1892. 



HARRISON and REID. 



The Tenth National Convention of the Republican party was 
called to order at 12.15 p. m., in Exposition Hall, at Minneapolis, 
Minnesota, on Tuesday, June 7, 1892, by Mr. James S. Clarkson, of 
Iowa, chairman of the National Committee, who, under instruction of 
said committee, recommended the appointment of Mr. J. Sloat Fas- 
sett of New York as temporary chairman, who was duly elected. 
Several secretaries, assistants, etc., were then named, after which 
General William J. Sewell of New Jersey submitted the following 
resolution, which was adopted : 

Resolved, That the roll of states and territories be now called, and that the chair- 
man of each delegation announce the names of the persons selected to serve on the 
several committees, as follows, viz : Permanent Organization; Rules and Order of 
Business; Credentials, and Resolutions. 

The roll was then called and said committees constituted. 

The chair, prior to the adoption of the foregoing resolution, stated 
that without objection the convention would be governed by the 
rules of the preceding Republican national convention. 

The convention then adjourned (at 1.55 p. m.) until 11 a. m. the 
following day. 

Second Day — Wednesday, June 8. 

Mr. C. B. Lockwood of Idaho, from the Committee on Permanent 
Organization, made a report recommending Governor William 
McKinley, Jr., of Ohio, for permanent president, and Charles W. 
Johnson of Minnesota for secretary, and the temporary secretaries, 
etc., to be permanent, which report was adopted. 

Representative Henry H. Bingham of Pennsylvania, from the 

Committee on Rules and Order of Business, submitted a code of rules 

for the government of the convention, which is herewith given in 

full, as a matter of convenient reference, viz : 

Rule 1. The convention shall consist of a number of delegates from each state 
equal to double the number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress, six dele- 
gates from the territory of New Mexico, two from each of the remaining territories, 
and two from the District of Columbia. 



93 

Kule 2. The rules of the House of Representatives of the Fifty-first Congress shall 
be the rules of the convention so far as they are applicable and not inconsistent with 
the following rules. 

Rule 3. When the previous question shall be demanded by a majority of the dele- 
gates from any state, and the demand seconded by two or more states, and the call 
sustained by a majority of the convention, the question shall then be proceeded with 
and disposed of according to the rules of the House of Representatives in similar 
cases. 

Rule 4. It shall be in order to lay on the table a proposed amendment to a pending 
measure, and such motion, if adopted, shall not carry with it or prejudice such 
measure. 

Rule 5. Upon all subjects before the convention, the states shall be called in alpha- 
betical order and next the territories and District of Columbia. 

Rule 6. The report of the Committee on Credentials shall be disposed of before the 
report of the Committee on Resolutions is acted upon, and the Committee on Resolu- 
tions shall be disposed of before the convention proceeds to the nomination of candi- 
dates for President and Vice-President. 

Rule 7. When a majority of the delegates of any two states shall demand that a vote 
be recorded, the same shall be taken by states, territories, and the District of Co- 
lumbia, the secretary calling the roll of the states and territories and the District of 
Columbia in the order heretofore stated. 

Rule 8. In making the nominations for President and Vice-President, in no case 
shall the calling of the roll be dispensed with. When it appears at the close of any 
roll-call that any candidate has received a majority of all the votes to which the con- 
vention is entitled, the president of the convention shall announce the question to be : 
" Shall the nomination of the candidate be made unanimous ? " But if no candidate 
shall have received such majority, the chair shall direct the vote to be taken again, 
which shall be repeated until some candidate shall have received a majority of the 
votes ; and when any state has announced its vote it shall so stand unless in case of 
numerical error. 

Rule 9. In the record of the votes by states, the vote of each state, territory, and 
District of Columbia shall be announced by the chairman ; and in case the vote of 
any state, territory, or District of Columbia shall be divided, the chairman shall an- 
nounce the number of votes cast for any candidate, or for or against any proposition ; 
but, if exception is taken by any delegate to the correctness of such announcement 
by the chairman of his delegation, the president of the convention shall direct the roll 
of members of such delegation to be called, and the result shall be recorded in ac- 
cordance with the votes individually given. 

Rule 10. No member shall speak more than once upon the same question, nor longer 
than five minutes, unless by leave of the convention, except in the presentation of the 
names of candidates. 

Rule 11. A Republican National Committee shall be appointed, to consist of one 
member from each state, territory, and District of Columbia. The roll shall be called, 
and the delegation from each state, territory, and District of Columbia shall name, 
through its chairman, a person who shall act as a member of such committee. Such 
committee shall issue the call for the meeting of the national convention six months, 
at least, before the time fixed for said meeting, and each Congressional district in the 
United States shall elect its delegates to the national convention in the same way as 
the nomination for a member of Congress is made in said district, and in territories 
the delegates to the convention shall be elected in the same way as a nomination of a 
delegate to Congress is made, and said national committee shall prescribe the mode 
for selecting the delegates for the District of Columbia. An alternate delegate for 
each delegate to the national convention, to act in case of the absence of the delegate, 
shall be elected in the same manner and at the same time as the delegate is elected. 
Delegates at large for each state, and their alternates, shall be elected by state con- 
ventions in their respective states. 

Rule 12. The Republican National Committee is authorized and empowered to 
select an Executive Committee, to consist of nine members, who may or may not be 
members of the National Committee. 

Rule 13. All resolutions relating to the platform shall be referred to the Committee 
on Resolutions without debate. 

Rule 14. No persons, except members of the several delegations and officers of the 
convention, shall be admitted to that section of the hall apportioned to delegates. 

Rule 15. The convention shall proceed in the following order of business : 

First. Report of the Committee on Credentials. 

Second. Report of the Committee on Permanent Organization. 

Third. Report of the Committee on Resolutions. 

Fourth. Naming members of National Committee. 



94 



Fifth. Presentation of candidates for President. 
Sixth. Balloting. 

Seventh. Presentation of candidates for Vice-President. 
Eighth. Balloting. 



The Committee on Resolutions was then granted further time in 
which to report. The roll of states and territories was then called 
for members of the National Committee, after which the convention 
adjourned until 11 o'clock a. m. the following day. 

Third Day — Thursday, June 9, 1892. 

The Committee on Credentials, through General William Cogswell 
of Massachusetts, its chairman, reported progress and that it would 
be able to report at 8 p. m. The convention, on motion of General 
W. J. Sewell of New Jersey, then took a recess until that hour. 

After the recess — 8 P. M. 

Mr. Cogswell, from the Committee on Credentials, made a verbal 
report. He stated that the committee had heard parties in twenty- 
four contested cases, and it recommended that the list submitted by 
the National Committee to the temporary organization be accepted 
as the list of duly accredited delegates and alternates, except in the 
following cases : In the Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Eighth Ala- 
bama districts, the committee reported in favor of the sitting 
members and that they retain their seats. 

In the Ninth Alabama district the committee reported in favor of 
the contestants, Robert L. Houston and Alexr. L. Mathews. As to 
the contest for delegates at large from Alabama, the committee rec- 
ommended that the contestants, Stephen N. Noble, Wm. H. Smith, 
Cornelius N. Dorsettle, and Anderson N. McEwen, be given seats. 

In the Sixth Kentucky district the committee reported that the 
contestants, T. B. Matthews and M. Winstell, be given seats. 

In the state of Louisiana the committee reported in favor of 
the sitting members, William Pitt Kellogg, Robert F. Guichard, 
Andrew Hero, Jr., and James M. Vance as delegates at large ; in the 
First district, in favor of the contestants ; in the Second and Fourth 
districts, in favor of the sitting members, and in the Sixth district, 
in favor of the contestants. 

In the Fourth Maryland, in favor of the contestants. 

In Mississippi the committee recommended that the regular dele- 
gates and contestants be seated, each with half a vote. 

In the Seventh Mississippi, in favor of the sitting members. 

In North Carolina, as to delegates at large, in favor of the sitting 
members. 



95 

In the Fourth North Carolina, in favor of John Nichols, the con- 
testant. 

In the Sixth North Carolina district, in favor of the sitting mem- 
ber. 

In the Seventh North Carolina district the committee recommended 
that Messrs. Zebulon V. Walser, Win. A. Bailey, and J. J. Mott be 
seated with the right to two-thirds of a vote each. 

In the state of Texas the committee reported in favor of the sit- 
ting members. 

In the District of Columbia the committee reported in favor of 
the sitting members. 

In Utah Territory the committee recommended that the sitting 
members and the two contestants, Messrs. Goodwin and Walling, be 
seated with the right of one-half a vote each. 

The committee also reported that if the convention should decide 
that the Indian Territory and Alaska were entitled to seats, it would 
report upon the claims of those purporting to be delegates. Mr. 
William C. Wallace of New York, on behalf of the minority, sub- 
mitted a partial report, signed by himself and David H. Lane of 
Pennsylvania, J. M. Green of South Dakota, J. T. Settle of Tennes- 
see, M. W. Stewart of Arizona, Andrew Gleason of the District of 
Columbia, F. B. Brandagee of Connecticut, A. T. Bliss of Michigan, 
W. E. Cramer of Ohio, J. M. Shoup of Idaho, B. Clark Wheeler of 
Colorado, R. C. Dunn of Minnesota, A. E. Smith of Wisconsin, F. 
A. Cage of Louisiana, and Daniel N. Cooper of Alabama, reviewing 
the contest from the state of Alabama for delegates at large and from 
the Ninth district. After reciting the facts in said cases, the minority 
reported that B. M. Lang, William Yaughan, Iverson Dawson, and 
H. Y. Cashin were the duly elected delegates at large from Alabama, 
and that in the Ninth district James W. Hughes and W. Harvey 
were elected delegates, and recommended that their names be placed 
on the permanent roll of the convention. 

Mr. Frank J. Cannon submitted a further minority report in re- 
spect to Utah, signed by O. J. Salisbury of Utah and Frank W. 
Mundell of Wyoming, in favor of seating O. J. Salisbury and Frank 
J. Cannon as delegates from Utah. After debate, the previous ques- 
tion was ordered, and under its operation the report of the commit- 
tee as to uncontested seats was agreed to. The question was then 
put on the adoption of the minority report submitted by Mr. Wal- 
lace as a substitute for the report of the committee. The state of 
Alabama was reported as ayes 17, nays 5. The question of order 
was raised by Messrs. Hiscock and Depew of New York, that as the 



96 

majority report turned out nine of the delegates placed on the roll 
by the National Committee and put in nine others, the sitting. dele- 
gates had no right to vote on the pending question. The chair (Gov- 
ernor McKinley) stated that, as he understood it, every delegate in 
the convention seated by the National Committee was entitled to the 
privileges of the convention " until by a majority vote he shall 
have been unseated, and these men have not yet been unseated." 
The chair further stated that a more serious question was whether a 
delegate could vote in his own case. The chair also stated that the 
convention was proceeding under the rules of the 51st Congress (so 
far as applicable to a National Convention), one of which, Rule 8, 
provided that " every member shall be present within the hall dur- 
ing its sittings, and shall vote on each question put, unless, on motion 
made before division or the commencement of the roll-call and de- 
cided without debate, he shall be excused, or unless he has a direct 
personal or pecuniary interest in the event of such question." 

After discussion of the question, Mr. Richard W. Austin of Ala- 
bama withdrew six votes, including the four delegates at large, from 
that state. The chair then announced that the delegates at large 
would be entitled to vote on the contest as to district delegates, and 
the district delegates would be entitled to vote on the contest as to 
delegates at large. 

The roll-call being completed, the chair announced that on the mo- 
tion to substitute the minority for the majority report in the Alabama 
case as to the delegates at large, the yeas were 423^ and the nays 
463. A motion to adjourn was lost, and the question being put on 
the adoption of the majority report, the roll was called (on demand 
of Mr. Quay of Pennsylvania), resulting yeas 475, nays 365^. Mr. 
Joseph B. Foraker, from the Committee on Resolutions, then sub- 
mitted the following report : 

PLATFOKM. 

The representatives of the Republicans of the United States, assembled in general 
convention on the shores of the Mississippi river, the everlasting bond of an inde- 
structible republic, whose most glorious chapter of history is the record of the Repub- 
lican party, congratulate their countrymen on the majestic march of the nation under 
the banners inscribed with the principles of our platform of 1888, vindicated by vic- 
tory at the polls and prosperity in our fields, workshops, and mines, and make the 
following declaration of principles : 

We reaffirm the American doctrine of protection. We call attention to its growth 
abroad. We maintain that the prosperous condition of our country is largely due to 
the wise revenue legislation of the Republican Congress. 

We believe that all articles which cannot be produced in the United States, except 
luxuries, should be admitted free of duty, and that on all imports coming into compe- 
tition with the products of American labor there should be levied duties equal to the 
difference between wages abroad and at home. We assert that the price of manu- 
factured articles of general consumption have been reduced under the operations of 
the tariff act of 1890. 



97 

We denounce the efforts of the Democratic majority of the House of Representa- 
tives to destroy our tariff laws by piecemeal, as is manifested by their attacks upon 
wool, lead and lead ores, the chief products of a number of states, and we ask the 
people for their judgment thereon. 

We point to the success of the Eepublican policy of reciprocity, under which our 
export trade has vastly increased and new and enlarged markets have been opened 
for the products of our farms and workshops. We remind the people of the bitter 
opposition of the Democratic party to this practical business measure, and claim that, 
executed by Eepublican administration, our present laws will eventually give us con- 
trol of the trade of the world. 

The American people, from tradition and interest, favor bimetallism, and the Ee- 
publican party demands the use of both gold and silver as a standard money, with such 
restrictions and under such provisions, to be determined by legislation, as will secure 
the maintenance of the parity of values of the two metals, so that the purchasing and 
debt-paying power of the dollar, whether of silver, gold, or paper, shall be at all 
times equal. The interests of the producers of the country, its farmers and its work- 
ingmen, demand that every dollar, paper or coin, issued by the government shall be 
as good as any other. 

We commend the wise and patriotic steps already taken by our government to 
secure an international conference, to adopt such measures as will insure a parity of 
value between gold and silver for use as money throughout the world. 

We demand that every citizen of the United States shall be allowed to cast one free 
and unrestricted ballot in all public elections, and that such ballot shall be counted 
and returned as cast ; that such laws shall be enacted and enforced as will secure to 
every citizen, be he rich or poor, native or foreign born, white or black, this sovereign 
right, guaranteed by the constitution. The free and honest popular ballot, the just 
and equal representation of all the people, as well as their just and equal protection 
wnder the laws, are the foundation of our Eepublican institutions, and the party will 
never relax its efforts until the integrity of the ballot and the purity of elections shall 
be fully guaranteed and protected in every state. 

We denounce the continued inhuman outrages perpetrated upon American citizens 
for political reasons in certain southern states of the union. 

We favor the extension of our foreign commerce, the restoration of our merchant 
marine by home-built ships, and the creation of a navy for the protection of our 
national interests and the honor of our flag ; the maintenance of the most friendly 
relations with all foreign powers, entangling alliances with none ; and the protection 
of the rights of our fishermen. 

We reaffirm our approval of the Monroe doctrine, and believe in the achievement of 
the manifest destiny of the Eepublic in its broadest sense. 

We favor the enactment of more stringent laws and regulations for the restriction 
of criminal, pauper, and contract immigration. 

We favor efficient legislation by Congress to protect the life and limb of employes 
of transportation companies engaged in carrying on interstate commerce, and recom- 
mend legislation by the respective states that will protect employes engaged in state 
commerce, in mining and in manufacturing. 

The Eepublican party has always been the champion of the oppressed, and recog- 
nizes the dignity of manhood, irrespective of faith, color or nationality ; it sympathizes 
with the cause of home rule in Ireland, and protests against the persecution of the 
Jews in Eussia. 

The ultimate reliance of free popular government is the intelligence of the people, 
and the maintenance of freedom among men. We therefore declare anew our devotion 
to liberty of thought and conscience, of speech and press, and approve all agencies 
and instrumentalities which contribute to the education of the children of the land ; 
but, while insisting upon the fullest measure of religious liberty, we are opposed to 
any union of church and state. 

We reaffirm our opposition, declared in the Eepublican platform of 1888, to all 
combinations of capital, organized in trusts or otherwise, to control arbitrarily the 
condition of trade among our citizens. We heartily indorse the action already taken 
upon this subject, and ask for such further legislation as may be required to remedy 
any defects in existing laws, and to render their enforcement more complete and 
effective 

We approve the policy of extending to towns, villages, and rural communities the 
advantages of the free delivery service now enjoyed by the larger cities of the country, 
and reaffirm the declaration contained in the Eepublican platform of 1888 pledging 
the reduction of letter postage to one cent at the earliest possible moment consistent 
with the maintenance of the post-office department and the highest class of postal 
service. 

We commend the spirit and evidence of reform in the civil service, and the wise and 
consistent enforcement by the Eepublican party of the laws regulating the same. 



98 

The construction of the Nicaragua canal is of the highest importance to the Ameri- 
can people, both as a measure of national defense and to build up and maintain Amer- 
ican commerce, and it should be controlled by the United States G-overnment. 

We favor the admission of the remaining territories at the earliest practicable date, 
having due regard to the interests of the people of the territories and of the United 
States. All the federal officers appointed for the territories should be selected from 
bona fide residents thereof, and the right of self-government should be accorded as far 
as practicable. 

We favor cession, subject to the homstead laws, of the arid public lands, to the states 
and territories in which they lie, under such congressional restrictions as to disposi- 
tion, reclamation, and occupancy, by settlers, as will secure the maximum benefits to 
the people. 

The World's Columbian Exposition is a great national undertaking, and Congress 
should promptly enact such reasonable legislation in aid thereof as will insure a dis- 
charge of the expenses and obligations incident thereto, and the attainment of results 
commensurate with the dignity and progress of the nation. 

We sympathize with all wise and legitimate efforts to lessen and prevent the evils of 
intemperance and promote morality. 

Ever mindful of the services and sacrifices of the men who saved the life of the 
nation, we pledge anew to the veteran soldiers of the Kepublic a watchful care and 
recognition of their just claims upon a grateful people. 

We commend the able, patriotic, and thoroughly American administration of Pres- 
ident Harrison. Under it the country has enjoyed remarkable prosperity, and the 
dignity and honor of the nation, at home and abroad, have been faithfully maintained, 
and we offer the record of pledges kept as a guarantee of faithful performance in the 
future. 

The report was adopted without debate or division, after which 
the convention adjourned until the following day (Friday), at 11 
a. m. 

Fourth Day — Friday, June 10, 1892. 

The report of the Committee on Credentials as to the Ninth Ala- 
bama district was then adopted without division. The report of the 
committee on the Utah contest was then adopted. 

On motion, two delegates each from Alaska and the Indian Territory 
were then admitted, and the Committee on Credentials made a report 
naming the delegates entitled to seats, which report was adopted. 

The roll of states was then called for presentation of the names 
of candidates for President. When Colorado was called, Senator 
Edward O. Wolcott presented the name of James G. Blaine of Maine, 
and the name of Benjamin Harrison of Indiana was presented by 
Bichard W. Thompson of that state. No other names being pre- 
sented, the convention proceeded, after seconding speeches, to a 
ballot. When the State of Ohio was called, its vote was an- 
nounced as 2 for Harrison, and 44 for McKinley. The chairman 
(Governor McKinley) challenged the accuracy of the vote. Mr. 
Joseph B. Foraker, and Mr. Jacob A. Ambler of Ohio, made the 
point of order that by reason of his occupancy of the chair, Gov- 
ernor McKinley ceased to be a member of the Ohio delegation, and 
that his alternate was acting in his place, which point of order was 
overruled by Chairman McKinley, who directed the secretary to call 
the roll of Ohio, on which he voted for General Harrison, the 






99 

remaining (45) votes being cast for McKinley. The call pro- 
ceeded as far as Texas, and the announcement was made that 
22 of the 30 votes of that state were cast for Benjamin Harrison, 
when the chairman, — having called Mr. Elliott F. Shepard of 
New York to the chair, — took the floor and moved that the 
rules be suspended and Benjamin Harrison be nominated for 
President by acclamation. Mr. Wolcott made the point of order 
that the motion was not in order, as the call of the roll of states was 
in progress and could not be interrupted. Mr. C. B. Hart of West 
Virginia made the additional point of order that every delegate had 
the right to vote and desired to do so. The chair (under the advice 
of the secretary of the convention, Mr. Charles W. Johnson, then chief 
clerk of the Senate) held the motion to be in order under the rules 
of the House of Representatives of the Fifty-first Congress. At this 
point Governor McKinley withdrew his motion and the roll-call was 
concluded, resulting as follows : 



100 



STATES. 


No of 
Dele- 
gates. 


Harri- 
son. 


Blaine. 


Mc- 

Kinley. 


Alabama 


22 
16 
18 

8 
12 

6 

8 
26 

6 
48 
30 
26 
20 
26 
16 
12 
16 
30 
28 
18 
18 
34 

6 
16 

6 

8 
20 
72 

6 
22 
46 

8 
64 

8 
18 

8 
24 
30 

8 
24 

8 
12 
24 

6 

2 
2 
2 
2 
6 
2 
2 


15 
15 

8 




7 


Arkansas 




1 


California 

Colorado 


9 
8 


1 


Connecticut , 


4 
4 

8 
26 


8 


Delaware 


1 


1 


Florida 




Georgia 






Idaho 


6 
14 




Illinois 


34 

30 
20 
11 
22 

8 




Indiana 




Iowa ';.. 


5 


1 


Kansas 


9 




2 

8 
12 


1 


Louisiana 








Maryland 


14 

18 

7 
8 

28 

5 

15 

" 4'" 
18 

27- 
2 

17f 

1 

1 
19 

1 
13 

8 
17 
22 

8 

9 

1 
12 
19 

4 

2 

1 
1 
2 
6 
2 


2 




1 
2 

9 

4 

1 


11 


Michigan 


19 




1 


Mississippi 




Montana 


2 




1 


Nevada 


6 

2 

2 

35 

4 

n 








New Jersey 




North Dakota 


10 




1 


Ohio 


45 




7 


Pennsylvania 


3 
5 
3 


42 




1 


South Carolina 


2 






Tennessee 


4 

6 


3 






Vermont 






13 

6 


2 


Washington 


1 






Wisconsin 


2 
2 


3 






Alaska 






1 
1 




Indian Territory 








New Mexico 








2 




District of Columbia 










Total , 


905 


535£ 


182* 


182 







Four votes were cast for Thomas B. Reed (viz : 1 from New 
Hampshire, 1 from Rhode Island and 2 from Texas;, and 1 vote was 
cast (from New Hampshire) for Robert T. Lincoln. 



101 

Total number of delegates 905 

Necessary to a choice 453 

Benjamin Harrison of Indiana 535£ 

James G. Blaine of Maine 182£ 

William McKinley of Ohio 182 

Thomas B. Reed of Maine 4. 

Robert T. Lincoln of Illinois 1 

Absent or not voting 2 

The nomination was then made unanimous, after which the con- 
vention (at 4.45) took a recess until 8 p. m. 

Aftee the Recess, 8 P. M. 
The roll of states was then called for the presentation of names of 
candidates for Yice-President. When New York was reached, the 
name of Whitelaw Reid of that state was presented by Edmund 
O'Connor. When Tennessee was reached, Mr. J. T. Settle presented 
the name of Thomas B. Reed of Maine. On motion of Mr. John 
R. Hutchinson of West Virginia (the call having been completed), 
the rules were suspended and Whitelaw Reid declared nominated by 
acclamation. Mr. Chauncey M. Depew submitted the following res- 
olution, which was unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That in the organization of the American Republican College League, an 
event significant in American politics, the young Republicans of the colleges and 
universities of the nation have merited our congratulations and highest commenda- 
tion, and we welcome them to the ranks of the party in an active participation in the 
affairs of state. 

After the transaction of some routine business, the convention 
adjourned sine die. 

Thomas H. Carter of Montana was elected Chairman and Louis 
E. McComas of Maryland Secretary of the National Committee. 

The' Democratic National Convention was held at Chicago, June 
21, 22, 1892, and nominated Grover Cleveland of New York on the 
first ballot, which resulted as follows : Whole number of votes, 909J. 
Necessary for a choice (two-thirds), 607 ; Grover Cleveland, 617J 
David B. Hill of New York, 114 ; Horace Boies of Iowa, 103 ; Ar- 
thur P. Gorman of Maryland, 36-J ; Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois, 
16f ; John G. Carlisle of Kentucky, 14 ; and 8 scattering votes. 
Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois was then nominated for Yice-President. 

The National Prohibition party met at Cincinnati on June 29th, 
and nominated John Bidwell of California for President, and J. B. 
Cranfill of Texas for Yice-President. 

The People's party held a convention at Omaha, Nebraska, on 
July 2d, and on July 4th nominated James B. Weaver of Iowa for 
President, and James G. Field of Yirginia for Yice-President. 

The popular and electoral votes cast were as follows : 



102 



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INDEX 



Page. 

Abolition Party, convention and history of 3, 4 

Abolitionists, reference to 9 

Adams, Sr., Charles Francis, of Massachusetts, president of Free Soil con- 
vention of 1848 5 

Adams, Jr., Charles Francis, of Massachusetts, nominated for Vice-Presi- 
dent by " Straight " Democratic convention and declined same, 1872 39 

Adjournment, resolution adopted that, should not work a dissolution of the 

convention, 1868 32 

African Slave Trade, reopening of, crime against humanity, 1860 17 

Congress called on to suppress the, 1860 , 17 

Agriculture, declaration that, should receive remunerative prices in fixing 

tariff rates or duties, 1860 17 

Alabama contest, 1880 55, 56, 58 

contest, 1892 94, 95, 96 

Alaska, delegates from, admitted, 1892 98 

Alger, Kussell A., of Michigan, name presented for President, 1888 85 

Aliens, opposed to, acquiring or holding large tracts of public lands, 1884 72 

Allegiance, as to doctrine of Great Britain and other European powers con- 
cerning, 1872 37 

Republicans renew, to principles upon which they have triumphed in six 

presidential elections, 1884 71 

Alliances, opposed to entangling, &c, 1884 72 

Allison, William B., of Iowa, teller on part of Senate, disputed electoral 

vote of 1876 52 

name presented for President, 1888 85 

name of, withdrawn 87 

Ambler, Jacob A., of Ohio, question of order, 1892 98 

Amendments to Constitution should be sustained, 1872 37 

Ames, Oliver, of Massachusetts, chairman of Committee on Rules and Order 

of Business, 1872 35 

submits report 35 

America, Republican party best serves interests of, 1888 82 

American, name of, should protect him at home and abroad, 1888 84 

American Affairs, foreign nations must not meddle with, 1884 72 

American Citizen, highest duty of every, &c, 1864 27 

navy must protect rights of, abroad, 1884 72 

denounce outrages perpetrated on, in Southern states, &c, 1892 97 

protection to, must be secured, &c, 1884 72 

American Commerce, favoring measures to encourage and restore, 1872 38 

construction of Nicaragua canal is of highest importance to, 1892 98 

American doctrine of protection, 1892 96 

American Labor, duties on importations should be adjusted to promote in- 
terests of, 1876 44 

American Shipbuilding, favoring measures to encourage and restore, 1872 38 

American Shipping, demand removal of burdens on, 1884 72 

American System of Protection, declaration as to, in platform 1888 82 

Amnesty, approve action of Congress in granting, 1872 38 

Anti-Administration Democrats, reference to 9 

Anti-Cholera Party, Horace Greeley characterizes the Native American party 

as useless as an 7 

Anti-Potato Rot Party, Horace Greeley characterizes Native American party 

as useless as an 7 

Anti-Slavery Movement, leaders of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 

Appointments to positions in the territories, &c, 1884 72 

Appointments to Office, senators and Representatives should not dictate, 

1876 44 

invariable rule as to, 1876 43 

Appomattox, "From, and its famous apple tree," 1880 61 

Appropriations for rivers and harbors of national character are authorized 

by Constitution, 1850, 1860 , 13, 17 



104 - 



Page. 

Appbopeiation bills, failure of, causes extra session of Congress 9 

riders on, causes vetoes 9 

democratic partisan legislation attached to, 1880 61 

Arbiteation, in favor of international, 1884 72 

Arid lands, favor cession of, &c, 1892 98 

Aeizona, pledge to facilitate adniisssion of , 1888 65 

Abthur, Chester A., of New York, nominated for Vice-President, 1880 56 

Arthur, President, administration of, commended, 1881 71 

name presented for President, 1884 73 

tribute to, in platform, 1888 82 

Arrears, act of 1879, party pledged to repeal of , 1884 72 

Ashmun, George, of Massachusetts, president of Chicago convention of 1860 — 26 

Asylum, this country the, of the oppressed of all nations, 1864, 1868 28, 32 

Austin, Kichard W., of Alabama 96 

Ballard, Henry, of Vermont, chairman of Committee on Credentials, conven- 
tion 1884, submits report 69 

Ballot, change of, during roll-call not allowed, 1876 47 

declaration as to free and honest, 1888 82 

to be counted as cast 1888 . 82 

Democratic administration and majority in Congress due to suppression of 

the, in Southern states, 1888 82 

every citizen to be allowed to cast one free, and have it counted as cast, 

1892 97 

integrity of, guaranteed, &c, 1892 97 

Ballot-box, protection of, 1872 38 

Banks, Nathaniel P., of Massachusetts, election of, as speaker House of Rep- 
resentatives, the first Republican triumph 8 

candidate for Vice-President convention 1856 12 

elected speaker House of Representatives 14 

Barker, James M. , of Mass., submits additional resolution to platform, 1880.... 6L 
Barker, R. W., of N. Y., chairman Committee on Rules, &c, makes report, 

1868 31 

Bayard, Thomas F., of Del., 1880 66 

Bayne, Thomas M., of Pa., submits amendment to rules, 1884 70 

Bayne, Thomas M., of Pa., chairman Committee on Rules, 1888 79 

submits report 79 

Bean, Irving M., of Wis., secretary of convention of 1876 42 

Bimetallism, declaration as to, 1892 97 

Bingham, Henry H., of Penna., secretary of convention of 1872 35 

temporary secretary of convention of 1876 42 

motion by, in 1888 78 

chairman Committee on Rules, 1892, submits report 92 

Birney, James G., nominee of Abolition party for president, 1840 4 

Black, James, of Pa., nominated for President by Prohibitionists, 1872 39 

Blaine, James G., of Maine, name of, presented for President, 1876 46 

candidate for President, 1880 61 

nominated for President, 1884 73 

Julius Caesar Burrows of Michigan objects to motion of Joseph B. Foraker 

of Ohio to suspend rules and nominate, by acclamation, 1884 75 

telegrams from, to Chas. A. Boutelle read in convention of 1888 87 

name of, for President presented to convention, 1892 98 

Blair, Austin, Michigan's " War Governor " 8 

approves title of " Republican party " suggested by Horace Greeley in 1854 8 

member Committee on Resolutions, convention, 1860 19 

Blair, Francis P., reference to , 9 

signs call for convention of 1856 10 

Blair, Frank P., of Missouri, nominated for Vice-President by Democratic 

national convention, 1868 33 

Bonds, negotiated at low rates, 1872 , 37 

increased value of U. S., 1880 60 

Bounties, promised, not to be forgotten, 1868 .. 32 

Bounty, to honorably discharged soldiers and sailors, 1872 37 

Boutelle, Charles A., of Maine, submits resolution which was adopted under 

suspension of rules as addition to platform, 1888 , 85 

reads telegram from Mr. Blaine to convention of 1888., , 87 

Boutwell, George S., of Massachusetts, moves amendment to report Commit- 
tee on Rules, 1880 59 



105 

Page. 

Bradley, W. O., of Kentucky 62 

name presented for Vice-President. 1888 ; 89 

Brazil, congratulations to fellow- Americans of, on emancipation act, 1888 82 

Bristow, Benjamin H., of Kentucky, name of, presented for President, 1876 — 46 
Breckinridge, JohnC, of Kentucky, democratic nominee for Vice-President, 

1856 13 

Democratic nominee for President, 1860 23 

Breckinridge, Kev. Dr. Kobert J., temporary chairman, 1864 25 

Brooks, Preston, assault on Senator Sumner by 7 

Brown, B. Gratz, of Missouri, nomination of, for Vice-President in 1872 35, 39 

Bruce, B. K., of Mississippi, voted for, for Vice-President, 1888 90 

Buchanan, James, dispatch of, while Minister to England as to purchase of 

Cuba 6 

Buchanan, James, of Pennsylvania, democratic nominee for President, 1856.... 13 

elected 14 

Bureau of Labor, favor establishment of, 1884 72 

Burrows, Julius Ceesar, of Michigan, objects to motion of Joseph B. Foraker 
of Ohio to suspend rules and nominate Blaine for President by acclama- 
tion, 1884 , 75 

Butler, Benj. F., of Massachusetts, candidate for Vice-President, 1864 28 

nominee of Greenback party for President, 1884 76 

Butterworth, Benj., of Ohio, moves amendment to report Committee on 

Kules, 1880 59 

submits amendment to rules, 1888 79 

Cannon, Frank J., of Utah, submits minority report from Committee on Cre- 
dentials, 1892 95 

Cameron, J. Don, of Pennsylvania, withdraws name of John F. Hartrankt, 

1876, and announces vote of Pennsylvania 48 

Chairmau of Republican National Committee calls convention 1880 to order 53 

Canadian fishing vessels, reference to, 1888 84 

Capital should have its just reward, 1884 71 

oppose combinations of, 1888 83 

opposed to all combinations of, etc., 1892 97 

Capital and Labor, as to relations of, 1872 37 

Carter, Thomas H., of Montana, chairman of National Committee, 1892 101 

Cass, Lewis, nominee of Democratic party for President, 1848 5 

Central America, trade with, lost by Democratic policy, 1884 84 

Cessna, John, of Pennsylvania, chairman of Committee on Rules and Order of 

Business, convention of 1876, makes report 42 

Chairman, vote of each state and territory, etc., to be announced by the, of the 

state, etc., substitute proposed - 55 

Chandler, Wm. E., of New Hampshire, elected secretary of National Committee 

for 1872 38 

Chandler, Zachariah, of Michigan, efforts of, in 1854 to keep the "Whig party 

alive 8 

Chairman of Republican National Committee, 1876 49 

Charges, legislation recommended to prevent undue, on supplies, &c, 1888 — 3 

Chicago, convention of, 1860, contest over platform 18 

Children, as to education of, 1892 97 

Chinese. (See Mongolians.) 

Chinese Immigration, declaration as to, 1880 60 

favor present law restricting, 1884 72 

Chinese Labor, oppose introduction of, 1888 83 

Church and State, opposed to union of, 1892 97 

Cities, demand protection of our defenceless, 1888 84 

Citizens, rights of all, shall be protected whether at home or abroad, 1860 17 

rights of naturalized, 1868 31 

honest demand of any class of, should have respectful consideration. 1872. 38 

rights of, 1876 44 

by adoption must be secured in all their rights, <fcc, 1880 60 

declaration as to rights of adopted, 1880 60 

Civil Officers, election of 5 

Civil Rights, reconstruction policy has secured, 1868 31 

Civil Service, as to qualifications for positions in, 1872 37 

reform as to, etc., 1872 37 

reform of, should be thorough, radical, and complete, 1880 61 

reform of, should be completed by further extension, etc., 1884 71 

declaration as to reform in, 1892... 97 



106 

Page. 

Civil Service Reform, declaration as to, convention, 1872 37 

declaration as to, convention, 1876 44 

declaration as to, convention, 1880 61 

declaration as to, convention, 1884 72 

declaration as to, convention, 1888 84 

declaration as to, convention, 1892 97 

Claflin, William, of Massachusetts, chairman National Committee, 1868 32 

also in 1872 35,38 

Cearkson, James S., of Iowa, chairman of National Committee, calls conven- 
tion of 1892 to order 92 

Clay, Henry, nominated for President by "National Republicans," 1831 3 

as to election of 4 

cheated out of vote of Louisiana 4 

Clayton, Powell, of Arkansas, submits minority report Committee on Creden- 
tials, 1880 57 

name of, proposed for temporary chairman of convention, 1884 68 

Clisbee, Charles W., secretary convention 1884 69 

Clephane, Lewis, reference to 9 

signs call for Philadelphia convention of 1856 10 

Cleveland, President, hostile spirit shown by, to soldiers, denounced, 1884 84 

Cleveland Administration, arraignment and denunciation of , 1888 84 

Cogswell, William, of Massachusetts, chairman Committee on Credentials, 1892 94 

submits verbal report 94 

Coin, redemption of U. S. notes in, 1876 44 

as to payment of national debt in, 1880 60 

Coinage, to fix relative value of gold and silver, 1884 71 

Cole, Cornelius, of California 10 

Colfax, Schuyler, of Indiana, nominated for Vice-President, 1868 32 

name of, presented for Vice-President, 1872 36, 38 

College League, resolution as to American Republican, 1892 101 

Color, soldiers entitled to protection without regard to, 1864 28 

Combinations, oppose, of capital, 1888 83 

opposed to, of capital to arbitrarily control trade, &c, 1892 97 

Commerce, security of existing, requires river and harbor appropriations, 1860 18 

favoring measures to encourage and restore American, 1872 38 

increasing, must be encouraged, 1880 60 

as to power of Congress over interstate, 1884 71 

as to regulation of, with foreign nations, 1884 71 

navy must assist in protecting interests of American, 1884 72 

favor extension of foreign, 1892 97 

Compromise, not to, with rebels, 1864 27 

Conference, favor an international, &c, 1892 97 

Conger, Omar D., of Michigan, chairman of Committee on Credentials, 1880... 54 

submits report 54 

Congress, power of , over territories, 1856 12 

power of, over interstate commerce, 1884 71 

Conkling, Roscoe, of New York, name of, presented for President, 1876 46 

motion by, 1880.. 53 

resolution by 54 

resolution by 54 

tribute to, in platform, 1888 82 

Constitution, amendments to, to terminate and forever prohibit slavery, 1864... 27 

recent amendments to the, should be sustained, 1872 37 

is a supreme law and not a contract, 1880 60 

reaffirm unswerving devotion to, 1888 82 

Constitutional Amendments, enforcement of , 1876 44 

Constitution and Laws, highest duty of every American citizen to maintain 

paramount authority of , 1864 27 

Contests, convention of 1856 11 

1860 15 

1864 26-7 

1868.. 31 

1872.. 

1876 43 

1880 55 

" 1884 69 

1888 80-1 



107 

Page. 

Contests, convention of 1892 94-5-6 

motion to exclude states in which there was a, from committees, 1888 78 

Contbact, constitution a supreme law, and not a, 1880 60 

Convention, call for first, of the Kepublican party 9 

resolution adopted that adjournment should not work a dissolution of the, 

1868 32 

Cobpobation, no further grant of public land for any, 1880 60 

Coeeuptions nursed and fostered by Andrew Johnson, etc., 1868 31 

as to regulation of railway, 1884. 71 

Corporations and Monopolies, reaffirm opposition of further grants of public 

. lands to, 1876 45 

Credentials, Committee On, report of 1856 11 

1860 15 

1864 26 

1868 31 

1872 , 

1876 43 

1880 55 

" " " 1884 69 

"• " " 1888 80-1 

1892 94-5-6 

Credit of the nation has been lifted by Eepublican party, 1880 60 

national, sustained by Kepublican party, 1872 37 

Creditors at home and abroad, to be paid according to letter and spirit, 1868... 31 

obligations to public, 1876 44 

Crime, all forms of repudiation denounced as a national, 1868 31 

Cuba, acquisition of 6 

Cullom, Shelby M. , of Illinois, presents name of Ulysses S. Grant for President, 

convention of 1872 36 

nominates John A. Logan for President, 1884 73 

Cumback, Will, of Indiana, withdraws name of Oliver P. Morton for President, 

etc., 1876 48 

Currency, excellent national, 1872 

increased value of paper, 1880 

always recommended best, 1884 

Curtin, Andrew G., of Pennsylvania, candidate for Vice-President, 1868 c2 

" Custom House Count" of vote of Louisiana, 1876 40 

Davis, David, of Illinois, nominated for President by Labor Eeformers, 1872 

(declines)....! 39 

Davis, E. J., of Texas, 1872 36 

submits minority report, 1876 45 

Davis, George E., of Illinois, 1884 76 

motion by, 1884 78 

Dayton, Wm. L., of New Jersey, nominated for Vice-President, 1856 12 

Debt, as to payment of public, etc., 1868 31 

as to interest on and reduction of public, 1872 37 

every dollar of, must be paid, 1880 60 

declaration as to payment of maturing, 1888 84 

Declaeation of Independence, recognize principles laid down in the, as true 

foundation, &c, 1868 32 

the "New," platform of 1856 12 

Defeees, John D., of Indiana, secretary National Committee, 1868 32 

Delegates, as to, to future conventions. Eesolution in regard to, 1873 45 

Depew, Chauncey M., of New York, name presented for President, 1888 85 

name withdrawn 87 

question of order, 1892 95 

submits resolution as to American Eepublican College League, 1892 101 

Democeatic Administeation of Buchanan denounced for its action in Kansas 

affairs, 1860 17 

of Cleveland arraigned, 1888 83 

condemned for its efforts to demonetize silver, 1888 83 

Democeatic convention, " straight," at Louisville, nominates Charles O'Connor 

for President, 1872 39 

Democeatic House of Eepeesentatives denounced for refusal to admit South 

Dakota, 1888 83 

denounced for refusing consideration of general pension legislation, 1888... 85 



108 



Page. 
Democratic majority, House of Kepresentatives, denounced for efforts to de- 
stroy tariff laws piecemeal, 1892 97 

Democratic National Convention, 1856 — Buchanan and Breckinridge 13 

1860 — Douglas and Johnson — Breckinridge and Lane 23 

1864— McClellan and Pendleton 28 

1868— Seymour and Blair 33 

1872— Greeley and Brown 39 

1876— Tilden aud Hendricks , 50 

1880— Hancock and English 66 

1884— Cleveland and Hendricks 76 

1888— Cleveland and Thurman 90 

1892 — Cleveland and Stevenson 101 

Democeatic paety, charges against the, 1876 45 

same in character and spirit as when it sympathized with treason, 1876 .... 45 

would degrade our labor to the foreign standard, 1884 71 

arraigned for fraud and violence in southern states, 1884 72 

Demonetize, Democratic administration condemned for its efforts to, silver, 

1888 83 

Dickinson, Daniel S., of New York, candidate for Vice-President, 1864 28 

Disabilities, favor removal of, of rebels under certain conditions, 1868. , 32 

Discrimination, no, in respect of citizens, 1872 37 

to prevent unjust, &c, 1884 71 

Discriminations, approve legislation to prevent unjust, between the states, 1888 83 

"Disgruntled," Democrats, over Mr. Greeley's nomination in 1872 39 

Dissolution, adjournment of the convention shall not work its, 1868 32 

Disunion, threats of, made by Democratic ; none made by Kepublican members 

of Congress, 1860 16 

Diversity op industry, the largest, is most productive of prosperity, &c, 1884 71 

Dollae, every, shall be as good as any other, 1892 97 

as to value of, &c, 1892 97 

Donelson, Andrew Jackson, nominated for Vice-President by Native Ameri- 
can party 7 

by "Whig party 13 

Douglass, Frederick, secretary of convention of "Free Soil Democrats" of 

1852 5 

in convention of 1876 42 

Deed Scott Decision, reference to 6 

Dutcher, Silas P., of New York 73 

Duties, declaration as to impost, 1860 17 

how to be levied, &c, 1872 < 37 

laid for purpose of revenue, should discriminate in favor of American labor, 

1880 60 

imposition of, on foreign imports, should not be made " for revenue only," 

&c, 1884 71 

should be so levied to the end, &c, 1884 ., 71 

as to rate of, on imports, 1892 96 

Economy, recommend rigid, 1864 28 

Government should be administered with strictest, 1868 31 

Education, declaration as to popular, 1880 60 

favor wise and judicious system of general, 1884 72 

State and nation should furnish every child opportunity for good common 

school, 1888 84 

declaration as to, 1892 97 

Edmunds, George P., of Vermont, member of electoral commission of 1876 51 

name presented for President, 1880 61 

for President, 1884 73 

Eight-hour Law, favor enforcement of, 1884 72 

Elections, declaration as to purity of, 1888 82 

declaration as to purity of, 1892 97 

Electoral Commission, statement as to 50-51 

members of 51 

action of 51 

Equality, exact and complete liberty, &c, 1872, 37 

Equal Bights for women, 1876 45 

Equal Suffrage, guarantee of, to all loyal men in south, 1868 31 

Emancipation of slaves, 1872 36 

Emigrants, as to protection of , 1876 45 



109 

Page. 

Emmett, Robert, of New York, temporary chairman, 1856 11 

Employes, favor legislation to protect, &c, 1892 97 

England, election of Cleveland in 1888 desired in 90 

English, Wm. H., of Indiana, nominated for Vice-President, 1880 66 

English interests favor Cleveland's election, 1888 90 

Ensoe, John T., of Maryland, chairman of Committee on credentials, conven- 
tion, 1876, makes report 43 

Estee, M. M., of California, permanent president of convention of 1888. ... 78 

Etteope, Democratic party serves interests of, 1888 82 

Exposition, Congress should aid World's Columbian, &c, 1892 98 

Extbavagance, view with alarm the, pervading every department, 1860 17 

Farming Interests, Mills bill, destructive to, 1888 82 

Farms, new markets opened for products of our, 1892 97 

Farragut, Admiral, reference to carrying defenses of Mobile Bay, 1864 29 

Fasset, J. Sloat, of New York, temporary chairman of convention of 1892 92 

Federal officers in territories should be selected from bona fide residents, 1892, 98 

Fenton, Reuben E., of New York, candidate for Vice-President, 1868 32 

Fessenden, Samuel, of Maine 4 

Fessenden, Samuel, of Connecticut, secretary of National Committee, 1884 73-76 

Field, Stephen J., of California, 1880 66 

Fillmore, Millard, of New York, nominated for President by Native American 

party 7 

Whig nominee for President, 1856 13 

Fisheries question, Democratic administration arraigned for its weak and un- 
patriotic treatment of , 1884 84 

Fishermen, favor protection of rights of our, 1892 97 

Fitler, Edwin H., of Pennsylvania, name presented for president, 1888 85 

Flag, thanks due to soldiers and sailors who periled lives for, &c, 1864. ... 27 

Flanagan, Webster, of Texas, 1872 36 

Fogg, George G.. of New Hampshire 10 

Fortifications, demand construction of coast. 1888 84' 

Foraker, Joseph B., of Ohio, nominates John Sherman for President, 1884 73 

motion for ballot 73 

motion by, to suspend rules and nominate Blaine by acclamation ( 1884) 

objected to by Julius Csesar Burrows, of Michigan 75 

chairman Committee on Resolutions (1892) submits report 90 

question of order, 1892 98 

Foreign Affairs, conduct of, by (Cleveland) administration distinguished by 

inefficiency and cowardice, 1884 84 

Foreign Commerce, favor extension of, 1892 97 

Foreign Contract Labor, oppose introduction of, 1888 83 

Foreign difficulties peacefully and honorably composed, 1872 37 

Foreign Immigration should be fostered, &c, 1864 28 

should be fostered aud encouraged by a liberal and just policy, 1868. 32 

Foreign Markets, Democratic policy lost us, 1888 84 

Foreign powers, favor friendly relations with, 1892 97 

Foreign trade increased, &c, 1880 60 

Forfeiture of land grants, demand, which have lapsed, &c, 1884 72 

Foster, Charles, of Ohio, motion by, 1880 64 

chairman Committee on Permanent Organization, 1888 78 

submits report 78 

motion by, 1888 87 

Franking privilege, recommend abolition of, 1872 37 

Fraser, Robert E., of Michigan, presents name of Russell A. Alger for Presi- 
dent, 1888 85 

Fraud and Violence of Democratic party in Southern states denounced, 1884 . 72 

Frelinghuysen, Fred'k T. , of New York, Nominated for Vice-President in 1 876. . . 49 

Freedom is normal condition of all the territory of the United States, 1860 17 

Free of Duty, articles — except luxuries — not produced in this country should 

be admitted, 1892 . 96 

Freedom, services of women in the cause of, 1872 38 

Free Ballot, declaration as to, 1884 72 

Free Delivery Service, favor extension of, etc., 1892 97 

Free Homes, national domain must be devoted to, 1876 45 

Free Homestead Policy, declaration as to, 1860 17 

Free Institutions, dangers to, which lurk in official patronage, 1884 72 

Free List, Democratic proposition to place wool on, denounced, 1888. 82 



110 

Page. 

Free School is promoter of intelligence, 1888 83 

should be aided by state and nation, 1888 84 

Free Ship Bill, opposed to passage of a, 1888 84 

" Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men," motto of Free Soil 

party of 1848 5 

Free Soil Democracy, convention of 5 

history of 5 

Free Soil Party of 1848, convention of 5 

history of , 5 

Free Soilers, reference to 9 

Free-Trade Policy of present (Cleveland) administration threatens prosperity 

of workingmen, 1888 , 85 

Friends of Freedom. (See statement as to convention call) 5 

Fremont, John C, of California, nominated for President by seceding delegates 

of Native American party 7 

nominated for President by Republican party, 1856 12 

Frye, William P., of Maine — 

motion by, 1876 49 

1880 53 

1880 61 

Fugitive Slaves, infamous work of hunting, 1880 59 

Futhey, J. Smith, of Pennsylvania, claims right to vote for Blaine, 1876 47 

Garfield, James A., of Ohio, chairman Committee on Rules, convention, 1880 . 54 

submits report 54 

point of order as to substitute, 1880 59 

nominates John Sherman for President, 1880 61 

nominated for President in same convention 64 

death of President, lamented, 1884 71 

tribute to, in platform, 1888 82 

Giddings, Joshua R., of Ohio, delegate to Free Soil Democratic convention of 

1852 5 

Government, first duty of a good, to protect the rights, &c, 1884 71 

declaration as to powers of the, and States, 1884 72 

first concern of good, is virtue, sobriety, and purity, &c, 1888 85 

Governments, Republican party has preserved, State and National, 1876 44 

Gold and Silver, favor use of both, as money, 1888 83 

Republican party demands use of, as standard money, 1892 97 

Gold and Silver Coinage, international standard to fix relative value of, 1884. 71 

Grant, Ulysses S., no competitor for nomination for President in 1868 and 

1872 30, 36 

nominated for President of U. S., 1872 36 

receives entire vote of convention 36 

resolution of endorsement of , 1872 38 

deserves continued gratitude of American people, &c, 1876 45 

nominated for President, 1880 61 

tribute to, in platform, 1888 82 

Gbeat Bbitain, as to doctrine of, as to allegiance, 1872 37 

Gbeenback convention, 1876 49 

convention, 1880 66 

national convention of 1884 — Butler and West 76 

Gbesham, Walter Q., of Illinois „. 76 

name presented for President, 1888 85 

Greeley, Horace, of New York, characterization of Native American party as 

"Anti-Cholera party," &c 7 

christens Republican party , 8 

a delegate from Oregon, 1860 18 

telegram to Tribune conceding Seward's nomination 22 

nominated for President by " Liberal Republicans," 1872 35-39 

death of, 1872 40 

electoral votes to which he was entitled, how cast 40 

Geeeley and Brown, nomination of, by Liberal Republicans, 1872 39 

endorsement of, by Democratic convention at Baltimore 39 

Grow, Galusha A., of Pennsylvania, ex-Speaker House of Representatives, 

called on in convention of 1864 to solve a parliamentary question 27 

submits amendment to rule, 1884 70 

Hale, Eugene, of Maine, resolution by, convention, 1880. 53 

motions by, 1880 , 62,64 



Ill 

Page. 

Hale, John P., candidate in " Free Soil " convention of 1848 for President 5 

nominee of " Free Soil Democrats " in 1852 for President 5 

Hamlin, Hannibal, of Maine, nominated for Vice-President, 1860 23 

name of, presented for Vice-President, 1864 28 

candidate for Vice-President, 1868 32 

Hancock, Winfield S., of Pennsylvania, nominated for President, 1880 66 

Harbors. (See Rivers and Harbors.) 

Harbors, improvement of, 1880 t 60 

demand protection of our defenceless, 1888 81 

Harlan, John M., of Kentucky, presents name of Benjamin H. Bristow for 

President, 1876...... 46 

motion by, 1876 48 

nominates Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut for Vice-President, 1876 49 

Harmony should prevail in national councils, &c, 1864 28 

Harrison, Benjamin, of Indiana 64 

nominated for President, 1888 85 

commend patriotic, and thoroughly American administration of, 1892 98 

nominated for President, 1892 98 

Hart, C. B., of West Virginia, question of order, 1892 , 99 

Hartranet, John F., of Pennsylvania, name of, presented for President, 1876.. 46 

announcement of vote for, challenged, 1876 47 

Hastings, D. H., of Pennsylvania, presents name of John Sherman for Presi- 
dent, 1888 85 

Hawley, Joseph R., of Connecticut, delegate to Free Soil Democratic con- 
vention of 1852 5 

president of convention, 1868 31 

chairman of Committee on Resolutions, convention of 1876, reports plat- 
form 44 

nominated for Vice-President in 1876 49 

nominated for President, 1884 73 

name presented for President, 1888 85 

Hayes, Rutherford B., of Ohio, name of, presented for President. 1876 46 

nomination of 1876 49 

declaration of confidence in, 1880 60 

declaration of, as to civil service reform, 1880 61 

Henderson, David B., of Iowa, motion that Committee on Rules report, conven- 
tion, 1880 53 

withdraws name of Wm. B. Allison, 1888 87 

Henderson, Don. C, of Michigan, delegate from Texas, 1860 15 

Henderson, JohnB., of Missouri, permanent president convention, 1884 69 

Hendricks, Thomas A., of Indiana, nominated for Vice-President, 1876 50 

votes cast for President in convention, 1880 66 

Hepburn, William P., of. Iowa, chairman Committee on Credentials, 1888 80 

submits report 80 

action on above 81, 82 

presents name of Wm. B. Allison as candidate for President, 1888 85 

Hoar, George F., of Massachusetts, member of electoral commission 51 

appointed temporary and permanent chairman of convention of 1880 53 

ruling of, as to substitute to report of Committee on Rules, 1880 59 

motion to table Mr. Steeverson's motion, 1888 78 

submits amendment to rules, 1888.. 79 

Home Rule,. declaration as to, for territories, 1888 83 

Home Rule in Ireland, sympathy with, 1892 97 

Homes, free, for the people, 1872 37 

Homestead bill, demands passage of, by Congress, 1860 17 

Homesteads for American citizens and settlers, 1888 83 

Honest Count, declaration as to, 1884 72 

Horizontal reduction of tariff, 1884 ■ 71 

House oe Representatves, as to Democratic attempts to secure by fraud a ma- 
jority of states in, 1880 61 

Howard, Jacob M., Senator from Michigan, approves title of Republican party 

m~ suggested by Horace Greeley 8 

Howard, Wm. A., of Michigan. 1872 36 

1876 42 

Hunter, W. Godfrey, of Kentucky, 1880 55 

Idaho, pledge to facilitate admission of, 1888 83 



112 

Page. 

Immigration, foreign, should be fostered and encouraged, &c, 1864 28 

foreign, should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy, 

1868 32 

encouragement of voluntary, 1872 37 

authority to regulate, 1880 60 

sustain present law restricting Chinese, 1884 72 

favor more stringent laws and regulations for restriction of criminal, pauper 

and contract, 1892 , 97 

Immigrants, as to protection of, 1876 45 

Imports, declaration as to rates of duties on, 1860 17 

duties on foreign, have to be imposed, &c, 1860 ; 60 

as to duties on, coming into competition with products of American labor, 

1892 96 

Import duties, declaration as to, 1888 83 

Importations, revenue should be raised by duties upon, except, &c, 1872 37 

Illinois contest, 1880 56, 57, 58 

Indian Territory, delegates from, admitted, 1892 98 

Industries, revenue duties should be adjusted so as to promote the, &c. , 1872. 37 

have been revived, 1880 60 

Ingersoll, Robert G., of Illinois, presents name of James G. Blaine for Presi- 
dent, 1876 46 

Intelligence of the nation, declaration as to the, 1880 60 

Intemperance, sympathize with all wise and legitimate efforts to lessen evils of, 

&c, 1892 98 

Internal Revenue Taxes, favor repeal of, in case, &c, 1888 83 

International Conference, declaration as to an, 1892 97 

Interstate Commerce, as to power of Congress over, 1884... 71 

Interest, as to securing a lower rate of, 1868 31 

duty of Congress to reduce rate of, on public debt, 1868 31 

Ireland, express hope that there may soon be home rule in, 1888 82 

Jefferson, Thomas, reference to principles of 10 

Jewell, Marshall, of Connecticut, name of, presented for President, 1876 46 

name presented for Vice-President in 1876 49 

name presented for Vice-President, 1880 61 

Jews in Russia, protests against the persecution of the. 1892 97 

Johnson, Andrew, of Tennessee, nominated for Vice-President, 1864 28 

as to his course as President , 30 

denunciation of, 1868 31 

regret his accession to presidency, 1868 31 

Johnson, Charles W., of Minnesota, secretary convention, 1892. 92 

Johnston, William F. . nominated for Vice-President by seceding delegates of 

the Native American party 7 

Jones, B. P., of Pennsylvania, chairman of National Committee, 1884 73,76 

calls convention of 1888 to order 78 

Joy, James F., of Michigan, nominates James G. Blaine for President, 1880.... 61 

Judd, Norman B., of Illinois, secretary of National Committee, 1856 13 

Julian, George W., nominee of ' ; Free Soil Democrats " in 1852 for President.. . 5 

Kansas, admission of , as a free state proposed 9 

as to affairs in, 1856 13 

favor immediate admission of, 1856 13 

should be immediately admitted as a state, 1860 17 

Kansas -Nebraska Bill, introduction of, in House of Representatives in 1854... 7 

reference to 8 

relative to, 1860 17 

Kansas Troubles, references to 9 

Kasson, John A., of Iowa, delegate to convention of 1860 18 

member of Committee on Resolutions 18 

proposes subcommittee of above committee 18 

furnishes memorandum as to contest over platform 18 

Kellogg, Stephen W., of Connecticut, presents name of Marshall Jewell for 

President, 1876 46 

Know Nothing party, reference to 9 

Ku-Klux-Klan, resolution as to suppression of, 1872 37 

Labor, as to relations of capital and, 1872 37 

is in demand, etc., 1880 60 

Democratic party would degrade to fdreign standard, 1884 71 



113 

Page. 

Labor should have its just reward, 1884 71 

bureau of , favor establishment of, 1884 72 

denunciation of contract, etc., 1884 72 

opposed to our workingmen competing with servile, 1884- 72 

oppose introduction of foreign and Chinese, 1888 83 

as to competition with products of American, 1892 96 

Labor conventions, 1888 90 

Labor Eeformers, convention of, at Columbus, Ohio, 1872 39 

Land Grants, demand forfeiture of, etc., 1884....*. 72 

urge forfeiture of unearned, 1888 83 

Lands, as to restoration of unearned to public domain, 1888 83 

Lane, Henry S., of Indiana, president convention, 1856. - 11 

Laws, disapproves resort to unconstitutional, etc., 1872 38 

Laws of War, as to, 1864 28 

Lead, Democratic attack on, 1892 97 

Lead Ores, Democratic attack on, 1892 97 

League, United States of America is net a, 1876 44 

resolution as to American College, 1892 101 

Lecompton Constitution, denounces administration (Buchanan) for attempting 

to force the infamous, on the people of Kansas, 1860 17 

Lee, Joseph W., of Pennsylvania, temporary secretary, 188-1 68 

Lemoyne, Francis, nominee of Abolition party for Vice-President, 1840 4 

Letter Postage, demand reduction of, to one cent per ounce, 1888 83 

reaffirm declaration of, 1888, favoring reduction of, 1892 97 

Lewis, Samuel, chairman, &c, statement as to "Friends of Freedom." 5 

Liberal party, as to organization of, 1872 38 

Liberal Kepublicans, nominees for President and Vice-President, 1872 35 

Liberty, sympathy with people who strive for greater, 1872 37 

complete, and exact equality, &c, 1872 37 

of thought and conscience, declaration as to, 1892 97 

Liberty Party of 1843, convention of 4 

history of 4 

Life and Limb, favor legislation to protect, of employes of transportation com- 
panies, 1892 97 

Lincoln, Abraham, candidate for Vice-President, convention, 1856 12 

nominated for President, 1860 .' 20 

approval of acts of, as President, 1864 28 

tribute to, 1864.... 28 

deplore death of, 1868 31 

tribute to, in platform, 1888 82 

Liquors, as to tax upon, 1872 37 

Loans, without resorting to, Eepublican party has, &c, 1880 60 

Lockwood, C. B., of Idaho, chairman Committee on Permanent Organization, 

1892, submits report 92 

Lodge. Henry Cabot, of Massachusetts, proposes name of John K. Lynch, of 

Mississippi, as temporary chairman convention, &c. , 1884 68 

Logan, John A., of Illinois, presides over soldiers' and sailors' convention in 

1868 30 

presents name of General Ulysses S. Grant for President, 1868 32 

convention of 1872 42 

delegate at large, 1880 56 

nominated for Vice-President, 1884 73 

tribute to, in platform, 1888 82 

Long, John D., of Massachusetts, nominates George F. Edmunds for President, 

1884 73 

Loeing, George B., of Massachusetts, 1876 42 

Lust of Office, Democratic, 1880 61 

Luxuries should pay duty, 1892 96 

Lynch, John E., of Mississippi, convention of 1872 36 

elected temporary chairman of convention of 1884 66 

Magee, Christopher L., of Pennsylvania, secretary of convention of 1880 53 

Mahone, William, of Virginia, contest decided in favor of, 1884 69 

Mail, a daily overland, should be promptly established, 1860 18 

Manifest Destiny, declaration as to, 1892 97 

Manley, Joseph H., of Maine, secretary of National Committee, 1888 90 

Manufactured articles, price of, reduced by tariff act of 1890, 1892 96 



114 

Page. 

Maynaed, Horace, of Tennessee, convention, 1872 36 

name presented for Vice-President, 1880 65 

Maeine, favor legislation for rehabilitation of our American merchant, 1888. ... 84 

Maekets, declaration as to new, 1888 84 

new, opened by reciprocity, 1892 97 

Mason, John V., see " Ostend Manifesto " 6 

McClellan, George B., of N. Y., Democratic nominee for President in 1864 — 29 

repudiates "war failure" plank, &c, 1864 29 

McComas, Louis E., of Maryland, secretary National Committee, 1892 101 

MoCoemick, Richard C, of Oregon, secretary Republican National Committee, 

1876 49 

McCeeaey, George "W., of Iowa 63 

McKinley, William, of Ohio, chairman Committee on Resolutions, 1884, reports 

platform 71 

motion by, 1884 73 

chairman Committee on Resolutions, 1888 82 

reports platform 82, 83 

permanent president of convention, 1892 92 

rulings of, 1892 96 

overrules points of order and votes for Harrison, 1892 97 

ruling as chairman, 1892 98 

moves to suspend rules and nominate Harrison in 1892 99 

withdraws motion to suspend rules, 1892 99 

McLean, John, of Ohio, candidate for President, 1856 12 

McMichael, Morton, of Pennsylvania, appointment of, as temporary chairman 

(1872) 35 

MoPheeson, Edward, of Pennsylvania, secretary of National Committee, 1874. . 29 

president of convention of 1876 42 

chairman of convention of 1876, rules that each delegate had the right to 

vote his sentiments 47 

Meechant Maeine, favor legislation for rehabilitation of our American, 1888... 84 

restoration of, by home-built ships, 1892 l>7 

Michigan, Republican party had its birth in 8 

Millee, Warner, of New York, presents name of Levi P. Morton for Vice- 
President, 1888 89 

Mills Bill, of Fiftieth Congress, denounced, 1888 82 

reference to, 1888 90 

Missouei, Liberal party organized in 38 

Missouei Compeomise, reference to 9 

as to, 1856 12 

Mississippi river, everlasting bond of an indestructible republic, 1892 96 

Money, Republican party has always recommended the best, 1884 71 

favor use of both gold and silver as, 1888 83 

Mongolian, duty of Congress to investigate effect of immigration and importa- 
tion of, &c, 1876 45 

Moneoe Docteine, resolution asserting the, 1864 28 

declaration practically reaffirming the, 1884 72 

the Nicaragua canal, a work of vital importance to maintenance of, 1888.... 84 

reaffirm and approvalof, 1892 97 

Montana, favor admission of territory of , 1888 83 

Moeality, Republican party sympathizes with, &c, 1888 85 

sympathize with efforts to promote, &c, 1892 98 

Moegan, Edwin D., of New York, signs call for convention of 1856 10 

chairman of Republican National Committee 10 

calls convention 1856 to order 11 

chairman of National Committee, 1856 13 

chairman of National Committee, calls sixth national convention (1876) to 

order 42 

Moemon Chuech, declaration as to, 1884 72 

political power of, is menace to free institutions, 1888 83 

pledges Republican partv to enact appropriate legislation to regulate, &c, 

1888 83 

Moeeison, Wm. R., of Illinois, 1880. 68 

Moeton, Levi P., of New York, nominated for Vice-President, 1888 89 

Moeton, Oliver P., of Indiana, name of, presented for President, 1876 46 

Moseley, R. A., of Alabama, contest in, 1880 56 

Mueohison-Sackville- West letters, 1888 90 



115 

Page. 

Nation, pensions, a sacred debt of the, 1872 37 

United States of America is a, not a league, 1876 44 

people of U. S. constitute a, and not a confederacy of states, 1884 72 

National Council of Native American party adopts a platform 7 

National Ckedit sustained, 1877 37 

National Cukkency, reference to a uniform, 1872 37 

excellent, will lead to speedy resumption of specie payment, 1872 38 

National debt should be extended over a fair period of redemption, 1868 31 

National faith must be kept inviolate, 1864 28 

National Republicans or 1831, convention of 3 

Native Amebican Convention, 1856 13 

Native Amebican Pabty, see " Order of United Americans" 7 

see " Know Nothing Party " 7 

Native Amebicans, reference to 9 

Naturalization laws, Republican party is opposed to change in, by which right 

of citizenship accorded immigrants shall be abridged or impaired, 1860... 17 

Natuealized citizens, rights of, 1868 31 

Natubalized citizens' rights, 1872 37 

Navy, results of restoration of our, to its old-time strength, &c, 1884 72 

demand restoration of our, 1884 72 

demand appropriations for rebuilding our, 1888 84 

creation of a, for protection of national interests and the honor of our flag, 

1892 97 

New Mexico, pledge to facilitate admission of , 1888 83 

Nicabagua Canal, a work of vital importance to the maintenance of the 

Monroe doctrine, 1888 84 

construction of, is of highest importance to the American people, 1892 98 

Nobth Dakota, favor admission of territory of, 1888 83 

Noyes, E. F., Governor of Ohio, convention, 1872 38 

convention of 1876 42 

presents name of Rutherford B. Hayes for President, 1876 46 

Nullification, Democratic administration and Congress due to suppression of 

ballot by criminal, of the laws, 1888 82 

O'Connob, Charles, of New York, nominated for President by '' straight " Dem- 
ocratic convention in 1872 39 

also by Labor Reformers 39 

Office, declaration as to appointments to, 1876 44 

Officees, convention of 1856 11 

1860 15 

1864 25 

1868 31 

1872 35 

1876 42 

1880 53 

1884 68-9 

1888 78 

1892 92 

Official Patbonage, dangers to free institutions which lurk in, 1884 72 

Official Teusts, punishment of all who betray, etc., 1876 44 

Oppeessed, Republican party has always been the champion of the, 1892 97 

Oppeessed people, sympathy for all, struggling for their rights, 1868 32 

Obdeb of United Amebicans, see Native American party 7 

Oephans of the gallant Union dead are wards of the people, 1868 32 

pensions to, 1884 72 

Ostend Cibculab, declaration in, unworthy of American diplomacy, 1856 13 

Ostend Manifesto, reference to 6 

Outeages, denounce inhuman, perpetrated in southern states for political rea- 
sons, 1892 97 

Oveeland mail, a daily, should be promptly established, 1860 18 

Pacific Ocean, railroad to the, imperatively demanded, 1856, 1860 13, 18 

Pacific Railroad, favor the speedy construction of a, 1864 28 

reference to, 1872 37 

imperatively demanded, 1856, 1860 13, 18 

Papeb Cubeency, Republican party has raised value of, 1880 60 

Paeity of values, maintenance of , of gold and silver, 1892 97 

Pabks, William H., of California, chairman Committee on Rules, 1884, submits 

report 69 

submits amendment 70 



116 



Page. 

Patkiotism and Justice, sacrifice of, by Democratic party, 1880 61 

Patronage, resolution as to 5 

evils of, &c, 1872 .' 37 

evils of official, &c, 1884 72 

Pauper, favor restriction of , immigration, 1892 97 

Payne, Henry B., of Ohio, 1880 6« 

Peace, honorable, with all nations, &c, 1872 , 37 

Peace, rejoice in growth of, 1872 38 

Pension bills, veto of, by President Cleveland denounced, 1884 , 85 

Pensions, nation owes, to soldiers and sailors, 1864 28 

promised not to be forgotten, 1868 32 

a sacred debt of the nation, 1872 37 

as to amount of, 1880 60 

promises should be paid, 1880 60 

declaration as to date of, &c, 1884 72 

Republican party stands pledged to suitable, 1884 72 

Pendleton, George H., of Ohio, Democratic nominee for Vice-President, 1864. 29 

Pennsylvania, contest from, 1880 57 

People, should possess intelligence, favor free schools, &c, 1888 83 

free homes for the, 1872 37 

as to reserved rights of the, 1872 38 

" Pet Banks," reference to Democratic policy of loaning government money 

without interest to, 1888 . 84 

Phelps, Wm. Walter, of New Jersey, name presented for Vice-President, 1888. 89 

Philadelphia, first national convention meets at, 1856 11 

Pierce, Edward L., of Massachusetts, moves to strike out 11th resolution of 

platform of 1876 45 

submits resolution as to delegates to future conventions, &c, 1884 68 

Pierce, Franklin, elected President 6 

calls extra session of Congress 9 

Pierpont, Rev. John, reference to 4 

Pierrepont, Edwards, of New York, chairman Committee on Resolutions, 1880, 

reports platform 59, 60, 61 

Pittsburg, preliminary convention of the Republican party meets at 9 

Plaquemines Parish Fraud cheats Henry Clay out of electoral vote of Loui- 
siana 50 

Platform, convention of 1856 12 

1860 16 

1864 27 

1868 31 

1872 36 

" 1876 44 

1880 59 

1884 71 

1888 82 

1892 96 

Platt, Thos. C, of New York, signs minority report of Committee on Creden- 
tials, 1876 43 

nominates Stewart L. "Woodford of New York for Vice-President in 1876. 49 

Pledges given to soldiers and sailors must be fulfilled, 1876 45 

Poland, Luke P., of Vermont, nominates William A. Wheeler of New York for 

Vice-President, 1876 49 

Political Affairs, quickened conscience of people concerning, 1876..... 44 

Polk, James K., elected President 5 

Polygamy, duty of Congress to prohibit and extirpate, 1876 45 

the twin barbarity of slavery must die in the territories, 1880 60 

duty of Congress to suppress, 1884 72 

to stamp out, 1888 83 

Pomeroy, Theodore M., of New York, temporary chairman of convention of 

1876 , 42 

Popular Education, declaration as to, 1880 60 

Popular and Electoral Votes, 1876 50 

Populist. (See People's Party.) 

Postage, resolution for cheap 5 

reduction of rates of , 1872 37 

reduction of letter, to one cent per ounce, 1888 93 

reaffirm declaration of 1888, in favor of reduction of letter, 1892 97 






117 

Page. 

Postal Service, pledge highest character of , 1892 97 

Powers, as to, delegated to the federal and state governments, 1872 38 

President, conventions where name of but one candidate (Grant) for, was pre- 
sented, 1868, 1872 30, 36 

President, ballots for in convention, 1856 12 

" 1860 20, 23 

1864 28 

" " 1868 32 

" " 1872 36 

1876 46. 48 

1880 62, 64 

1884 73, 75 

1888 85, 88 

11 " 1892 100 

Price of manufactured articles reduced under tariff act of 1890, 1892 96 

Privilege, abolition of franking privilege, 1872 37 

Prosperity, great coming, 1880 % 60 

largely due to wise revenue legislation of a Kepublican Congress, 1892 96 

Protection, government owes, to all men employed in its armies, etc., 1864 28 

to rights and wages of the laborer, 1884 71 

to American citizens, must be secured to all, 1884 72 

declaration as to American system of, 1888 82 

to Americans at home or abroad. 1888 84 

reaffirm the American doctrine of, 1892 96 

growth of , abroad, 1892 96 

of the ballot, declaration as to the, 1892 , 97 

Protective System, must be maintained, 1888 .. 82 

abandonment of, has been followed by general disaster, 1888 82 

not to be surrendered at behest of whisky trusts and agents of foreign man- 
ufacturers, 1888 , 83 

Public Creditors, obligations to, 1876 44 

Public DeBT, as to redemption of, 1864 28 

reduction of, 1872 37 

repudiation of the, demanded as a national crime, 1872 38 

asto reduction of, 1877 38 

Public Domain, declaration as to grant of, 1880 60 

Public Funds, amendment to Constitution forbidding application of, etc., 1876. 44 

prohibition of appropriation of, for public schools, 1880... 60 

Public Lands, protest against sale or alienation of, held by actual settlers, 1860. 17 

reference to, 1872 37 

opposed to further grants of, 1872 37 

reaffirm opposition to further grants of, &c, 1876 45 

should be reserved, <fcc, for small holdings by actual settlers, 1884 72 

declaration as to appropriation of, 1888 83 

favor cession of the, to states and territories under restrictions, &c, 1892... 98 

Public Officers to be held to rigid responsibility, 1876 44 

Public School System, is bulwark of American Kepublic, 1876 44 

amendment to constitution recommend to protect, 1876 44 

Public Service, as to efficiency of the, 1876 44 

Purchasing power of the dollar shall be equal, &c, 1892 97 

Quakers " did not come out." 14 

Quay, Matthew S., of Pennsylvania, signs minoritv report of Committee on 

Credentials, 1876 43 

chairman National Committee, 1888 90 

demands roll-call, 1892 96 

Railway, no further grant of public land for any, 1880 90 

Railway corporations, as to regulation of , 1884 71 

Rapier, James T., of Alabama, convention of 1880, contest as to seat of 55 

Rates, declaration as to unjust and excessive railroad, 1888 83 

Raum, Green B., of Illinois, delegate at large, 1880 56 

Raymond, Henry J., of New York, chairman Committee on Resolutions, 1864, 

reports platform 27 

chairman National Committee, 1864 29 

Rebels, removal of disabilities of late, 1868 32 

Rebellion, pledged to quell the, 1864 27 

complete suppression of the, demanded, 1864 27 

as slavery was cause of, &c, 1864 27 



118 

Page. 

Rebellion, suppression of, by Republican party, 1872 36 

suppression of, 1880 59 

Reciprocity, success of Republican policy of, 1892 97 

opposition of Democratic party to policy of , 1892 ,..., 97 

Reconstruction policy of 1872 37 

Reconstruction policy, success of, of Congress, 1868 31 

Reconstructing, as to, Southern state governments, 1868 32 

Redemption of U. S. notes in coin, 1876 44 

Reed, Thomas B., of Maine, name presented for Vice-President, 1892 101 

Reform in the Civil Service, reaffirmation of declaration of 1884 as to 1888... 84 

reference to those who deserted the cause of, 1888 84 

commend spirit and evidence of, by Republican party, 1892 97 

Reid. Whitelaw, of New York, nominated for Vice-President, 1892 101 

Religion, declaration as to law respecting establishment of, 1880 60 

Religious Liberty, while insisting on fullest measure of, &c, 1892 97 

Republican Administration, civil service reform begun under a, 1884 72 

Republican Congress, prosperity due to wise revenue legislation of a, 1892 96 

Republican Party, title of, first adopted at Jackson, Michigan, in 1854 8 

organization of, justified, and perpetuation required, 1860 16 

work of, 1876 44 

declaration in platform of, 1876, as to mission of 44 

report of its 20 years administration, 1880 59 

work of, 1880 60 

asks for continued confidence, 1880 60 

record of 1884 71 

reference to those who in 1884 deserted the, 1888 84 

review record of, 1892 96 

Repudiation, all forms of, denounced as a national crime, 1868 31 

frowned down, 1872 37 

of public debt denounced,. 1872 38 

Resolutions, Committee on, report of, 1856 12 

'"' 1860 16 

" 1864 27 

" 1868 31 

" 1872 36 

" 1876 44 

" 1880 59 

" 1884 71 

" 1888 82 

" " 1892 96 

Retrenchment, resolution for 5 

Returning Board of Louisiana, 1872 40, 4L 

Returns, declaration as to correct, 1884 72 

Revenue, declaration as to, 1860 17 

" 1872 37 

" 1876 44 

" 1880 60 

" 1884 71 

" 1888 82 

" 1892 , 96,97 

as to larger, than requisite, 1888 83 

Revenue Legislation, prosperity largely due to wi.se, of a Republican Cougress, 

1892 96 

Revenue Only, imposition of duties on foreign imports shall not be made for, 

&c, 1884 71 

Revenues carefully collected and honestly applied, 1872 37 

how requisite, should be raised, 1884 71 

Revenue Tariff, resolution as to 5 

Rights, sympathy for all oppressed people struggling for their, 1868 , 32 

pledge given to Republicans of the South to secure full exercise of their 

civil and political, 1884 72 

of citizens, as to. 1876 ... 44 

River and Harbor Improvements, resolution as to 5 

Rivers and Harbors, appropriations for, are authorized by constitution, are 

required and justified, &c, 1856, 1860 13, 17 

demand appropriations for, 1888 84 

Roberts, John H., of Illinois, secretary of convention, 1880 53 



119 

Page. 

Rules, Committee on, report of, 1856 11 

" 1860 16 

" 1864 26 

" " " 1868 31 

" 1872 35 

" 1876 42 

" 1880 5+ 

" 1884 69 

" 1888 79 

" 1892 92 

Rusk, Jeremiah M., of Wisconsin, name presented for President, 1888 85 

Russell. John, of Michigan, nominated for Vice-President by Prohibitionists, 

1872 39 

Russell, D. L. , of North Carolina, submits minority report from Committee on 

Credentials, 1888 80 

Sabin, Dwight M. , of Minnesota, chairman of National Committee, 1880 66 

calls convention of 1884 to order 68 

ruling of, as chairman, &c, 1884 66 

Sackyille-West, &c, letters, 1888 90 

Soule, Pierre. (See Ostend Manifesto.) 

Saunders, Wilbur F., of Montana 70 

Schools, state and nation should support free, 1888 84 

Schuez, Carl, of Missouri, temporary chairman, 1868 31 

Scoeield, Glenni W. , of Pennsylvania, chairman Committee on Resolutions 

1872, reports platform 36 

Seacoast and Harbors, improvement of, 1880 60 

Sectarianism, as to influence of, 1880 60 

Sectarian Schools, prohibition of appropriations for, 1880 ' 60 

Sectional Feeling and Tendencies, deprecate, 1876 45 

Sectional Strife, success of Democratic party would reopen, 1876 45 

Self-Government, declaration as to, in the territories, 1892 98 

Sergeant, John, nominated for Vice-President in 1831 by National Republicans, 3 

Settle, Thomas, of North Carolina, president of convention of 1872 35 

name presented for Vice-President, 1880 65 

Settlers, free grant to, on the public domain 5 

lands for, 1888 83 

favor cession of arid public lands to, &c, 1892 98 

Seward, William H., of New York, candidate for President, 1860 20 

his recommendation when governor of New York as to school fund used 

against him 22 

ballots for 21, 22 

Sewell, William J., of New Jersey, motion to instruct Committee on Rules, 

agreed to, 1880 54 

motion by, 1884 68 

submits motion, 1888 80 

presents name of Wm. Walter Phelps for Vice-President, 1888 89 

motions by, 1892 92,94 

Seymour, Horatio, of New York, nominated for President by Democratic con- 
vention, 1868 33 

Sharpe, George H., of New York, offers substitute to motion by D. B. Hen- 
derson of Iowa, 1880 53 

submits minority report from Committee on Rules, 1880 55 

Sheard, Titus, of New York, temporary secretary, 1884 68 

Sheep husbandry, importance of, 1884 71 

Shepard, Elliot F., of New York, ruling of, as temporary chairman convention 

of 1892 97 

Sheridan, Philip H., sympathy expressed for, in platform, 1888 82 

Sherman, John, of Ohio, nominated for President, 1880 61 

nominated for President, 1884 73 

name presented for President, 1888 85 

Sherman, General, reference to capture of Atlanta by, 1864 29 

Shipbuilding, resolution favoring measures to encourage and restore American, 

1872 38 

Shipping, as to burdens of American, 1884 72 

Shipping Interests, demand encouragement of , 1888 84 

Shipyards, as to reduced wages in American, by passage of a free ship bill, 

1888 84 



120 

Page. 
Silvek, Democratic administration condemned for its efforts to demonetize, 

1888 83 

favor use of both gold and, as money, 1888 '83 

declaration as to, 1892 97 

Slaveby, necessity of organization of a party to resist the encroachments of 3 

non-extension of , into territories , 8 

as to, in the territories, 1856 12 

twin relics of barbarism, 1856 12 

as, was the cause of rebellion, &c, justice demands its complete extirpation, 

&c.,1864 27 

amendments to constitution to terminate and forever prohibit, 1864 27 

Slaves, emancipation of, 1872 36 

Smalley, Eugene, quotation from 8 

Smith, Charles Emory, of Pennsylvania, presents name of Edwin H. Fitler for 

president, 1888 85 

Smith, Henry H., compiler 1 

Soldiers, obligations to, 1880 60 

pledge anew to, recognition, &c, 1892 98 

Soldiees and Sailoes, thanks are due to, 1864 27 

nation owes to, &c, 1864 28 

memories of, &c, 1864 28 

honor and thanks due to, 1868 31 

resolution as to, who saved Union, 1872 37 

pledges given to, must be fulfilled, 1876 45 

thanks of American people are due to Union, 1884 72 

gratitude to, 1888 84 

Solid South, reference to, 1880 61 

South, as to electoral vote of a united, 1876 45 

reference to the solid, 1880 61 

South Ameeica, trade with, lost by Democratic policy, 1888 84 

South Dakota should be admitted as a state, 1888 83 

Southeen States, as to status of, 1868 31 

pledges given to Republicans of the, to secure their full, civil, and political 

rights, 1884 72 

Spalding, Rufus, delegate to Free Soil Democratic convention of 1852 5 

Spaulding, Elbridge Gr., of New York, reports resolution from Committee on 

Rules, 1856 11 

Speakee House of Repbesentatives, election of Nathaniel P. Banks as, the first 

Republican triumph 8 

Specie Payment, as to speedy resumption of, 1872 38 

declaration as to progress to, 1876 44 

Spencee, George E., of Alabama, minority report in favor of delegation headed 

by, 1876 43 

Spieits, tax on, used in the arts, &c, 1888 83 

Spoonee, John C, of Wisconsin, presents name of Jeremiah M. Rusk for Presi- 
dent, 1888 « 85 

Wyman, of Wisconsin, signs call for first national convention Phila., 1856.. 10 

Standaed, to unite all nations on international, 1884 71 

Standaed Money, Republican party demands use of gold and silver as, 1892 .... 97 

State, each, to control its own domestic institutions, 1860 17 

invasion of any, by armed force denounced, 1860 17 

States, rights of the, to be maintained inviolate, 1860 17 

Steeneeson, H., of Minnesota, motion by, in 1888 , 78 

motion by, in 1888 82 

Stone, Alfred P., signs call for first informal convention of the Republican 

party 9 

Stoees, Emory, of Illinois, delegate at large, 1880 56 

Subject, doctrine that " a man once a, is always so," must be resisted at every 

hazard, 1868 31 

Subsidies, declaration as to, 1880 - 60 

Substitute, ruling of Chairman Hoar as to a, 1880 59 

Suffeage, guarantee of equal, to all loyal men in south, 1868 L 31 

question of, in loyal states, belongs to those states, 1868 31 

declaration as to freedom of, 1880 61 

Sumnee, Charles (Senator), assault on , 7 

Sueplus. as to reduction of the, 1884 71 

Sueeendee, only terms are unconditional, 1864 27 



121 



Swett, Leonard, of Illinois, presents name of W. Q. Gresham, 1888 

Tariff, resolution as to, for revenue 

reduction of , rates , 

declaration as to, 1860 

declaration as to, 1872 

declaration as to, policy, 1876 

declaration as to rates, &c, 1880 

declaration as to 

horizontal reduction of, 1884 

declaration as to, laws, &c, 1888 

declaration as to, 1892 

Taeiff act of 1890, prices of manufactured articles reduced under, 1892 

Tariff laws, denounce efforts of Democratic majority, House of Representatives, 

to destroy, piecemeal, 1892 

Taxation, should be equalized, 1868 

should be reduced, 1868 

Taylor, Zachary, elected President 1848 

Temperance, Republican party sympathizes with, &c, 1888 

Tenure of office, civil service system should not practically create a life, 1872. 
Territories, favor admission of remaining, at earliest practicable date, 1892 

appointment by President to offices in, should be from bona fide citizens of, 
1884 

favors admission of certain, named, 1888 

declaration as to principles governing admission of, 1888 

officers of, should be selected from bona fide residents and citizens of the, 

1888 

Territory, normal condition of all the, of the U. S. is freedom, 1860 

Thompson, Richard W., of Indiana, chairman Committee on Eules, 1868, re- 
ports platform 

resolution that adjournment should not work dissolution of the convention, 
1868 

presents name of Schuyler Colfax for Vice-President, 1872 

presents name of Oliver P. Morton for President, 1876 

presents name of Benjamin Harrison as candidate for President, 1888 

presents name of Benjamin Harrison for President, 1892 

Thornburg, J. M., of Tennessee, moves to reconsider vote sustaining decision of 

Chairman McPherson, 1876 

Thurman, Allen G., of Ohio, nominated for Vice-President, 1880 

Thurston, John M., of Nebraska, submits amendment to rules, 1884 

motion for recess 

temporary chairman convention, 1888 

Tilden, Samuel J. , of New York, nominated for President by Democrats, 1876 

convention, 1880 

Tobacco, as to tax upon, 1872 

recommend repeal of taxes on, which are annoyance and burden to agricul- 
ture, 1888 

Trade, increase of foreign, under Republican control, 1880 

oppose combinations to control, 1888 

opposed to trusts, etc., to control arbitrarily the condition of. 1892 

of the world, reciprocity as executed by Republicans will give us the, 1892 

Transportation, to prevent excessive charges for, 1884 

Treason, avowal of, contemplated by Democratic members of Congress, 1860... 
Treaties with European governments must give same protection to adopted 
that is given native-born citizens, 1876 

denounces withdrawal of, by Cleveland administration, 1888 

Trusts, opposed to all, &c, 1892 

Unconditional Surrender, terms of peace to be based on, only, 1864 

Union, integrity of , must be maintained, 1864.. 

reconstruction of, by Republican party, 1880 

gratitude to defenders of the, 1888 

Union Soldiers and Sailors, thanks of American people are due to, &c, 1884. 

United Statks, paramount authority of Constitution and laws of, must be 

maintained, 1864 

people of the, constitute a nation and not a confederacy of states, 1884.... 

should control Nicaragua canal, 1892 

United States of America is a nation, not a league, 1876 



Page. 
85 
5 
8 
17 
37 
44 
60 
71 
71 
83 
96 
96 

97 

31 

31 

5 

85 
37 
98 

72 

83 

83 

83 
17 

31 

32 

36 
46 

85 



47 

66 
70 
73 
78 
50 
66 
37 

82 
60 
83 
97 
97 
71 
16, 17 

45 

84 
97 

27 
27 
59 
84 
72 

27 

72 
98 
44 



122 

Page, 

Unit Rule, attempts to enforce, in Republican conventions, 1860-1876 21 

working of, in Democratic convention of 1868 33 

attempt in Alabama convention to enforce the, 1880 55 

Univeesal Suffkage, establishment of, 1872 37 

Van Btjben, Martin, nominee of Free Soil party of 1848 for President 5 

Veteean Soldiers, pledge anew to, recognize, &c, 1892 98 

Vetoes, declaration as to, of President Hayes, 1880 61 

of pension bills by President Cleveland denounced, 1888 84, 85 

Vice-Pbesident, ballots for, convention 1856 12 

1860 23 

1864 28 

1868 32 

1872 36-8 

1876 49 

1880 65,66 

1884 75 

1888 89,90 

1892 101 

Vieginia, contest, 1888 80,81,82 

Vote, each delegate has the right to his individual sentiments, ruling in con- 
vention of 1876 47 

delegates whose seats are contested cannot 58 

ruling of Chairman Hoar, 1880 58 

rulings as to right of a delegate to, in his own contest, 1892 95 

Votee, honest, must be protected against terrorism, violence, or fraud, 1880.... 61 

Votes, popular and electoral, 1856 14 

1860 24 

1864 29 

1868 34 

1872 40 

1876 50 

1880 67 

1884 77 

1888 91 

" 1892 102 

Wade, Benjamin F., of Ohio, candidate for Vice-President. 1868 32 

Wages, declaration as to liberal, to workingmen, 1860 17 

to labor, revenue duties should be arranged so as to secure remunerative, 

etc., 1872 37 

passage of a free ship bill would lessen, of American laborers, 1888 84 

duties should be levied equal to the difference between, abroad and home, 

1892 96 

Wallace, William C, of New York, submits minority report from Committee 

on Credentials, 1892 95 

Wae, prosecution of, with utmost vigor, 1864 27 

as to laws of, 1864 28 

sacred memories of the, Democrats have endeavored to obliterate the, 

1880 61 

Waenee, Willard, of Alabama, contest in, 1880 56 

Washbuene, Elihu B., of Illinois, name presented for President, 1880 61 

name presented for Vice-President, 1880 65 

Washington, favor admission of territory of , 1888... 83 

Washington and Jeffeeson, reference to principles of 10 

Welfaee, common, promoted, 1870 44 

West, Lord Sackville, letters of, 1888 90 

West Vieginia, contest, 1880 57, 58, 59 

delegates, resolution as to, by Mr. Conkling, 1880 54 

Wheelee, William A., of New York, nominated for Vice-President, 1876 49 

Whig leaders, efforts of, in 1854, to keep the party alive 8 

Whig National Convention, 1856 13 

Whig Paety, dissolution of 6, 7, 8, 9 

endorses nomination of Fillmore and Donelson (Native American) in 1856, 

but repudiates platform 8 

Whigs, reference to ■. 9 

" Whig Wbeck," reference to 8 

White, William A., signs call for first (informal) convention of the Republican 

party 9 



123 

Page, 

Widows, of the gallant Union dead are wards of the people, 1868 32 

pensions to, 1884 72 

Williams, George B., of Indiana, chairman of Committee on Permanent Or- 
ganization, 1884 69 

Wilmot, David, of Pennsylvania, signs call for first (informal) convention of 

the Eepublican party 9, 10 

reports platform convention, 1856 12 

Wilson, Henry, of Massachusetts, president of convention of " Free Soil Dem- 
ocrats " of 1852 5 

candidate for Vice-President, 1868 32 

nominated for Vice-President, 1872 36 

resolution of endorsement of , 1872 38 

Windom, William, of Minnesota, name presented for President, 1880 61 

Wolcott, Edward O., from Colorado, presents name of James G. Blaine for 

President, 1892 , 98 

question of order, 1892 99 

Women, admission of, to wider fields of usefulness, 1872 38 

republican party mindful of its obligation to loyal, 1872 38 

as to equal rights for, 1876 45 

Woodford, Stewart L., of New York, seconds nomination of Ulysses S. Grant 

for President, 1872 36 

presents name of Koscoe Conkling, 1876 46 

nominated for Vice-President in 1876 by Thomas C. Piatt 49 

presents name of Chester A. Arthur for Vice-President, 1880 65 

Wool, duty on foreign, 1888 71 

must have full and adequate protection, 1884 71 

Democratic proposition to place, on the free list denounced, 1888 82 

duties on, should furnish adequate protection in U, S., 1888 82 

Democratic attack on, 1892 97 

Warmouth, Henry C, of Louisiana, contest as to seat, 1880 55 

Ward, Marcus L., of New Jersey, chairman National Committee, 1868 31 

calls convention to order 31 

Workingmen, declaration that, should receive liberal wages in arranging tariff 

rates or duties, 1860 17 

opposed to placing our, in competition with servile labor, 1884 72 

co-operation of, invited in principles of platform of 1888 85 

Workshops, new markets opened for products of our, 1892 97 

World's Columbian Exposition, Congress should aid, &c, 1892 98 

Wyoming, pledge to facilitate admission of, 1888 83 



SUPPLEMENT. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 




1896, 



142 

142 



Page. 

1. Proceedings, platform, and ballots of St. Louis Convention, June 16-18, 1896, 127 

2. Notification speech of Senator John M. Thurston, of Nebraska, June 29, 1896, 

at Canton, Ohio, to nominee for President, .... 

3. Kesponse of Hon. William McKinley, 

4. Notification speech of Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana, July 7 

at Paterson, N. J. , to nominee for Vice-President, . . . 

5. Kesponse of Hon. Garret A. Hobart, 

6. Letter of acceptance of Governor McKinley 

7. Letter of acceptance of Mr. Hobart, 

8. National and Executive Committees and Officers, 

9. Congressional Committee and Officers, 
10. Officers and addresses of State Central Committees, 



145 
145 
146 
155 
161 
162 
163 



ELEVENTH NATIONAL CONVENTION 

St. Louis, Missouri, June 16-18, 1896. 



HcKINLEY and HOBART. 



The Eleventh National Convention of the. Republican party con- 
vened in St. Louis, Missouri, June 16, 1896, and was called to order 
at 12.20 p. m. by Senator Thomas H. Carter of Montana, chairman 
of the Republican National Committee. By direction of that com- 
mittee, Senator Carter nominated as the temporary chairman of the 
convention the Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana, which nomi- 
nation was unanimously approved by the convention. 

Senator Carter, also, by direction of the National Committee, rec- 
ommended the election of Charles W. Johnson of Minnesota as 
secretary, and T. E. Byrnes of Minnesota as sergeant-at-arms, with 
three assistant secretaries, four reading clerks, and a tally clerk. 
The persons recommended were unanimously elected. 

Mr. Wm. Lamb of Virginia submitted the following resolutions, 
which were agreed to, viz : 

Resolved, That until the permanent organization is effected, this convention will be 
governed by the rules of the last Republican National Convention. 

Resolved, That the roll-call of states and territories be now called, and that the 
chairman of each delegation announce the names of persons selected to serve on the 
several committees as follows : Permanent Organization ; Rules and Order of Business ; 
Credentials and Resolutions, and that all resolutions in relation to the platform of the 
Republican party be referred to such committee without debate. 

The roll of states was then called, and the committees named in 
Mr. Lamb's resolution were formed. After the introduction and 
reference to the Committee on Resolutions of sundry resolutions 
and papers, on motion of General Charles H. Grosvenor of Ohio 
the convention adjourned until the following day, at 10 a. m. 

Second Day — Wednesday, June 17, 1896. 

After the transaction of some unimportant routine business, Sen- 
ator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, a member of the Com- 
mittee on Resolutions, stated on its behalf that the platform was not 
completed, and asked permission for the committee to sit during the 
session of the convention, which was granted. The regular order 



128 

of business was proceeded with, and the Committee on Credentials 
called, without response. Senator Sewell of New Jersey asked 
unanimous consent that the reports of the Committees on Perma- 
nent Organization and Rules might then be made, which request 
was objected to. A motion made by Representative Wellington of 
Maryland for a recess until 2 p. m. was rejected. Mr. Wellington 
asked unanimous consent that the Committee on Rules might then 
report, which request was also objected to. Several resolutions 
were introduced and referred to the Committee on Rules. Senator 
Sewell of New Jersey then moved that the report of the Committee 
on Permanent Organization be received, which motion was seconded 
and adopted. Mr. Wellington of Maryland made the point of 
order that no business could be transacted save by unanimous con- 
sent. The chairman overruled the point of order on the ground 
that the convention, by vote, had decided to receive the report of 
the Committee on Permanent Organization. Mr. Littlefield of 
Maine made the further point of order that the convention was 
acting under the rules of the last National Convention, which pro- 
vided that the first thing in order should be the report of the Com- 
mittee on Credentials, and that the order of business thus estab- 
lished could not be suspended in this way. 

The chairman overruled the point of order on the ground that 
the Committee on Credentials was duly called and did not respond ; 
that the Committee on Permanent Organization, being called, was 
not ready to report ; that a motion for a recess was made and voted 
down ; that a motion was then made to receive the report of the 
Committee on Permanent Organization, — no point of order being 
made against it, — which said motion prevailed, and that as the con- 
vention itself had voted to receive the report, it was now the only 
thing in order. Mr. Thomas McEwen, Jr., of New Jersey, chair- 
man of the Committee on Permanent Organization, thereupon re- 
ported the name of Senator John M. Thurston of Nebraska as 
permanent chairman of the convention, with a list of vice-presi- 
dents — one from each state and territory — and also in favor of 
making the temporary officials of the convention permanent. 

Mr. Mudd of Maryland made the point of order that while the 
temporary convention had voted to receive the report of the Com- 
mittee on Credentials, it could not be acted upon until the conven- 
tion had ascertained and determined its membership by means of a 
report of the Committee on Credentials and action thereon. The 
chair overruled the point of order, and stated the question to be 
upon the adoption of the report of the Committee on Permanent 






129 

Organization. The question was put, and the chair declared the 
motion carried. Mr. Tuck of Maryland demanded a division by 
states. Mr. Mudd made objection to the adoption of the report in 
that manner, which objection the chair overruled and declared the 
report adopted. The permanent chairman (Senator Thurston) was 
then escorted to the platform by Senator Sewell of New Jersey and 
Representative Sereno E. Payne of New York, and made a brief 
address, after which the convention, on motion of Governor Bush- 
nell of Ohio, adjourned until 2 p. m. 

After the Kecess. 

The convention was called to order at 2 o'clock and 40 minutes 
p. m. After the presentation of historic gavels, one from the wood 
of a log taken from the cabin occupied by Abraham Lincoln, in 
1832, at New Salem, Ills., and another of ashwood, cut from the old 
home of Henry Clay, the Committee on Credentials made its report 
through its chairman, Hon. J. Franklin Fort, of New Jersey. The 
report of the committee was read by Chairman Fort. Its conclu- 
sions are substantially as follows : From the State of Delaware there 
were two full sets of delegates. The contestants were designated as 
the "Anthony Higgins delegation " and the "J.Edward Addicks 
delegation." The committee recommended the seating of what was 
termed the " Higgins delegation." In the State of Texas there was 
a contest for delegates-at-large, one of the contested delegations 
being known as the " Cuney delegation " and the other as the 
" Grant delegation." The committee recommended that the dele- 
gates and alternates-at-large from Texas headed by John Grant be 
admitted to the convention as the regular delegates. The roll of 
delegates and alternates to the convention from the several states 
and territories and the District of Columbia, as prepared by the 
National Committee for the temporary organization, was approved 
and recommended as the permanent roll of delegates and alternates 
of the convention. 

Eepresentative William P. Hepburn of Iowa submitted a mi- 
nority report signed by himself and seven other members of the 
Committee on Credentials. 

The minority report was a verbal one, made by Mr. Hepburn, who, 
after setting forth the grounds of dissent from the action taken by 
the committee in most of the contested election cases, concluded by 
recommending that the delegation from the State of Delaware 
headed by J. Edward Addicks, with their alternates, be seated ; that 
the delegation from the State of Texas headed by N. W. Cuney, 



130 

with their alternates, be seated, and that the other cases in which 
hearing, up to that time, had been denied, be recommitted to the 
Committee on Credentials with instructions to examine the same and 
report upon the said cases. Upon the conclusion of Mr. Hepburn's 
presentation of the minority report, Mr. Fort demanded the pre- 
vious question on the adoption of the report and the views of the 
minority, as submitted by Mr. Hepburn. The chairman stated that 
a vote would be taken on each part of the report separately, if a 
separation was demanded, and that, under the rules of the conven- 
tion, 20 minutes on a side would be given to debate. The motion 
for the previous question was seconded by Senator Quay of Penn- 
sylvania, and the chair directed the roll to be called. Kepresenta- 
tive Hepburn, at this point, made the point of order that several 
State delegations were contested and had no right to vote on the 
pending question, which point of order was overruled by the chair. 

In response to parliamentary inquiries, the chair ruled that if the 
previous question was ordered the vote would be taken in order 
upon each separate proposition contained in the two reports ; that 
if no demand be made for such separation, the vote would first be 
taken upon the minority proposition, and then upon the report of 
the committee (majority). When the vote as to the State of Ala- 
bama was announced, Mr. Hepburn made the point of order that, 
as the pending question involved the right to contest the right to 
seats of ten or more of the delegates from that state, that the dele- 
gations from those states having a personal interest in the question 
at issue had not the right to vote. 

The chair overruled the point of order and held that the objec- 
tion was not well taken as to the action and order of the previous 
question, there being no question of personal interest involved in 
ordering the said question. The demand for the previous question 
was sustained by yeas 568J, and nays 339J. The debate thereupon 
proceeded for 40 minutes, under the rules. At its close, the ques- 
tion was put on the motion of the minority in favor of seating the 
Addicks delegation, which motion was lost. The chair then put 
the question on the adoption of so much of the minority report as 
recommended the seating of the Cuney delegates from Texas, which 
motion was also lost. The question was then put upon the motion 
to adopt the balance of the minority report referring the contests as 
to other delegates back to the committee, which motion was rejected. 
The question then recurred on the adoption of the report of the 
committee, which was put by the chair and adopted without 
division 






131 

Kepresentative Henry H. Bingham of Pennsylvania, chairman 
of the Committee on Rules, was then recognized, and submitted the 
report of said committee. The code reported was substantially that 
of the preceding convention, 1892 (page 92 of this compilation), 
the only changes of importance being in rules 1 and 16, the rules of 
the House of Representatives of the Fifty-fourth Congress being 
adopted as the rules of the convention, so far as they were ap- 
plicable and not inconsistent with the rules reported. Rule 1, as 
reported, is as follows : 

1. The convention shall consist of a number of delegates from each state equal to 
double the number of each senator and representative in Congress, six delegates each 
from the Territories of Arizona, Indian Territory, New Mexico, and Oklahoma; four 
from Alaska, and two from the District of Columbia. 

Rule 16, fixing the order of business, was amended by inserting 

the following as clause 9 : 

9. Call of roll of states, territories, Alaska and the District of Columbia for names 
of delegates to serve respectively on committees to notify the nominees for President 
and Vice-President of their selection for said office. 

After an explanatory statement by General Bingham in respect to 
the report, which had been printed and circulated throughout the 
convention, the question was put on its adoption, and it was agreed 
to by a unanimous vote. On motion of Representative Charles H. 
Grosvenor of Ohio, the convention then adjourned until 10 a. m. 
the following day. 

Third Day — Thursday, June 18, 1896. 

The convention was called to order at 10.32 a. m. by Chairman 
Thurston, who recognized ex-Governor and Senator-elect Joseph B. 
Foraker of Ohio, chairman of the Committee on Resolutions. Mr. 
Foraker thereupon took the platform, submitted and read the fol- 
lowing report, or platform, viz : 

REPUBLICAN PLATFORM. 

The Republicans of the United States, assembled by their representatives in 
national convention, appealing for the popular and historical justification of their 
claims to the matchless achievements of the thirty years of Republican rule, earnestly 
and confidently address themselves to the awakened intelligence, experience, and con- 
science of their countrymen in the following declaration of facts and principles. 

For the first time since the civil war the American people have witnessed the calam- 
itous consequences of full and unrestricted Democratic control of the Government. 
It has been a record of unparalleled incapacity, dishonor, and disaster. In adminis- 
trative management it has ruthlessly sacrificed indispensable revenue, entailed an 
unceasing deficit, eked out ordinary current expenses with borrowed money, piled up 
the public debt by $262,000,000 in time of peace, forced an adverse balance of trade, 
kept a perpetual menace hanging over the redemption fund, pawned American credit 
to alien syndicates, and reversed all the measures and results of successful Republi- 
can rule. 

In the broad effect of its policy it has precipitated panic, blighted industry and 
trade with prolonged depression, closed factories, reduced work and wages, halted 
enterprise, and crippled American production, while stimulating foreign production 



132 

for the American market. Every consideration of public safety and individual interest 
demands that the Government shall be rescued from the hands of those who have 
shown themselves incapable to conduct it without disaster at home and dishonor 
abroad, and shall be restored to the party which for thirty years administered it with 
unequaled success and prosperity, and in this connection we heartily indorse the wis- 
dom, patriotism and the success of the Administration of President Harrison. 

TAEIFF. 

We renew and emphasize our allegiance to the policy of protection as the bulwark 
of American industrial independence and the foundation of American development 
and prosperity. „, This true American policy taxes foreign products and encourages 
home industry ; it puts the burden of revenue on foreign goods ; it secures the Ameri- 
can market for the American producer ; it upholds the American standard of wages 
for the American workingman ; it put the factory by the side of the farm, and makes 
the American farmer less dependent on foreign demand and price ; it diffuses general 
thrift, and founds the strength of all on the strength of each. In its reasonable appli- 
cation it is just, fair, and impartial ; equally opposed to foreign control and domestic 
monopoly, to sectional discrimination and individual favoritism. 

We denounce the present Democratic tariff as sectional, injurious to the public 
credit, and destructive to business enterprise. We demand such an equitable tariff 
on foreign imports which come into competition with American products as will not 
only furnish adequate revenue for the necessary expenses of the Government, but will 
protect American labor from degradation to the wage level of other lands. We are 
not pledged to any particular schedules. The question of rates is a practical question, 
to be governed by the conditions of the time and of production ; the ruling and un- 
compromising principle is the protection and development of American labor and 
industry. The country demands a right settlement, and then it wants rest. 

BECIPEOCITY. 

We believe the repeal of the reciprocity arrangements negotiated by the last Repub- 
lican Administration was a national calamity, and we demand their renewal and ex- 
tension on such terms as will equalize our trade with other nations, remove the 
restrictions which now obstruct the sale of American products in the ports of other 
countries, and secure enlarged markets for the products of our farms, forests and 
factories. 

Protection and reciprocity are twin measures of Republican policy and go hand in 
hand. Democratic rule has recklessly struck down both, and both must be re-estab- 
lished. Protection for what we produce ; free admission for the necessaries of life 
which we do not produce ; reciprocity agreements of mutual interests which gain 
open markets for us in return for our open markets to others. Protection builds up 
domestic industry and trade, and secures our own market for ourselves ; reciprocity 
builds up foreign trade and finds an outlet for our surplus. 



We condemn the present Administration for not keeping faith with the sugar pro- 
ducers of this country. The Republican party favors such protection as will lead to 
the production on American soil of all the sugar which the American people use, and 
for which they pay other countries more than $100,000,000 annually. 

WOOL AND WOOLENS. 

To all our products — to those of the mine and the fields as well as to those of the 
shop and the factory — to hemp, to wool, the product of the great industry of sheep 
husbandry, as well as to the finished woolens of the mills — we promise the most ample 
protection. 

MEECHANT MARINE. 

We favor restoring the American policy of discriminating duties for the upbuilding 
of our merchant marine and the protection of our shipping in the foreign carrying 
trade, so that American ships — the product of American labor, employed in American 
shipyards, sailing under the stars and stripes, and manned, officered, and owned by 
Americans— may regain the carrying of our foreign commerce. 

FINANCE. 

The Republican party is unreservedly for sound money. It caused the enactment 
of the law providing for the resumption of specie payments in 1879 ; since then every 
dollar has been as good as gold. 

We are unalterably opposed to every measure calculated to debase our currency or 
impair the credit of our country. We are, therefore, opposed to the free coinage of 






133 

silver except by international agreement with the leading commercial nations of the 
world, which we pledge ourselves to promote, and until such agreement can be ob- 
tained the existing gold standard must be preseiwed. All our silver and paper cur- 
rency must be maintained at parity with gold, and we favor all measures designed to 
maintain inviolably the obligations of the United States and all our money, whether 
coin or paper, at the present standard, the standard of the most enlightened nations 
of the earth. 

PENSIONS. 

The veterans of the Union Army deserve and should receive fair treatment and 
generous recognition. Whenever practicable they should be given the preference in 
the matter of employment, and they are entitled to the enactment of such laws as are 
best calculated to secure the fulfillment of the pledges made to them in the dark days 
of the country's peril. We denounce the practice in the Pension Bureau, so reck- 
lessly and unjustly carried on by the present Administration, of reducing pensions 
and arbitrarily dropping names from the rolls as deserving the severest condemnation 
of the American people. 

FOBEIGN BEEATIONS. 

Our foreign policy should be at all times firm, vigorous and dignified, and all our 
interests in the Western Hemisphere carefully watched and guarded. The Hawaiian 
Islands should be controlled by the United States, and no foreign power should be 
permitted to interfere with them ; the Nicaraguan Canal should be built, owned and 
operated by the United States ; and by the purchase of the Danish Islands we should 
secure a proper and much-needed naval station in the West Indies. 

ARMENIAN MASSAOBES. 

The massacres in Armenia have aroused the deep sympathy and just indignation of the 
American people, and we believe that the United States should exercise all the influ- 
ence it can properly exert to bring these atrocities to an end. In Turkey American 
residents have been exposed to the gravest dangers and American property destroyed. 
There and everywhere American citizens and American property must be absolutely 
protected at all hazards and at any cost. 

MONBOE DOCTBINE. 

We reassert the Monroe doctrine in its full extent, and we reaffirm the right of the 
United States to give the doctrine effect by responding to the appeal of any American 
State for friendly intervention in case of European encroachment. We have not in- 
terfered and shall not interfere with the existing possessions of any European power 
in this hemisphere, but these possessions must not on any pretext be extended. We 
hopefully look forward to the eventual withdrawal of the European powers from this 
hemisphere, and to the ultimate union of all English-speaking parts of the continent 
by the free consent of its inhabitants. 

CUBA. 

From the hour of achieving their own independence the people of the United States 
have regarded with sympathy the struggles of other American people to free them- 
selves from European domination. We watch with deep and abiding interest the 
heroic battle of the Cuban patriots against cruelty and oppression, and our best hopes 
go out for the full success of their determined contest for liberty. 

The Government of Spain, having lost control of Cuba, and being unable to protect 
the property or lives of resident American citizens, or to comply with its treaty obli- 
gations, we believe that the Government of the United States should actively use its 
influence and good offices to restore peace and give independence to the island. 

THE NAVY. 

The peace and security of the Republic and the maintenance of its rightful influence 
among the nations of the earth demand a naval power commensurate with its position 
and responsibility. We therefore favor the continued enlargement of the Navy and 
a complete system of harbor and seacoast defenses. 

FOBEIGN IMMIGEATION. 

For the protection of the quality of our American citizenship and of the wages of 
our workingmen against the fatal competition of low-priced labor, we demand that the 
immigration laws be thoroughly enforced, and so extended as to exclude from entrance 
to the United States those who can neither read nor write. 

CIVIL SEE VICE. 

The civil-service law was placed on the statute book by the Republican party, which 
has always sustained it, and we renew our repeated declarations that it shall be 
thoroughly and honestly enforced and extended wherever practicable. 



134 



FREE BALLOT. 

We demand that every citizen of the United States shall be allowed to cast one free 
and unrestricted ballot, and that such ballot shall be counted and returned as cast. 

LYNCHINGS. 

"We proclaim our unqualified condemnation of the uncivilized and barbarous practice, 
well known as lynching or killing of human beings suspected or charged with crime, 
without process of law. 

NATIONAL ARBITRATION. 

We favor the creation of a national board of arbitration to settle and adjust differ- 
ences which may arise between employers and employees engaged in interstate com- 
merce. 

HOMESTEADS. 

We believe in an immediate return to the free-homestead policy of the Kepublican 
party, and urge the passage by Congress of a satisfactory f ree-homestead measure such' 
as has already passed the House, and is now pending in the Senate. 

TERRITORIES. 

We favor the admission of the remaining Territories at the earliest practicable date, 
having due regard to the interests of the people of the Territories and of the United 
States. All the Fedei'al officers appointed for the Territories should be selected from 
bona fide residents thereof, and the right of self-government should be accorded as 
far as practicable. 

ALASKA. 

We believe the citizens of Alaska should have representation in the Congress of 
the United States, to the end that needful legislation may be intelligently enacted. 

TEMPERANCE. 

We sympathize with all wise and legitimate efforts to lessen and prevent the evils of 
intemperance and promote morality. 

RIGHTS OF WOMEN. 

The Republican party is mindful of the rights and interests of women. Protection 
of American industries includes equal opportunities, equal pay for equal work, and 
protection to the home. We favor the admission of women to wider spheres of use- 
fulness, and welcome their co-operation in rescuing the country from Democratic and 
Populist mismanagement and misrule. 

Such are the principles and policies of the Republican party. By these principles 
we will abide and these policies we will put into execution. We ask for them the 
considerate judgment of the American people. Confident alike in the history of our 
great party and in the justice of our cause, we present our platform and our candi- 
dates in the full assurance that the election will bring victory to the Republican 
party and prosperity to the people of the United States. 

At the close of the reading of the report — or platform — Senator 

Henry M. Teller of Colorado was recognized on behalf of the 

minority of the Committee on Resolutions. Mr. Teller thereupon 

submitted the following as a substitute for the financial plank of the 

platform, viz : 

The Republican party authorizes both the use of gold and silver as equal standard 
money, and pledges its power to secure the free and unlimited coinage of gold and 
silver at our mints at the ratio of 16 parts of silver to 1 of gold. 

After extended debate on the report of the committee and the 
proposed substitute, Mr. Foraker moved that the substitute be laid 
on the table, which motion was seconded by Senator Lodge of 
Massachusetts. The call of the roll of states was demanded by 
Colorado and seconded by the States of Montana and Nevada. The 
roll of states was thereupon called, the chairman announcing the 
result, as follows, viz : 



135 



State. 


Ayes. 


Noes. 


State. 


Ayes. 


Noes. 


Alabama 


15 


7 


New York 


72 




Arkansas 


15 


1 


North Carolina 


n 


14* 




3 


15 

8 


North Dakota 


6 

46 

8 








Ohio 






12 




Delaware 


6 




Pennsylvania 


64 




Florida 


6 


2 


Rhode Island 


8 




Georgia 


23 


3 


South Carolina 


18 




Idaho.:.... 




6 


South Dakota 


6 


2 


Illinois 


47 


1 


Tennessee. 


23 


1 


Indiana 


30 




Texas 

Utah 


30 




Iowa 


26 


6 


Kansas 


16 


4 


Vermont 


8 




Kentucky 


26 




Virginia 


19 


5 


Louisiana 


16 




Washington 


8 




Maine 


12 




West Virginia 


12 




Maryland 


16 




Wisconsin 


24 




Massachusetts 


30 




Wyoming 




6 


Michigan 


27 


1 


Alaska 


4 




Minnesota 


18 
18 






2 


6 


Mississippi 


District of Columbia .. 




Missouri 


33 


1 


Indian Territory 


6 




Montana 




6 


New Mexico 

Oklahoma 


3 

5 


3 


Nebraska 


16 


1 


Nevada 




6 












8 




Totals 


818^ 


1051 


New Jersey 


20 




„ 







So the substitute submitted by Mr. Teller was laid upon the table. 
Mr. Foraker then moved the previous question, on the adoption of 
the financial plank in the report of the committee. Senator Fred. 
T. Dubois of Idaho demanded a separate vote on the financial 
plank, which request was seconded by Delegate Mott of North 
Carolina and Senator Mantle of Montana. The roll was thereupon 
called, and the result announced, as follows, viz : 

Noes. 

144- 



State. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts ... 

Michigan. 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire . 
New Jersey 



Aves. 
19 
15 
4 

12 

6 

7 
25 

46 

30 
26 
15 
26 
16 
12 
16 
30 
25 
18 
18 
33 

13 



20 



Noes. 

3 

1 

14 



State. 

New York 

North Carolina.. 

North Dakota 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

South Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Alaska 

Arizona 

District of Columbia.... 

Indian Territory 

New Mexico 

Oklahoma 



Ayes. 
72 

n 

6 
46 

8 
64 

8 
18 

7 
23 
30 



17 

8 
12 
24 



Totals 812£ 



110J 



* Absent. 



136 

So the financial plank of the platform as reported by the Com- 
mittee on Resolutions was adopted. 

The changes made from the votes cast on the preceding ballot 
(substitute submitted by Senator Teller) are as follows : 

From negative to affirmative : — Alabama, four ; California, one ; 
Florida, one ; Georgia, two ; Illinois, one. From affirmative to neg- 
ative : — Kansas, one ; Michigan, two ; Nebraska, three ; South Da- 
kota, one ; Virginia, two, and Oklahoma, five. So the financial 
plank of the platform, as reported by the Committee on Resolutions, 
was adopted. The remainder of the report of the committee was 
then adopted without division. Following the announcement of the 
foregoing vote, Senator Teller was recognized and yielded the floor 
to Senator Frank J. Cannon of Utah, who read a statement in the 
nature of a protest against the action of the Committee on Resolu- 
tions in respect to the financial plank, as well as the action of the 
convention itself, which statement or protest was signed by Sen- 
ators Henry M. Teller of Colorado, Fred. T. Dubois of Idaho, 
Frank J. Cannon of Utah, and R. F. Pettigrew of South Dakota, 
and Representative Charles A. Hartman of Montana, and Delegate 
A. C. Cleveland of Nevada. After the reading of said statement, 
the above-named delegates, with a few others, whose names were 
not announced, retired from the convention. Senators Lee Mantle 
of Montana, Arthur Brown of Utah, and other delegates from silver 
states who did not " bolt," then addressed the convention. The 
regular order being demanded, the chair announced the same to be 
a call of states and territories for the purpose of constituting the 
National Committee. The roll was thereupon called, and the com- 
mittee constituted, with the exception of members from two states 
and one territory. At the conclusion of the call, General Grosvenor 
of Ohio submitted the following preamble and resolution, which 
were read and unanimously adopted, viz : 

Whereas there are several vacancies on the National Committee as reported on the 
last call, which are not likely to be filled by state and other delegations : therefore, 

Resolved, That the National Committee be, and it is hereby, empowered to fill all 
vacancies on said committee. 

The chair then announced as the next business in order a call of 
the roll of states for the nomination of President. The secretary 
thereupon proceeded to call the roll, when nominations for President 
were made as follows : 

William B. Allison of Iowa, by Mr. John N. Baldwin of that 
state. 

Thomas B. Reed of Maine, by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of 
Massachusetts. 






137 

Levi P. Morton of New York, by Chauncey M. Dep*ew of that 
state. 

William McKinley. of Ohio, by ex-Governor Joseph B. Foraker 
of that state. 

Matthew S. Quay of Pennsylvania, by Governor D. H. Hastings 
of that state. 

The foregoing nominations were seconded and speeches made in 
support of said candidates as follows, viz : The nomination of 
Mr. Reed, by Mr. Littlefield of Maine ; the nomination of Gov- 
ernor McKinley, by Senator Thurston of Nebraska (Col. William 
P. Hepburn of Iowa occupying the chair) and James Madison 
Yance of Louisiana. 

A.t four o'clock and thirty-five minutes p. m., the call of the roll 
of states was commenced, and resulted as follows : 



138 



States. 


'3 

O 




T3 
<X> 


d 
o 

1 


a 
o 
m 

< 1 






22 1 19 


2 


1 








16 
18 

8 
12 

6 

8 
26 
30 

6 
48 
26 
20 
26 
16 
12 


16 

18 




























7 

6 

6 

22 

30 


5 




















2 






Georgia 


2 




2 









* Idaho 












46 


2 












26 






20 
26 
11 














4 

12 

1 

29 




t 


L 










16 


in 










30 1 

28 28 
18 18 
18 i 17 
34 34 




























1 


















6 
16 














16 












6 3 












8 
20 




8 

1 










19 










72 17 
22 19A 


55 








2A 









6 

46 

. 8 

64 

8 

18 

8 

24 

30 

6 

8 

24 

8 

12 

24 

6 

6 

6 

6 

2 

4 

6 


6 
46 

8 
6 

""is" 

8 

24 

21 

3 

8 

23 

8 

12 

24 

6 

6 

4 

6 

,...„. 

5 










Ohio 


























58 




8 








South Carolina 


















Tennessee 












5 




1 




Utah 














Virginia 


1 
















West Virginia 


















Wyoming 

Oklahoma 








"l 




1 




District of Columbia 






1 




1 




Alaska 






New Mexico 






1 













Total 


922 


661^ 


84£ 


58 

1 


35§ 


60i 



* Not voting. Delegation withdrew. 

f Montana gave J. Donald Cameron 1 vote for President ; cast by Senator Thomas 
H. Carter. 

The result of this roll-call was then announced by the chairman, 



139 

who stated to the convention that application had been made for 
recognition by the representatives of all the other candidates voted 
for, to make a certain motion. The chair then stated that he 
believed it would be the fairest thing to recognize the representative 
of each candidate in the order of the candidate according to the 
votes cast for each, and accordingly recognized Senator Lodge on 
behalf of Mr. Reed, Governor Hastings on behalf of Mr. Quay, Mr. 
Depew on behalf of Governor Morton, and Representative David B. 
Henderson of Iowa on behalf of Mr. Allison, respectively, who, 
after remarks by each, severally moved that the nomination of 
William McKinley for President be made unanimous. The chair- 
man thereupon stated the question to be, Shall the nomination of 
William McKinley for President be made unanimous ? And the 
question being put, the same was adopted by a unanimous vote. 
The chair thereupon made the following statement : 

Gentlemen of the Convention : By authority of your unanimous vote, as chairman 
of this convention, I declare that William McKinley of the State of Ohio is the 
nominee of the Republican party for President of the United States. 

Senator Lodge then moved that the convention proceed to nomi- 
nate a candidate for Yice-President, and that nominating speeches 
be limited to five minutes each. The motion was seconded by Gov- 
ernor Hastings of Pennsylvania, submitted to the convention, and 
adopted. The chairman thereupon directed the secretary to call 
the roll of states for nominations. The following names of can- 
didates for the office of Vice-President were thereupon presented, as 
follows : 

Mr. William G. Bulkeley of Connecticut, by Samuel Fessenden 
of that state. 

Gaeeett A. Hobaet of New Jersey, by J. Franklin Fort of that 
state. 

Chaeles Waeeen Lippett of Rhode Island, by W. K. Allen of 
that state. 

Heney Clay Evans of Tennessee, by Mr. W. M. Randolph of 
that state. 

James A. Walkee of Virginia, by Colonel Bailey of that state. 

Seconding speeches were then made as follows, viz : 

By J. Otis Humphrey of Illinois for Mr. Hobart. 

By John P. Smith of Kentucky and Robert M. La Follette of 
Wisconsin for Mr. Evans. 

The roll of states and territories was then called for the choice 
of a candidate for Vice-President, and resulted as follows, viz : 



140 



States. 


ji 

-a 

o 

w 


CO 
fl 
08 

11 

5 
3 


m 

l 
l 

l 




QJ 
ft 

3 


<X> 

P3 




CD 


p 

m 


| 

O 


<D 
CD 
ft 


Alabama 


10 
10 
14 


1 


Arkansas 














1 




California 


















Colorado 


















Connecticut 






1 12 


















Delaware. 


6 

5 

5 

12 








1 












Florida 


3 
21 
16 




















Georgia ...., 




















Indiana 




i 




1 


1 










Idaho 










Illinois 


44 

8 

20 

8 

8 


4 
5 




















Iowa 


10 






1 




2 








Kansas 












Kentucky 


17 
8 
5 
1 

12 
7 

12 
5 

23 










1 








1 


Louisiana 












Maine 


2 

1 
4 













2 


l 




Maryland 


14 
14 
21 
6 
13 
10 

3 

8 
20 
72 

1* 

3 

25 ■ 

8 
64 




Massachusetts 













! 






Michigan 


















Minnesota 




















Mississippi 

Missouri 





























1 










Montana 


















Nebraska 






















Nevada 






















New Hampshire 






















New Jersey 

New York 











































North Carolina 


20iL 
3" 
15 




















North Dakota...... 





















Ohio 


6 


















Oregon 


...... 
















Pennsylvania 




• 



















Rhode Island 








8 
















8 




















South Dakota 






















•24 
12 

1 ; 





















Texas 


11 
5 

8 









































Vermont 



























24 
















Washington 


8 
12 
3 
6 
4 
4 

6 




















West Virginia 






















Wisconsin 


20 








1 












Wyoming 


















Alaska 
























1 



































1 






Indian Territory 


' 






















6 

2 

280i| 




















Oklahoma 


533^ 





















Total 


39 


24 


8 


3 


2 1 


2 


2 1 


T 


1 



Note. — Colorado and Idaho delegations absent. 
Total number of votes cast, 896. 
Necessary to a choice, 449. 

The chair put the question required by the rule, and the nomina- 
tion of Mr. Hobart was made unanimous. 



141 

The roll of states and territories was then called under the rule, 
for the selection of members of the committees to severally notify 
Governor MeKinley and Mr. Hobart of their nomination. Governor 
Bushnell of Ohio then submitted a resolution, which was adopted, ap- 
pointing Senator Thurston, permanent chairman of the convention, 
chairman of the committee chosen to notify William MeKinley of his 
nomination for President, and temporary chairman Fairbanks, the 
chairman of the committee chosen to notify Garret A. Hobart of 
his nomination for Vice-President. Resolutions thanking the 
officers, secretaries, etc., of the convention for the able and faithful 
manner in which they had performed their respective duties, and the 
citizens of St. Louis for the fulfillment of every promise made re- 
lating to the convention, were submitted and adopted, and the con- 
vention, at 7.53 p. m., adjourned sine die. 

The Seventeenth Democratic National Convention met at Chicago, 
Illinois, on July 7, and on July 10 nominated William Jennings 
Bryan of Nebraska for President, and on July 11 nominated Arthur 
Sewall of Maine for Vice-President. One hundred and sixty-two 
delegates refused to vote on the final (fifth) ballot for a nominee for 
President, that number refusing to vote on any preceding ballot. 

The National Convention of the Silver party met in St. Louis on 
July 22, and on July 24 nominated Messrs. Bryan and Sewall for 
President and Vice-President respectively, defeating a proposition 
to endorse their nominations as made by the Democratic convention. 

The People's (Populist) party also met in convention at St. Louis 
on July 22, and on July 24 nominated Mr. Bryan for President, and 
Thomas E. Watson of Georgia for Vice-President, the latter being 
first nominated, a motion to nominate said candidate first, prevailing 
by yeas 738, nays 637. 

The Prohibition party met in convention at Pittsburg on May 27, 
and nominated Joshua B. Levering of Maryland for President, and 
Hole Johnson of Illinois for Vice-President. There was a bolt of 
free silver delegates by reason of the defeat of a free silver coinage 
16 to 1 plank. 

The National Democratic Convention, composed of eight hundred 
and ninety delegates from forty-one states, who repudiated the plat- 
form and nominees of the Democratic National Convention at 
Chicago, met in Indianapolis on September 2, 1896, and on the fol- 
lowing day nominated Senator John M. Palmer of Illinois for Pres- 
ident, and Simon B. Buckner of Kentucky for Vice-President. 



NOTIFICATION OF GOVERNOR McKINLEY. 



The Committee on Notification of the nominee for President met 
at the home of Governor McKinley, in Canton, Ohio, on June 29, 
1896, where Senator John M. Thurston, of Nebraska, chairman of 
the committee, by appointment of the convention, addressed Gov- 
ernor McKinley as follows : 

SENATOR THURSTON TO GOVERNOR McKINLEY. 

Governor McKinley : We are here to perform the pleasant duty assigned us by the 
Republican National Convention, recently assembled in St. Louis, — that of formally 
notifying you of your nomination as the candidate of the Republican party for Presi- 
dent of the United States. 

We respectfully request your acceptance of this nomination and your approval of the 
declaration of principles adopted by the convention. 

We assure you that you are the unanimous choice of a united party, and your candi- 
dacy will be immediately accepted by the country as an absolute guarantee of Re- 
publican success. 

Your nomination has been made in obedience to a popular demand, whose univers- 
ality and spontaneity attest the affection and confidence of the plain people of the 
United States. By common consent you are their champion. Their mighty uprising 
in your behalf emphasizes the sincerity of their conversion to the cardinal principles 
of protection and reciprocity as best exemplified in that splendid congressional act 
which justly bears your name. Under it this Nation advanced to the very culmination 
of a prosperity far surpassing that of all other peoples and all other times; a prosperity 
shared in by all sections, all interests, and all classes, by capital and labor; by pro- 
ducer and consumer ; a prosperity so happily in harmony with the genius of popular 
government that its choicest blessings were most widely distributed among the lowliest 
toilers and the humblest homes. 

In 1892, your countrymen, unmindful of your solemn warnings, returned that party 
to power which reiterated its everlasting opposition to a protective tariff and demanded 
the repeal of the McKinley act. They sowed the wind. They reaped the whirlwind. 
The sufferings and losses and disasters to the American people from four years of 
Democratic tariff are vastly greater than those which came to them from four years 
of civil war. 

Out of it all one great good remains. Those who scorned your counsels speedily wit- 
nessed the fulfillment of your prophesies, and even as the scourged and repentant 
Israelites abjured their stupid idols and resumed unquestioning allegiance to Moses 
and to Moses' God, so now your countrymen, ashamed of their errors, turn to you and 
to those glorious principles for which you stand, in the full belief that your candidacy 
and the Republican platform mean that the end of the wilderness has come and the 
promised land of American Prosperity is again to them an assured inheritance. 

But your nomination means more than the endorsement of a protective tariff, of 
reciprocity, of sound money, and of honest finance, for all of which you have so stead- 
fastly stood. It means an endorsement of your heroic youth, your faithful years of 
arduous public service ; your sterling patriotism, your stalwart Americanism ; your 
Christian character, and the purity, fidelity, and simplicity of your private life. In 
all these things you are the typical American ; for all these things you are the chosen 
leader of the people. God give you strength so to bear the honors and meet the 
duties of that great office for which you are now nominated and to which you will 
be elected, that your administration will enhance the dignity and power and glory of 
this Republic, and secure the safety, welfare and happiness of its liberty-loving people. 

GOVERNOR McKINLEY'S REPLY. 



Senator Thurston, and Gentlemen of the Notification Committee of the Republican 
National Convention : 
To be selected as their Presidential candidate by a great party convention, repre- 
senting so vast a number of the people of the United States, is a most distinguished 



143 

honor, for which I would not conceal mj^ high appreciation, although deeply sensible 
of the great responsibilities of the trust, and my inability to bear them without the 
generous and constant support of my fellow-countrymen. Great as is the honor con- 
ferred, equally arduous and important is the duty imposed, and in accepting the one 
I assume the other, relying upon the patriotic devotion of the people to the best 
interests of our beloved country, and the sustaining care and aid of Him, without 
whose support all we do is empty and vain. Should the people ratify the choice of 
the great convention for which you speak, my only aim will be to promote the public 
good, which in America is always the good of the greatest number, the honor of our 
country, and the welfare of the people. 

The questions to be settled in the National contest this year are as serious and 
important as any of the great governmental problems that have confronted us in the 
past quarter of a century. They command our sober judgment, and a settlement free 
from partisan prejudice and passion, beneficial to ourselves and befitting the honor 
and grandeur of the Republic. They touch every interest of our common country. 
Our industrial supremacy, our productive capacity, our business and commercial 
prosperity, our labor and its rewards, our National credit and currency, our proud 
financial honor, and our splendid free citizenship— the birthright of every American — are 
all involved in the pending campaign, and thus every home in the land is directly and 
intimately connected with their proper settlement. Great are the issues involved in 
the coming election, and eager and earnest the people for their right determination. 
Our domestic trade must be won back, and our idle working people employed in gain- 
ful occupations at American wages. Our home market must be restored to its proud 
rank of first in the world, and our foreign trade, so precipitately cut off by adverse 
National legislation, reopened on fair and equitable terms for our surplus agricultural 
and manufacturing products. Protection and reciprocity, twin measures of a true 
American policy, should again command the earnest encouragement of the Govern- 
ment at Washington. Public confidence must be resumed, and the skill, the energy, 
and the capital of our country find ample employment at home, sustained, encouraged 
and defended against the unequal competition and serious disadvantages with which 
they are now contending. 

The Government of the United States must raise enough money to meet both its 
current expenses and increasing needs. Its revenues should be so raised as to protect 
the material interests of our people, with the lightest possible drain upon their 
resources, and maintain that high standard of civilization which has distinguished 
our country for more than a century of its existence. The income of the Govern- 
ment, I repeat, should equal its necessary and proper expenditures. A failure to 
pursue this policy has compelled the Government to borrow money, in a time of peace, 
to sustain its credit and pay its daily expenses. This policy should be reversed, and 
that, too, as speedily as possible. It must be apparent to all, regardless of party ties 
or affiliations, that it is our paramount duty to provide adequate revenue for the 
expenditures of the Government, economically and prudently administered. This the 
Republican party has heretofore done, and this I confidently believe it will do in 
the future when the party is again entrusted with power in the executive and legisla- 
tive branches of our Government. The National credit, which has thus far fortunately 
resisted every assault upon it, must and will be upheld and strengthened. If suffi- 
cient revenues are provided for the support of the Government, there will be no 
necessity for borrowing money and increasing the public debt. The complaint of the 
people is not against the Administration for borrowing money and issuing bonds to 
preserve the credit of the country, but against the ruinous policy which has made 
this necessary. It is but an incident, and a necessary one, to the policy which has 
been inaugurated. The inevitable effect of such a policy is seen in the deficiency of 
the United States treasury, except as it is replenished by loans, and in the distress of 
the people who are suffering because of the scant demand for either their labor or the 
products of their labor. Here is the fundamental trouble, the remedy for which is 
Republican opportunity and duty. During all the years of Republican control follow 7 - 
ing resumption, there was a steady reduction of the public debt while the gold reserve 
was sacredly maintained, and our currency and credit preserved without deprecia- 
tion, taint, or suspicion. If we would restore this policy that brought us unexampled 
prosperity for more than thirty years under the most trying condition ever known in 
this country, the policy by which we made and bought more goods at home and sold 
more abroad, the trade balance would be quickly turned in our favor, and gold would 
come to us and not go from us in the settlement of all such balances in the future. 

The party that supplied by legislation the vast revenues for the conduct of our 
greatest war, that promptly restored the credit of the country at its close, that from 
its abundant revenues paid off a large share of the debt incurred in this war, and that 
resumed specie payments and placed our paper currency upon a sound and enduring 
basis, can be safely trusted to preserve both our credit and currency, with honor, 



144 

stability, and inviolability. The American people hold the financial honor of our 
Government as sacred as our flag, and can be relied upon to guard it with the same 
sleepless vigilance. They hold its preservation above party fealty, and have often 
demonstrated that party ties avail nothing when the spotless credit of our country is- 
threatened. The money of the United States, and every kind or form of it, whether 
of paper, silver or gold, must be as good as the best in the world. It must not only 
be current at its full face value at home, but it must be counted at par in any and 
every commercial center of the globe. The sagacious and far-seeing policy of the 
great men who founded our Government, the teachings and acts of the wisest finan- 
ciers at every stage in our history, the steadfast faith and splendid achievements of 
the great party to which we belong, and the genius and integrity of our people have 
always demanded this, and will ever maintain it. The dollar paid to the farmer, the- 
wage earner, and the pensioner must continue forever equal in purchasing and debt- 
paying power to the dollar paid to any Government creditor. 

The contest this year will not be waged upon lines of theory and speculation, but 
in the light of severe practical experience and new and dearly acquired knowledge. 
The great body of our citizens know what they want, and that they intend to have. 
They know for what the Kepublican party stands and what its return to power means 
to them. They realize that the Republican party believes that our work should be 
done at home and not abroad, and everywhere proclaim their devotion to the princi- 
ples of a protective tariff, which, while supplying adequate revenues for the Govern- 
ment, will restore American production, and serve the best interests of American labor 
and development. Our appeal, therefore, is not to a false philosophy of vain theorists, 
but to the masses of the American people, the plain, practical people, whom Lincoln 
loved and trusted, and whom the Republican party has always faithfully striven to 
serve. 

The platform adopted by the Republican National Convention has received my care- 
ful consideration and has my unqualified approval. It is a matter of gratification to 
me, as I am sure it must be to you and Republicans everywhere, and to all our people, 
that the expressions of its declaration of principles are so direct, clear, and emphatic. 
They are too plain and positive to leave any chance for doubt or question as to their 
purport and meaning. But you will not expect me to discuss its provisions at length, 
or in any detail, at this time. It will, however, be my duty and pleasure at some future 
day to make to you, and through you to the great party you represent, a more formal 
acceptance of the nomination tendered me. 

No one could be more profoundly grateful than I for the manifestations of public 
confidence of which you have so eloquently spoken. It shall be my aim to attest this 
appreciation by an unsparing devotion to what I esteem the best interests of the peo- 
ple, and in this work I ask the counsel and support of you, gentlemen, and of every 
other friend of the country. The generous expressions with which you, sir, convey 
the official notice of my nomination are highly appreciated, and as fully reciprocated, 
and I thank you and your associates of the Notification Committee, and the great party 
and convention at whose instance you come, for the high and exceptional distinction 
bestowed upon me. 

At the close of Governor McKinley's remarks, Mr. Henry H. Smith, 
of Michigan, Assistant Secretary of the St. Louis Convention, and 
secretary of the committee, presented to Governor McKinley, on 
behalf of the convention, a gavel presented to it by Mr. W. H. Bar- 
tels, of Carthage, Illinois, made from a log taken from the cabin 
occupied by Abraham Lincoln in 1832, at New Salem, Illinois, for 
the nominee of the convention for President. 

At the conclusion of Mr. Smith's remarks, in which a brief history 
of the various historic gavels presented to the nominees of all the 
Republican national conventions was given, Governor McKinley 
responded briefly and appropriately. 



NOTIFICATION OF MR. HOBART. 



The Committee on Notification of the nominee for Vice-President, 
Hon. Garret A. Hobart, met at the home of Mr. Hobart in Paterson, 
INew Jersey, on July 7, 1896, where Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, of 
Indiana, temporary chairman of the convention, and chairman of the 
committee, addressed Mr. Hobart as follows : 

MR. FAIRBANKS TO MR. HOBART. 

Mr. Hobabt : The Republican National Convention, recently assembled at St. 
Louis, commissioned us to formally notify you of your nomination for the office of 
Vice-President of the United States. We are met, pursuant to the direction of the 
convention, to perform the agreeable duty assigned us. 

In all the splendid history of the great party which holds our loyal allegiance the 
necessity was never more urgent for steadfast adherence to those wholesome princi- 
ples which have been the sure foundation rock of our national prosperity. The 
demand was never greater for men who hold principle above all else, and who are un- 
moved either by the clamor of the hour or the promises of false teachers. The con- 
vention at St. Louis, in full measure, met the high demands of the times in its decla- 
' ration of party principles and in the nomination of candidates for President and 
Vice-President. 

Sir, the office to which you are nominated is of rare dignity, honor, and power. 
It has been graced by the most eminent statesmen who have contributed to the up- 
building of the strength and glory of the Republic. Because of your exalted personal 
character and of your intelligent and patriotic devotion to the enduring principles of 
a protective tariff, which wisely discriminates in favor of American interests, and to a 
currency whose soundness and integrity none can challenge, and because of your con- 
spicuous fitness for the exacting and important duties of the high office, the Republi- 
can National Convention, with a unanimity and enthusiasm rarely witnessed, chose 
you as our candidate for Vice-President of the United States. 

We know it to be gratifying to you personally to be the associate of William Mc- 
Kinley in the pending contest. For you and your distinguished associate we bespeak 
the enthusiastic and intelligent support of all our countrymen, who desire that pros- 
perity shall again rule throughout the Republic. 

MR. HOBART'S RESPONSE. 

Me. Chaikman and Gentlemen of the Committee : I beg to extend to you. my 
grateful acknowledgments for the kind and flattering terms in which you convey the 
formal announcement of my nomination for Vice-President of the United States by 
the Republican National Convention at St. Louis. I am profoundly sensible of the 
honor which has been done me, and through me to the State in which all my life has 
been spent, in my selection as a candidate for this high office. 

Concurring without reserve in all the declarations of principle and policy embodied 
in the St. Louis platform, I accept the nomination tendered me with a full apprecia- 
tion of its responsibilities, and with an honest purpose, in the event that the people 
shall ratify the choice made by the National Convention, to discharge any duties which 
may devolve upon me with sole reference to the public good. Let me add that it will 
be my earnest effort in the coming campaign to contribute in every possible way to 
the success of the party which we represent, and which, as to the important issues of 
the time, stands for the best interests of the people. 

Uncertainty or instability as to the money question involves most serious conse- 
quences to every interest and to every citizen of the country. The gravity of this 
question cannot be overestimated. There can be no financial security, no business 
stability, no real prosperity where the policy of the Government as to that question is 
at all a matter of doubt. 

Gold is the one standard of value among all enlightened commercial nations. All 
financial transactions of whatever character, all business enterprises, all individual or 
corporate investments are adjusted to it. An honest dollar, worth one hundred cents 
•everywhere, cannot be coined out of fifty-three cents' worth of silver, plus a legislative 



146 

fiat. Such a debasement of our currency would inevitably produce incalculable loss,, 
appalling disaster and national dishonor. 

It is a fundamental principle in coinage, recognized and followed by all the states- 
men of America in the past and never yet safely departed from, that there can be only 
•one basis upon which gold and silver may be concurrently coined as money, and that 
basis is equality ; not in weight but in the commercial value of the metal contained in 
the respective coins. This commercial value is fixed by the markets of the world, with 
which the great interests of our country are necessarily connected by innumerable busi- 
ness ties, which cannot be severed or ignored. Great and self-reliant as our country 
is, it is great not alone within its own borders and upon its own resources, but be- 
cause it also reaches out to the ends of the earth in all the manifold departments 
of business, exchange and commerce, and must maintain with honor its standing and 
credit among the nations of the earth. 

My estimate of the value of a protective policy has been formed by a study of the 
object lessons of a great industrial state, extending over a period of thirty years. It 
is, that protection not only builds up important industries from small beginnings, bat 
that those and all other industries flourish or languish in proportion as protection is 
maintained or withdrawn. I have seen it indisputably proved that the prosperity of 
the farmer, merchant, and all other classes of citizens goes hand in hand with that of 
the manufacturer and mechanic. 

I am firmly persuaded that what we need most of all to remove the business paral- 
ysis that afflicts this country is the restoration of a policy which, while affording ample 
revenue to meet the expenses of the Government, will reopen American workshops on 
full time and full handed, with their operatives paid good wages in honest dollars. 
And this can only come under a tariff which will hold the interests of our own people 
paramount in our political and commercial systems. 

The opposite policy, which discourages American enterprise, reduces American 
labor to idleness, diminishes the earnings of American workingmen, opens our markets 
to commodities from abroad which we should produce at home, wmile closing foreign 
markets against our products, and which, at the same time, steadily augments the pub- 
lic debt, increasing the public burdens, while diminishing the ability of the people to 
meet them, is a policy w T hich must find its chief popularity elsewhere than among. 
American citizens. 



MAJOR McKINLEY'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. 

Canton, Ohio, August 26, 1896. 
Hon. John M. Thurston, and others, Members of the Notification Committee of the 
Republican National Convention. 
Gentlemen: In pursuance ^f the promise made to your Committee, when notified 
of my nomination as the Republican candidate for President, I beg to submit this 
formal acceptance of that high honor, and to consider in detail questions at issue in 
the pending campaign. Perhaps this might be -considered unnecessary in view of my 
remarks on that occasion, and those I have made to delegations that have visited me 
since the St. Louis Convention, but in view of the momentous importance of the 
proper settlement of the issues presented on our future prosperity and standing as a 
Nation, and considering only the welfare and happiness of our people, I could not be 
content to omit again calling attention to the questions which in my opinion vitally 
affect our strength and position among the governments of the world, and our morality, 
integrity and patriotism as citizens of that Republic which for a century past has been 
the best hope of the world and the inspiration of mankind. We must not now prove 
false to our own high standards in government, nor unmindful of the noble example 
and wise precepts of the fathers, or of the confidence and trust which our conduct in 
the past has always inspired. 

THE FREE COINAGE OF SILVER. 

For the first time since 1868, if ever before, there is presented to the American peo- 
ple this year a clear and direct issue as to our monetary system, of vast importance in 
its effects, and upon the right settlement of which rest largely the financial honor 
and prosperity of the country. It is proposed by one wing of the Democratic Party, 
and its allies the People's and Silver Parties, to inaugurate the free and unlimited 
coinage of silver by independent action on part of the United States at a ratio of six- 
teen ounces of silver to one ounce of gold. The mere declaration of this purpose is a 
menace to our financial and industrial interests and has already created universal 
alarm. It involves great peril to the credit and business of the country, a peril so 



147 

grave that conservative men everywhere are breaking away from their old party asso- 
ciations and uniting with other patriotic citizens in emphatic protest against the plat- 
form of the Democratic National Convention as an assault upon the faith and honor 
of the Government and the welfare of the people. We have had few questions in the 
lifetime of the Kepublic more serious than the one which is thus presented. 

NO BENEFIT TO LABOE. 

The character of the money which shall measure our values and exchanges, and 
settle our balances with one another, and with the nations of the world, is of such 
primary importance, and so far-reaching in its consequences, as to call for the most 
painstaking investigation, and, in the end, a sober and unprejudiced judgment at the 
polls. We must not be misled by phrases, nor deluded by false theories. Free silver 
would not mean that silver dollars were to be freely had without cost or labor. It 
would mean the free use of the mints of the United States for the few who are owners 
of silver bullion, but would make silver coin no freer to the many who are engaged in 
other enterprises. It would not make labor easier, the hours of labor shorter, or the 
pay better. It would not make farming less laborious, or more profitable. It would 
not start a factory, or make a demand for an additional day's labor. It would create 
no new occupations. It would add nothing to the comfort of the masses, the capital 
of the people, or the wealth of the Nation. It seeks to introduce a new measure of 
value, but would add no value to the thing measured. It would not conserve values. 
On the contrary, it would derange all existing values. It would not restore business 
confidence, but its direct effect would be to destroy the little which yet remains. 

WHAT IT MEANS. 

The meaning of the coinage plank adopted at Chicago is that any one may take a 
quantity of silver bullion now worth fifty-three cents to the mints of the United 
States, have it coined at the expense of the Government, and receive for it a silver 
dollar which shall be legal tender for the payment of all debts, public and private. 
The owner of the silver bullion would get the silver dollar. It would belong to him 
and to nobody else. Our people would get it only by their labor, the products of 
their land, or something of value. The bullion owner on the basis of present values 
would receive the silver dollar for fifty-three cents' worth of silver, and other peo- 
ple would be required to receive it as a full dollar in the payment of debts. The 
Government would get nothing from the transaction. It would bear the expense of 
coining the silver and the community would suffer loss by its use. 

THE DOLLARS COMPARED. 

We have coined since 1878 more than four hundred millions of silver dollars, which 
are maintained by the Government at parity 'with gold, and are a full legal tender for 
the payment of all debts, public and private. How are the silver dollars now in use 
different from those which would be in use under free coinage ? They are to be of 
the same weight and fineness ; they are to bear the same stamp of the Government. 
Why would they not be of the same value ? I answer : The silver dollars now in use were 
coined on account of the Government, and not for private account or .gain, and the 
Government has solemnly agreed to keep them as good as the best dollars we have. 
The Government bought the silver bullion at its market value and coined it into silver 
dollars. Having exclusive control of the mintage, it only coins what it can hold at a 
parity with gold. The profit, representing the difference between the commercial 
value of the silver bullion and the face value of the silver dollar, goes to the Govern- 
ment for the benefit of the people. The Government bought the silver bullion 
contained in the silver dollar at very much less than its coinage value. It paid it out 
to its creditors, and put it in circulation among the people at its face value of one 
hundred cents, or a full dollar. It required the people to accept it as a legal tender, 
and is thus morally bound to maintain it at a parity with gold, which was then, as now. 
the recognized standard with us, and the most enlightened nations of the world. The 
Government having issued and circulated the silver dollar, it must in honor protect 
the holder from loss. This obligation it has so far sacredly kept. Not only is there 
a moral obligation, but there is a legal obligation, expressed in public statute, to main- 
tain the parity. 

THEY COULD NOT BE KEPT AT PAE. 

These dollars, in the particulars I have named, are not the same as the dollars which 
would be issued under free coinage. They would be the same in form, but different 
in value. The Government would have no part in the transaction except to coin the 
silver bullion into dollars. It would share in no part of the profit. It would take 
upon itself no obligation. It would not put the dollars into circulation. It could 
only get them, as any citizen would get them, by giving something for them. It 
would deliver them to those who deposited the silver, and its connection with the 



148 

transaction there end. Such are the silver dollars which would be issued under free 
coinage of silver at a ratio of sixteen to one. Who would then maintain the parity? 
What would keep them at par with gold ? There would be no obligation resting upon 
the Government to do it, and if there were, it would be powerless to do it. The 
simple truth is we would be driven to a silver basis — to silver monometallism. These 
dollars, therefore, would stand upon their real value. If the free and unlimited coin- 
age of silver at a ratio of sixteen ounces of silver to one ounce of gold would, as some 
of its advocates assert, make fifty-three cents in silver worth one hundred cents, and 
the silver dollar equal to the gold dollar, then we would have no cheaper money than 
now, and it would be no easier to get. But that such would be the result is against 
reason and is contradicted by experience in all times and in all lands. It means the 
debasement of our currency to the amount of the difference between the commercial 
and coin value of the silver dollar, which is ever changing, and the effect would be 
to reduce property values, entail untold financial loss, destroy confidence, impair the 
obligations of existing contracts, further impoverish the laborers and producers of the 
country, create a panic of unparalleled severity, and inflict upon trade and commerce 
a deadly blow. Against any such policy, I am unalterably opposed. 

BIMETALLISM. 

Bimetallism can not be secured by independent action on our part. It can not be 
obtained by opening our mints to the unlimited coinage of the silver of the world, at 
a ratio of sixteen ounces of silver to one ounce of gold, when the commercial ratio is 
more than thirty ounces of silver to one ounce of gold. Mexico and China have tried 
the experiment. Mexico has free coinage of silver and gold at a ratio slightly in ex- 
cess of sixteen and a half ounces of silver to one ounce of gold, and while her mints 
are freely open to both metals at that ratio, not a single dollar in gold bullion is 
coined and circulated as money. Gold has been driven out of circulation in these 
countries and they are on a silver basis alone. Until international agreement is had, 
it is the plain duty of the United States to maintain the gold standard. It is the 
recognized and sole standard of the great commercial nations of the world, with which 
we trade more largely than any other. Eighty-four per cent, of our foreign trade for 
the fiscal year 1895 was with gold standard countries, and our trade with other coun- 
tries was settled on a gold basis. 

WE NOW HAVE MORE SILVER THAN GOLD. 

Chiefly by means of legislation during and since 1878 there has been put in circula- 
tion more than $624,000,000 of silver, or its representative. This has been done in 
the honest effort to give to silver, if possible, the same bullion and coinage value, and 
encourage the concurrent use of both gold and silver as money. Prior to that time there 
had been less than nine millions of silver dollars coined in the entire history of the 
United States, a period of eighty-nine years. This legislation secures the largest use 
of silver consistent with financial safety and the pledge to maintain its parity with 
gold. We have to-day more silver than gold. This has been accomplished at times 
with grave peril to the public credit. The so-called Sherman law sought to use all 
the silver product of the United States for money at its market value. From 189D to 
1893 the Government purchased 4,500,000 ounces of silver a month, or 54,000,000 
ounces a year. This was one-third of the product of the world and practically all of 
this country's product. It was believed by those who then and now favor free coin- 
age that such use of silver would advance its bullion value to its coinage value, but 
this expectation was not realized. In a few months, notwithstanding the unprece- 
dented market value for the silver produced in the United States, the price of silver 
went down very rapidly, reaching a lower point than ever before. Then, upon the 
recommendation of President Cleveland, both political parties united in the repeal of 
the purchasing clause of the Sherman law. We can not with safety engage in further 
experiments in this direction. 

THE DOUBLE STANDARD. 

On the 22d of August, 1891, in a public address, I said: "If we could have an 
international ratio, which all the leading nations of the world would adopt, and the 
true relation be fixed between the two metals, and all agree upon the quantity of silver 
which should constitute a dollar, then silver would be as free and unlimited in its 
privileges of coinage as gold is to-day. But that we have not been able to secure, and 
with the free and unlimited coinage of silver adopted in the United States, at the 
present ratio, we would be still further removed from any international agreement. 
We may never be able to secure it if we enter upon the isolated coinage of silver. 
The double standard implies equality at a ratio, and that equality can only be estab- 
lished by the concurrent law of nations. It was the concurrent law of nations that 
made the double standard ; it will require the concurrent law of nations to reinstate 
and sustain it. 






149 

IT FAVORS THE USE OF SILVER MONEY. 

The Eepublican Party has not been, and is not now, opposed to the use of silver 
money, as its record abundantly shows. It has done all that could be done for its 
increased use, with safety and honor, by the United States acting apart from other 
governments. There are those who think that it has already gone beyond the limit 
of financial prudence. Surely we can go no further, and we must not permit false 
lights to lure us across the danger line. 

MORE THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY. 

We have much more silver in use than any country in the world except India or 
China— $500,000,000 more than Great Britain; $150,000,000 more than France; 
$400,000,000 more than Germany; $325,000,000 less than India, and $125,000,000 
less than China. The ^Republican Party has declared in favor of an international 
agreement, and if elected President it will be my duty to employ all proper means to 
promote it. The free coinage of silver in this country would defer, if not defeat, 
international bimetallism, and until an international agreement can be had every 
interest requires us to maintain our present standard. Independent free coinage of 
silver at a ratio of sixteen ounces of silver to one ounce of gold would insure the 
speedy contraction of the volume of our currency. It would drive at least five 
hundred millions of gold dollars, which we now have, permanently from the trade of 
the country, and greatly decrease our per capita circulation. It is not proposed by 
the Republican Party to take from the circulating medium of the country any of the 
silver we now have. On the contrary it is proposed to keep all of the silver money 
now in circulation on a parity with gold by maintaining the pledge of the Government 
that all of it shall be equal to gold. This has been the unbroken policy of the Ee- 
publican Party since 1878. It has inaugurated no new policy. It will keep in circu- 
lation and as good as gold all of the silver aud paper money which are now included 
in the currency of the country. It will maintain their parity. It will preserve their 
equality in the future as it has always done in the past. It will not consent to put 
this country on a silver basis, which would inevitably f ollow independent free coinage 
at a ratio of sixteen to one. It will oppose the expulsion of gold from our circulation. 

FARMERS AND LABORERS SUFFER MOST. 

If there is any one thing which should be free from speculation and nuctation it is 
the money of a country. It ought never to be the subject of mere partisan conten- 
tion. When we part with our labor, our products, or our property, we should receive 
in return money which is as stable and unchanging in value as the ingenuity of honest 
men can make it. Debasement of the currency means destruction of values. No one 
suffers so much from cheap money as the farmers and laborers. They are the first 
who feel its bad effects and the last to recover from them. This has been the uniform 
experience of all countries, and here, as elsewhere, the poor, and not the rich, are 
always the greatest sufferers from every attempt to debase our money. It would fall 
with alarming severity upon investments already made ; upon insurance companies 
and their policy-holders ; upon savings banks and their depositors ; upon building 
and loan associations and their members ; upon the savings of thrift ; upon pensioners 
and their families ; and upon wage earners, and the purchasing power of their wages. 

UNLIMITED IRREDEEMABLE PAPER MONEY. 

The silver question is not the only issue affecting our money in the pending contest. 
Not content with urging the free coinage of silver, its strongest champions demand 
that our paper money shall be issued directly by the Government of the United 
States. This is the Chicago Democratic declaration. The St. Louis People's declara- 
tion is that " our National money shall be issued by the General Government only, 
without the intervention of banks of issue, be full legal tender for the payment of all 
debts, public and private." and be distributed " direct to the people, aud through 
lawful disbursements of the Government." Thus in addition to the free coinage of 
the world's silver we are asked to enter upon an era of unlimited irredeemable paper 
currency. The question which was fought out from 1865 to 1879 is thus to be re- 
opened, with all its uncertainties, and cheap-money experiments of every conceivable 
form foisted upon us. This indicates a most startling reactionary policy, strangely at 
variance with every requirement of sound finance ; but the declaration shows the 
spirit and purpose of those who by combined action are contending for the control of 
the Government. Not satisfied with the debasement of our coin which would inevit- 
ably follow the free coinage of silver at sixteen to one, they would still further degrade 
our currency and threaten the public honor by the unlimited issue of an irredeemable 
paper currency. A graver menace to our financial standing and credit could hardly be 
conceived, and every patriotic citizen should be aroused to promptly meet and 
effectually defeat it. 



150 



IN THE HIGHEST DEGBEE BEPBEHENSIBLE. 

It is a cause for painful regret and solicitude that an effort is being made by those 
high in the counsels of the allied parties to divide the people of this country into 
classes and create distinctions among us, which, in fact, do not exist, and are repugnant 
to our form of government. These appeals to passion and prejudice are beneath the 
spirit and intelligence of a free people, and should be met with stern rebuke by those 
they are sought to influence, and I believe they will be. Every attempt to array class 
against class, " the classes against the masses," section against section, labor against 
capital, " the poor against the rich," or interest against interest in the United States, 
is in the highest degree reprehensible. It is opposed to the national instinct and 
interest and should be resisted by every citizen. We are not" a nation of classes, but 
of sturdy, free, independent, and honorable people, despising the demagogue, and never 
capitulating to dishonor. This ever recurring effort endangers popular government 
and is a menace to our liberties. It is not a new campaign device or party appeal. 
It is as old as government among men, but was never more -untimely and unfortunate 
than now. Washington warned us against it, and Webstee said in the Senate, in 
words which I feel are singularly appropriate at this time : "I admonish the people 
against the object of outcries like these. I admonish every industrious laborer of 
this country to be on his guard against such delusion. I tell him the attempt is to 
play off his passion against his interest, and to prevail on him, in the name of liberty, 
to destroy all the fruits of liberty/' 

PEOTECTION OP SUPBEME IMPOBTANCE. 

Another issue of supreme importance is that of Protection. The peril of free sil- 
ver is a menace to be feared ; we are already experiencing the effect of partial free 
trade. The one must be averted ; the other corrected. The Kepublican Party is 
wedded to the doctrine of Protection, and was never more earnest in its support and 
advocacy than now. If argument were needed to strengthen its devotion to "the 
American system," or increase the hold of that system upon the party and x>eople, it 
is found in the lesson and experience of the past three years. Men realize in their 
own daily lives what before was to many of them only report, history, or tradition. 
They have had a trial of both systems and know what each has done for them. 

DEMANDED BY THE PUBLIC EXIGENCIES. 

Washington, in his Farewell Address, September 17, 1796, a hundred years ago r 
said: "As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. 
One method of preserving it is to use it as sparingly as possible ; avoiding the accu- 
mulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exer- 
tions in time of peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may have 
occasioned, not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves 
ought to bear." To facilitate the enforcement of the maxims which he announced he 
declared : " It is essential that you should practically bear in mind, that towards the 
payment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have revenue there must be taxes ; 
that no taxes can be devised which are not more or less inconvenient or unpleasant; 
that the intrinsic embarrassment inseparable from the selection of the proper objects 
(which is always a choice of difficulties) ought to be a decisive motive for a candid 
construction of the conduct of the Government in making it ; and for a spirit of ac- 
quiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue which the public exigencies may at 
any time dictate." 

Animated by like sentiments the people of the country must now face the condi- 
tions which beset them. " The public exigencies " demand prompt protective legisla- 
tion which will avoid the accumulation of further debt by providing adequate revenues 
for the expenses of the Government. This is manifestly the requirement of duty. 
If elected President of the United States it will be my aim to vigorously promote this 
object, and give that ample encouragement to the occupations of the American people, 
which, above all else, is so imperatively demanded at this juncture of our National 
affairs. 

OUB CONDITION IN DECEMBEB, 1892. 

In December, 1892, President Habeison sent his last message to Congress. It was 
an able and exhaustive review of the condition and resources of the country. It stated 
our situation so accurately that I am sure it will not be amiss to recite his official and 
valuable testimony. "There never has been a time in our history," said he, " when 
work was so abundant, or when wages were so high, whether measured by the cur- 
rency in which they are paid, or by their power to supply the necessaries and com- 
forts of life. The general average of prices has been such as to give to agriculture a 
fair participation in the general prosperity. The new industrial plants established 
since October 6, 1890, and up to October 22, 1892, number 345, and the extensions of 
existing plants, 108. The new capital invested amounts to $40,446,060, and the num- 



151 

ber of additional employes, 37,285. During the first six months of the present calen- 
dar year, 135 new factories were built, of which forty were cotton mills, forty-eight 
knitting mills, twenty-six woolen mills, fifteen silk inilte, four plush mills, and two- 
linen mills. Of the forty cotton mills, twenty-one have'been built in the Southern 
States." This fairly describes the happy condition of the country in December, 1892. 
What has it been since, and what is it now ? 

OUK CONDITION EIGHT MONTHS LATER. 

The messages of President Cleveland from the beginning of his second administra- 
tion to the present time abound with descriptions of the deplorable industrial and 
financial situation of the country. While no resort to history or official statement is 
required to advise us of^the present condition, and that which has prevailed during 
the past three years, T venture to quote from President Cleveland's first message, 
August 8, 1893, addressed to the Fifty-third Congress, which he had called together 
in extraordinary session. " The existence of an alarming and extraordinary business 
situation," said he, "involving the welfare and prosperity of all our people, has con- 
strained me to call together in extra session the people's representatives in Congress, 
to the end that through the wise and patriotic exercise of the legislative duties with 
which they solely are charged, the present evils may be mitigated and dangers threaten- 
ing the future may be averted. Our unfortunate financial plight is not the result of 
untoward events, nor of conditions related to our natural resources. Nor is it trace- 
able to any of the afflictions which frequently check National growth and prosperity. 
With plenteous crops, with abundant promise of remunerative production and manu- 
facture, with unusual invitation to safe investment, and with satisfactory assurances 
to business enterprises, suddenly financial distrust and fear have sprung up on every 
side. Numerous monied institutions have suspended, because abundant assets were 
not immediately available to meet the demands of frightened depositors. Surviving 
corporations and individuals are content to keep in hand the money they are usually 
anxious to loan, and those engaged in legitimate business are surprised to find that 
the securities they offer for loans, though heretofore satisfactory, are no longer ac- 
cepted. Values supposed to be fixed are fast becoming conjectural and loss and failure 
have invaded every branch of business." 

THE CAUSE OF THE CHANGE. 

What a startling and sudden change within the short period of eight months, from 
December, 1892, to August, 1893! What had occurred! A change of administra- 
tion ; all branches of the Government had been entrusted to the Democratic Party, 
which was committed against the protective policy that had prevailed uninterruptedly 
for more than thirty-two years and brought unexampled prosperity to the country, 
and firmly pledged to its complete overthrow and the substitution of a tariff for reve- 
nue only. The change having been decreed by the elections in November, its effects 
were at once anticipated and felt. We can not close our eyes to these altered condi- 
tions, nor would it be wise to exclude from contemplation and investigation the- 
causes which produced them. They are facts which we can not as a people diregard, 
and we can only hope to improve our present condition by a study of their causes. In 
December, 1892, we had the same currency and practically the same volume of cur- 
rency that we have now. It aggregated in 1892, $2,372,599,501; in 1893, $2,323,- 
000,000: in 1894, $2,323,442,362; and in December, 1895, $2,194,000,230. The per 
capita of money, too, has been practically the same during this whole period. The 
quality of the money has been identical — all kept equal to gold. There is nothing con- 
nected with our money, therefore, to account for this sudden and aggravated industrial 
change. Whatever is to be deprecated in our financial system, it must everywhere be 
admitted that our money has been absolutely good and has brought neither loss nor 
inconvenience to its holders. A depreciated currency has not existed to further vex 
the troubled business situation. 

GOOD MONEY NEVER MADE TIMES HARD. 

It is a mere pretence to attribute the hard times to the fact that all our currency is 
on a gold basis. Good money never made times hard. Those who assert that our 
present industrial and financial depression is the result of the gold standard, have not 
read American history aright, or been careful students of the events of recent years. 
We never had greater prosperity in this country, in every field of employment and 
industry, than in the busy years from 1880 to 1892, during all of which time this 
country was on a gold basis and employed more gold money in its fiscal and business 
operations than ever before. We had, too, a protective tariff under which ample 
revenues were collected for the Government and an accumulating surplus which was 
constantly applied to the payment of the public debt. Let us hold fast to that which 
we know is good. It is not more money we want ; what we want is to put the money 
we already have at work. When money is employed, men are employed. Both have- 



152 

always been steadily and remuneratively engaged during all the years of protective 
tariff legislation. When those who have money lack confidence in the stability of 
values and investments, they will not part with their money. Business is stagnated— . 
ihe life-blood of trade is checked and congested. We can not restore public confidence 
by an act which would revolutionize all values, or an act which entails a deficiency in 
the public revenues. We can not inspire confidence by advocating repudiation or 
practicing dishonesty. We can not restore confidence either to the Treasury or to the 
people without a change in our present tariff legislation. 

THE TARIFF OF 1894. 

The only measure of a general nature that affected the Treasury and the employ- 
ments of our people passed by the Fifty-third Congress was the general Tariff Act, 
which did not receive the approval of the President. Whatever virtues may be 
claimed for that Act, there is confessedly one which it does not possess. It lacks the 
essential virtue of its creation — the raising of revenue sufficient to supply the needs 
of the Government. It has no time provided enough revenue for such needs, but it 
has caused a constant deficiency in the Treasury and a steady depletion in the earn- 
ings of labor and land. It has contributed to swell our National debt more than 
$262,000,000, a sum nearly as great as the debt of the Government from Washington 
to Lincoln, including all our foreign wars from the Revolution to the Rebellion. 
Since its passage, work at home has been diminished ; prices of agricultural products 
bave fallen ; confidence has been arrested, and general business demoralization is seen 
on every hand. 

THE TAEIFFS OF 1890 AND 1894 CONTRASTED. 

The total receipts under the Tariff Act of 1894 for the first twenty-two months of 
its enforcement, from September, 1894, to June, 1896, were $557,615,328, and the 
expenditures $640,418,363, or a deficiency of $82,803,035. The decrease in our ex- 
ports of American products and manufactures during the first fifteen months of the 
present tariff, as contrasted with the exports of the first fifteen months of the tariff of 
1890, was $220,353,320 The excess of exports over imports during the first fifteen 
months of the tariff of 1890 was $213,972^,968, but only $56,758,623 under the first 
fifteen months of the tariff of 1894, a ]oss under the latter of $157,214,345. The net 
loss in the trade balance of the United States has been $196,983,607 during the first 
fifteen months' operation of the tariff of 1894, as compared with the first fifteen 
months of the tariff of 1890. The loss has been large, constant and steady, at the 
Tate of $13,130,000 per month, or $500,000 for every business day of the year! 

LOSING IN BOTH DIRECTIONS. 

We have either been sending too much money out of the country, or getting too 
little in, or both. We have lost steadily in both directions. Our foreign trade has 
been diminished and our domestic trade has suffered incalculable loss. Does not this 
suggest the cause of our present depression, and indicate its remedy ? Confidence in 
home enterprises has almost wholly disappeared. Our shops are closed, or running 
on half time at reduced wages and small profit, if not actual loss. Our men at home 
are idle and while they are idle men abroad are occupied in supplying us with goods. 
Our unrivaled home market for the farmer has also greatly suffered because those who 
constitute it — the great army of American wage earners — are without the work and 
wages they formerly had. If they can not earn wages they can not buy products. 
They can not earn if they have no employment, and when they do not earn the 
farmer's home market is lessened and impaired, and the loss is felt by both producer 
and consumer. The loss of earning power alone in this country in the past three 
years is sufficient to have produced our unfortunate business situation. If our labor 
was well employed, and employed at as remunerative wages as in 1892, in a few 
months every farmer in the land would feel the glad change in the increased demand 
for his products and in the better prices which he would receive. 

NOT OPEN MINTS BUT OPEN MILLS. 

It is not an increase in the volume of money which is the need of the time, but an 
increase in the volume of business. Not an increase of coin, but an increase of con- 
fidence. Not more coinage, but a more active use of the money coined. Not open 
mints for the unlimited coinage of the silver of the world, but open mills for the full 
and unrestricted labor of American workingmen. The employment of our mints for 
the coinage of the silver of the world would not bring the necessaries and comforts of 
life back to our people. This will only come with the employment of the masses and 
such employment is certain to follow the re-establishment of a wise protective policy 
which shall encourage manufacturing at home. Protection has lost none of its virtue 
and importance. The first duty of the Republican Party, if restored to power in the 
country, will be the enactment of a tariff law which will raise all the money necessary 



153 

to conduct the Government, economically and honestly administered, and so adjusted 
as to give preference to home manufactures and adequate protection to home labor 
and the home market. We are not committed to any special schedules or rates of 
duty. They are and should be always subject to change to meet new conditions, but 
the principle upon which rates of duty are imposed remains the same. Our duties 
should always be high enough to measure the difference between the wages paid labor 
at home and iu competing countries, and to adequately protect American investments- 
and American enterprises. 

OUR FARMERS AND THE TARIFF. 

Our farmers have been hurt by the changes in our tariff legislation as severely as 
our laborers and manufacturers, badly as they have suffered. The Republican plat- 
form wisely declares in favor of such encouragement to our sugar interests ''as will 
lead to the production on American soil of all the sugar which the American people 
use." It promises to our wool and woolen interests " the most ample protection," a 
guaranty that ought to commend itself to every patriotic citizen. Never was a more 
grievous wrong done the farmers of our country than that so unjustly inflicted during 
the past three years upon the wool-growers of America. Although among our most 
industrious and useful citizens their interests have been practically destroyed and our 
woolen manufactures involved in similar disaster. At no time within the past thirty- 
six years, and perhaps never during any previous period, have so many of our woolen 
factories been suspended as now. The Republican Party can be relied upon to cor- 
rect these great wrongs, if again entrusted with the control of Congress. 

RECIPROCITY. 

Another declaration of the Republican platform that has my most cordial support, 
is that which favors reciprocity. The splendid results of the reciprocity arrangements 
that were made under authority of the tariff law of 1890 are striking and suggestive. 
The brief period they were in force, in most cases only three years, was not long 
enough to thoroughly test their great value, but sufficient was shown by the trial to 
conclusively demonstrate the importance and the wisdom of their adoption. In 1892, 
the export trade of the United States attained the highest point in our history. The 
aggregate of our exports, that year reached the immense sum of $1,030,278,148, a 
sum greater by $100,000,000 than the exports of any previous year. In 1893, owing 
to the threat of unfriendly tariff legislation, the total dropped to $847,665,194. Our 
exports of domestic merchandise decreased $189,000,000, but reciprocity still secured 
us a large trade in Central and South America, and a larger trade with the West Indies 
than we had ever before enjoyed. The increase of trade with the countries with which 
we had reciprocity agreements was $3,560,515 over our trade in 1892, and $16,440,721 
over our trade in 1891. The only countries with which the United States traded that 
showed increased exports in 1893 were practically those with which we had reciprocity 
arrangements. The reciprocity treaty between this country and Spain, touching the 
markets of Cuba and Puerto Rico, was announced September 1, 1891. The growth of 
our trade with Cuba was phenomenal. In 1891 we sold that country but 114,441 barrels 
of flour ; in 1892, 366.175 ; in 1893, 616,406 ; and in 1894, 662,248. Here was a growth 
of nearly five hundred per cent., while our exportations of flour to Cuba for the year 
ending June 30, 1895, — the year following the repeal of the reciprocity treaty — fell to 
379,856 barrels, a loss of nearly half our trade with that country. The value of our 
total exports of merchandise from the United States to Cuba in 1891, — the year prior 
to the negotiation of the reciprocity treaty— was $12,224,888; in 1892, $17,953,579; 
in 1893, $24,157,698: in 1894, $20,125,321"; but in 1895, after the annullment of the 
reciprocity agreement, it fell to only $12,887,661. Many similar examples might be 
given of our increased trade under reciprocity with other countries, but enough has 
been shown of the efficacy of the legislation of 1890 to justify the speedy restoration 
of its reciprocity provisions. In my judgment, Congress should immediately restore 
the reciprocity sections of the old law, with such amendments, if any, as time and ex- 
perience sanction as wise and proper. The underlying principle of this legislation 
must, however, be strictly observed. It is to afford new markets for our surplus 
agricultural and manufactured products, without loss to the American laborer of a 
single day's work that he might otherwise procure. 

FOREIGN IMMIGRATION. 

The declaration of the platform touching Foreign Immigration is one of peculiar 
importance at this time, when our own laboring people are in such great distress. I 
am in hearty sympathy with the present legislation restricting foreign immigration, 
and favor such extension of the laws as will secure the United States from invasion 
by the debased and criminal classes of the Old World. While we adhere to the public 
policy under which our country has received great bodies of honest, industrious 
citizens, who have added to the wealth, progress, and power of the country, and while 



154 

we welcome to our shores the well-disposed and industrious immigrant who con- 
tributes by his energy and intelligence to the cause of free government, we want no 
immigrants who do not seek our shores to become citizens. We should permit none 
to participate in the advantages of our civilization who do not sympathize with our 
aims and form of government. We should receive none who come to make war upon 
our institutions and profit by public disquiet and turmoil. Against all such our gates 
must be tightly closed. 

OUK SOLDIERS AND SAILOES. 

The soldiers and sailors of the Union should neither be neglected nor forgotten. 
The Government which they served so well must not make their lives or condition 
harder by treating them as suppliants for relief in old age or distress, nor regard with 
disdain or contempt the earnest interest one comrade naturally manifests in the 
welfare of another. Doubtless there have been pension abuses and frauds in the 
numerous claims allowed by the Government, but the policy governing the adminis- 
tration of the Pension Bureau must always be fair and liberal. No deserving appli- 
cant should ever suffer because of a wrong perpetrated by or for another. Our 
soldiers and sailors gave the Government the best they had. They freely offered 
health, strength, limb, and life to save the country in the time of its greatest peril, 
and the Government must honor them in their need as in their service with the 
respect and gratitude due to brave, noble, and self-sacrificing men who are justly 
entitled to generous aid in their increasing necessities. » 

OUB MERCHANT MARINE AND NAVY. 

The declaration of the Kepublican platform in favor of the upbuilding of our 
Merchant Marine has my hearty approval. The policy of discriminating duties in 
favor of our shipping which prevailed in the early years of our history should be 
again promptly adopted by Congress and vigorously supported until our prestige and 
supremacy on the seas is fully attained. We should no longer contribute directly or 
indirectly to the maintenance of the colossal marine of foreign countries, but provide 
an efficient and complete marine of our own. Now that the American Navy is assum- 
ing a position commensurate with our importance as a Nation, a policy I am glad to 
observe the Kepublican platform strongly endorses, we must supplement it with a 
Merchant Marine that will give us the advantages in both our coastwise and foreign 
trade that we ought naturally and properly to enjoy. It should be at once a matter 
of public policy and National pride to repossess this immense and prosperous trade. 

CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 

The pledge of the Republican National Convention that our civil service laws ' ' shall 
be sustained and thoroughly and honestl}' enforced, and extended wherever practi- 
cable," is in keeping with the position of the party for the past twenty-four years, and 
will be faithfully observed. Our. opponents decry these reforms. They appear will- 
ing to abandon all the advantages gained, after so many years' agitation and effort. 
They encourage a return to methods of party favoritism which both parties have often 
denounced, that experience has condemned, and that the people have repeatedly dis- 
approved. The Republican Party earnestly opposes this reactionary and entirely 
unjustifiable policy. It will take no backward step upon the question. It will seek 
to improve, but never degrade the public service. 

IT DEMANDS ESPECIAL ATTENTION. 

There are other important and timely declarations in the platform which I can not 
here discuss. I must content myself with saying that they have my approval. If, as 
Republicans, we have lately addressed our attention, with what may seem great stress 
and earnestness, to the new and unexpected assault upon the financial integrity of the 
Government, we have done it because the menace is so grave as to demand especial 
consideration, and because we are convinced that if the people are aroused to the true 
understanding and meaning of this silver and inflation movement they will avert the 
danger. In doing this we feel that we render the best service possible to the country , 
and we appeal to the intelligence, conscience and patriotism of the people, irrespec- 
tive of party, or section, for their earnest support. 

IT WILL MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER. 

We avoid no issues. We meet the sudden, dangerous and revolutionary assault 
upon law and order, and upon those to whom is confided by the Constitution and 
laws the authority to uphold and maintain them, which our opponents have made, 
with the same courage that we have faced every emergency since our organization as 
a party, more than forty years ago. Government by law must first be assured ; every- 
thing else can wait. The spirit of lawnessness must be extinguished by the fires of 
an unselfish and lofty patriotism. Every attack upon the public faith and every 



155 

suggestion of the repudiation of debts, public or private, must be rebuked by all men 
who believe that honesty is the best policy, or who love their country and would 
preserve unsullied its National honor. 

SECTIONALISM ALMOST OBLITERATED. 

The country is to be congratulated upon the almost total obliteration of the sec- 
tional lines which for so many years marked the division of the United States into 
slave and free territory, and finally threatened its partition into two separate govern- 
ments by the dread ordeal of civil war. The era of reconciliation, so long and earnestly 
desired by General Grant and many other great leaders, North and South, has happily 
come, and the feeling of distrust and hostility between the sections is everywhere 
vanishing, let us hope never to return. Nothing is better calculated to give strength 
to the Nation at home, increase our power and influence abroad, and add to the 
permanency and security of our free institutions, than the restoration of cordial re- 
lations between the people of all sections and parts of our beloved country. If called 
by the suffrages of the people to assume the duties of the high office of President of 
the United States, I shall count it a privilege to aid, even in the slightest degree, in 
the promotion of the spirit of fraternal regard which should animate and govern the 
citizens of every section. State, or part of the Eepublic. After the lapse of a century 
since its utterance, let us, at length, and forever hereafter, heed the admonition of 
Washington : " There should be no North, no South, no East, no West — but a com- 
mon country." It shall be my constant aim to improve every opportunity to advance 
the cause of good government by promoting that spirit of forbearance and justice 
which is so essential to our prosperity and happiness by joining most heartily in all 
proper efforts to restore the relations of brotherly respect and affection which in our 
early history characterized all the people of all the States. I would be glad to con- 
tribute towards binding in indivisible union the different divisions of the country, 
which, indeed, now " have every inducement of sympathy and interest " to weld them 
together more strongly than ever. I would rejoice to see demonstrated to the world, 
that the North and the South and the East and the West are not separated, or in 
danger of becoming separated, because of sectional or party differences. The war is long 
since over; " we are not enemies, but friends," and as friends we will faithfully and 
cordially co-operate, under the approving smile of Him who has thus far so signally 
sustained and guided us, to preserve inviolate our country's name and honor, its peace 
and good order, and its continued ascendency among the greatest governments on 
earth. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM McKINLEY. 



ME. HOBAET'S LETTEE OF ACCEPTANCE. 



Pateeson, N. J., Sept. 9, 1896. 
Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, and others, of the Notification Committee of the 
Eepublican National Convention. 

Gentlemen : I have already, in accepting the nomination for the office of the Vice- 
Presidency, tendered me by the National Eepublican Convention, expressed my 
approval of the platform adopted by that body as the party basis of doctrine. In 
accordance with accepted usage I beg now to supplement that brief statement of my 
views by some additional reflections upon the questions which are in debate before 
the American people. 

The platform declarations in reference to the money question express clearly and 
unmistakably the attitude of the Eepublican Party as to this supremely important 
subject. We stand unqualifiedly for honesty in finance and the permanent adjust- 
ment of our monetary system, in the multifarious activities of trade and commerce, 
to the existing gold standard of value. We hold that every dollar of currency issued 
by the United States, whether of gold, silver or paper, must be worth a dollar in gold, 
whether in the pocket of the man who toils for his daily bread, in the vault of the 
savings-bank which holds his deposits, or in the exchanges of the world. 

The money standard of a great nation should be as fixed and permanent as the 
nation itself. To secure and retain the best should be the desire of every right- 
minded citizen. Eesting on stable foundations, continuous and unvarying certainty 
of value should be its distinguishing characteristic. The experience of all history 
confirms the truth that every coin, made under any law, howsoever that coin may be 
stamped, will finally command in the markets of the world the exact value of the 
materials which compose it. The dollar of our country, whether of gold or silver, 



156 

should be of the full value of one hundred cents, and by so much as any dollar is- 
worth less than this in the market, by precisely that sum will some one be defrauded. 

GOLD THE FINAL STANDAKD. 

The necessity of a certain and fixed money value between nations as well as indi- 
viduals has grown out of the interchange of commodities, the trade and business 
relationships which have arisen among the peoples of the world, with the enlarge- 
ment of human wants and the broadening of human interests. This necessity has 
made gold the final standard of all enlightened nations. Other metals, including 
silver, have a recognized commercial value, and silver especially has a value of great 
importance for subsidiary coinage. In view of a sedulous effort by the advocates of 
free coinage to create a contrary impression, it cannot be too strongly emphasized 
that the Republican Party in its platform affirms this value in silver, and favors the 
largest possible use of this metal as actual money that can be maintained with safety. 
Not only this, it will not antagonize, but will gladly assist in promoting a double 
standard whenever it can be secured by agreement and co-operation among the 
nations. The bimetallic currency, involving the free use of silver, which we now 
have, is cordially approved by Republicans. But a standard and a currency are 
vastly different things. 

If we are to continue to hold our place among the great commercial nations, we 
must cease juggling with this question and make our honesty of purpose clear to the 
world. No room should be left for misconception as to the meaning of the language 
used in the bonds of the Government not yet matured. It should not be possible for 
any party or individual to raise a question as to the purpose of the country to pay all 
its obligations in the best form of money recognized by the commercial world. Any 
nation which is worthy of credit or confidence can afford to say explicitly on a ques- 
tion so vital to every interest what it means, when such meaning is challenged or 
doubted. It is desirable that we should make it known at once and authoritatively 
that an "honest dollar " means any dollar equivalent to a gold dollar of the present 
standard of weight and fineness. The world should likewise be assured that the 
standard dollar of America is as inflexible a quantity as the French Napoleon, the 
British sovereign, or the German 20-mark piece. 

CONSEQUENCES OF FEEE-SILVEE COINAGE. 

The free coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1 is a policy which no nation has ever 
before proposed, and it is not to-day permitted in any mint in the world — not even in 
Mexico. It is purposed to make the coinage unlimited, at an absolutely fictitious 
ratio, fixed with no reference to intrinsic value or pledge of ultimate redemption. 
With silver at its present price of less than 70 cents per ounce in the market, such a 
policy means an immediate profit to the seller of silver, for which there is no return 
now or hereafter to the people or the Government. It means that for each dollar's 
worth of silver bullion delivered at the mint, practically $2 of stamped* coin will be 
given in exchange. For $100 worth of bullion nearly two hundred silver dollars will 
be delivered. 

Let it also be remembered that the consequences of such an act would probably be 
cumulative in their effects. The crop of silver, unlike that of hay, or wheat, or corn — 
which, being of yearly production, can be regulated by the law of demand and sup- 
ply — is fixed once for all. The silver which has not yet been gathered is all in the 
ground. Dearth or other accident of the elements cannot augment or diminish it. 
Is it not more than probable that with the enormous premium offered for its mining 
the cupidity of man would make an over-supply continuous, with the necessary result 
of a steady depreciation as long as the silver dollar could be kept in circulation at all ? 
Under the laws of finance, which are as fixed as those of any other science, the inevit- 
able result would finally be a currency all and absolutely fiat. There is no difference 
in principle between the dollar half fiat and one all fiat. The latter, as the cheapest, 
under the logic of " cheap money," would surely drive the other out. 

Any attempt on the part of the Government to create by its fiat money of a fictitious 
value would dishonor us in the eyes of other people and bring infinite reproach upon 
the National character. The business and financial consequences of such an immoral 
act would be worldwide, because our commercial relations are worldwide. All our 
settlements with other lands must be made, not with the money which may be cur- 
rent in our own country, but in gold, the standard of all nations with which our rela- 
tions are most cordial and extensive, and no legislative enactment can free us from 
that inevitable necessity. It is a known fact that more than 80 per cent, of the com- 
merce of the world is settled in gold on a gold basis. 

DISCRIMINATING AGAINST PBODTJCEES. 

Such free-coinage legislation, if ever consummated, would discriminate against 
every producer of wheat, cotton, corn or rye — who should in justice be equally 



157 

entitled, with the silver-owner, to sell his products to the United States Treasury, at a 
profit fixed by the Government — and against all producers of iron, steel, zinc or 
copper, who might properly claim to have their metals made into current coin. It 
would, as well, be a fraud upon all persons forced to accept a currency thus stimulated 
and at the same time degraded. 

In every aspect the proposed policy is partial and one-sided, because it is only when 
a profit can be made by a mine-owner or dealer that he takes his silver to the mint for 
coinage. The Government is always at the losing end. Stamp such fictitious value 
upon silver ore, and a dishonest and unjust discrimination will be made against every 
other form of industry. When silver bullion worth a little more than 50 cents is made 
into a legal-tender dollar, driving out one having a purchasing and debt-paying power 
of 100 cents, it will clearly be done at the expense and injury of every class of the 
community. 

Those who contend for the free and unlimited coinage of silver may believe in all 
honesty that while the present ratio of silver to gold is as 30 to 1 (not 16 to 1), silver 
will rise above the existing market value. If it does so rise the effect will be to make 
the loss to all the people so much less, but such an opinion is but a hazardous conjec- 
ture at best, and is not justified by experience. Within the last twenty years this 
Government has bought about 460,000,000 of ounces of silver, from which it has 
coined approximately 430,000,000 of silver dollars and issued 130,000,000 of dollars in 
silver certificates, and the price of the metal has steadily declined from $1.15 per 
ounce to 68 cents per ounce. What will be the decline when the supply is augmented 
by the offerings of all the world ? The loss upon these silver purchases to the people 
of this country has now been nearly $150,000,000. 

The dollar of our fathers, about which so much is said, was an honest dollar, silver 
maintaining a full parity of intrinsic value with gold. The fathers would have spurned 
and ridiculed a proposition to make a silver dollar worth only 53 cents stand of equal 
value with a gold one worth 100 cents. The experience of all nations proves that any 
depreciation, however slight, of another standard from the parity with gold has driven 
the more valuable one out of circulation, and such experience in a matter of this kind 
is worth much more than mere interested speculative opinion. The fact that few gold 
coins are seen in ordinary circulation for domestic uses is no proof at all that the metal 
is not performing a most important function in business affairs. The foundation of 
the house is not always in sight, but the house w T ould not stand an hour if there were 
no foundation. The great enginery that moves the ocean steamship is not always in 
view of the passenger, but it is, all the same, the propelling force of the vessel, without 
which it would soon become a worthless derelict. 

A GEE AT CALAMITY THBEATENED. 

It may be instructive to consider a moment how the free and unlimited coinage of 
silver would affect a few great interests, and I mention only enough to demonstrate 
what a calamity may lie before us if the platform formulated at Chicago is permitted 
to be carried out. 

There are now on deposit in the savings banks of thirty-three States and Territories 
of this Union the vast sum of $2,000,000,000. These are the savings of almost 
5,000,000 depositors. In many cases they represent the labor and economies of years. 
Any depreciation in the value of the dollar would defraud every man, woman, and 
child to whom these savings belong. Every dollar of their earnings when deposited 
was worth 100 cents in gold of the present standard of weight and fineness. Are they 
not entitled to receive in full, with interest, all they have so deposited ? Any legisla- 
tion that would reduce it by the value of a single dime would be an intolerable wrong 
to each depositor. Every bank or banker who has accepted the earnings of these 
millions of dollars to the credit of our citizens must be required to pay them back in 
money not one whit less valuable than that which these banks and bankers received in 
trust. 

There are in this country nearly 6,000 building and loan associations, with share- 
holders to the number of 1,800,000 and with assets amounting to more than $500,- 
000,000. Their average of holdings is nearly $300 per capita, and in many cases they 
represent the savings of men and women who have denied themselves the comforts of 
life in the hope of being able to accumulate enough to buy or build homes of their 
own. They have aided in the erection of over 1,000,000 houses, which are now afford- 
ing comfort and shelter for 5,000,000 of our thrifty people. 

CONFISCATION OF SAVINGS. 

Free coinage at the arbitrary rate of sixteen ounces of silver to one of gold would 
be equivalent to the confiscation of nearly half the savings that these people have 
invested. It would be tantamount to a war upon American homemakers. It would 
bean invasion of " the homes of the provident," and tend directly to " destroy the 



158 

stimulus to endeavor and the compensation of honest toil." Every one of the share- 
holders of these associations is entitled to be repaid in money of the same value which 
he deposited by weekly payments or otherwise in these companies. No one of them 
should be made homeless because a political party demands a change in the money 
standard of our country as an experiment or as a concession to selfishness or greed. 

The magnitude of the disaster which would overtake these and cognate interests 
becomes the more strikingly apparent when considered in the aggregate. Stated 
broadly, the savings banks, life insurance and assessment companies and building 
loan associations of the country hold in trust $15,309,717,381. The debasement of 
the currency to a silver basis, as proposed by the Chicago platform, would wipe out 
at one blow approximately $7,963,504,856 of this aggregate. According to the report 
of the Department of Agriculture, the total value of the main cereal crops in this 
country in 1894 was $995,438,107. So that the total sum belonging to the people and 
held in trust in these institutions which would be obliterated by the triumph of free 
and unlimited silver coinage, would be seven and one-half times the total value of the 
annual cereal crop of the United States. The total value of the manufactured products 
of the country for the census year of 1890 was $9,372,537,283. The establishment of a 
silver basis of value, as now proposed, would entail a loss to these three interests alone 
equal to 85 per cent, of this enormous output of all the manufacturing industries of 
the Union, and would affect directly nearly one-third of its whole population. 

AN INSULT TO THE VETERANS. 

One hundred and forty millions of dollars per annum are due to the pensioners of 
the late war. That sum represents blood spilled and sufferings endured in order to 
preserve this Nation from disintegration. In many cases the sums so paid in pensions 
are exceedingly small; in few, if any, are they excessive. The spirit that would 
deplete these to the extent of a farthing is the same that would organize sedition, 
destroy the peace and security of the country, punish rather than reward our veteran 
soldiers, and is unworthy of the countenance, by thought or vote, of any patriotic 
citizen of whatever political faith. No party, until that which met in convention at 
Chicago, has ever ventured to insult the honored survivors of our struggle for the 
National life by proposing to scale their pensions horizontally, and to pay them here- 
after in depreciated dollars worth only 53 cents each. 

The amounts due, in addition to the interests already named, to depositors and trust 
companies in National, State and private banks, to holders of fire and accident insur- 
ance policies, to holders of industrial insurance, where the money deposited or the 
premiums have been paid in gold or its equivalent, are so enormous, together with 
the sums due, and to become due, for State, municipal, county or other corporate 
debts, that if paid in depreciated silver or its equivalent, it would not only entail upon 
our fellow-countrymen a loss in money which has not been equalled in a similar ex- 
perience since the world began, but it would, at the same time, bring a disgrace to our 
country such as has never befallen any other nation which bad the ability to pay its 
honest debts. In our condition, and considering our magnificent capacity for raising 
revenue, such wholesale repudiation is without necessity or excuse. No political ex- 
pediency or party exigency, however pressing, could justify so monstrous an act. 

All these deposits and debts must, under the platform of the Republican party, be 
met and adjusted in the best currency the world knows, and measured by the same 
standard in which the debts have been contracted or the deposits or payments have 
been made. 

Still dealing sparingly with figures, of which there is an enormous mass to sustain 
the position of the advocates of the gold standard of value, I cite one more fact, which 
is officially established, premised by the truism that there is no better test of the 
growth of the country's prosperity than its increase in the per capita holdings of 
its population. In the decade between 1880 and 1890, during which we had our ex- 
isting gold standard, and were under the conditions that supervened from the act of 
1873, the per capita ownings of this country increased from $870 to $1,036. In those 
ten years the aggregate increase of the wealth of our country was $21,395,000,000, be- 
ing 50 per cent, in excess of the increase for any previous 10 years since 1850, and at 
the amazing rate of over $2,000,000,000 a year. The framers of the Chicago platform 
in the face of this fact, and of the enormous increase over Great Britain, during this 
same gold-standard decade, of our country's foreign trade and its production of iron, 
coal, and other great symbols of National strength and progress, assert that our 
monetary standard is " not only un-American, but anti- American, "and that it has 
brought us "into financial servitude to London." It is impossible to imagine an 
assertion more reckless and indefensible. 

THE ONLY LOGICAL CONCLUSION. 

The proposition for free and unlimited silver coinage, carried to its logical conclu- 
sion — and but one is possible — means, as before intimated, legislative warrant for the 



159 

repudiation of all existing indebtedness, public and private, to the extent of nearly 50 
per cent, of the face of all such indebtedness. It demands an unlimited volume of 
fiat currency, irredeemable, and therefore without any standard value in the markets 
of the world. Every consideration of public interest and public honor demands that 
this proposition should be rejected by the American people. 

This country cannot afford to give its sanction to wholesale spoliation. It must 
hold fast to its integrity. It must still encourage thrift in all proper ways. It must 
not only educate its children to honor and respect the Flag, but it should inculcate 
fidelity to the obligations of personal and national honor as well. Both these great 
principles should hereafter be taught in the common schools of the land, and the 
lesson impressed upon those who are the voters of to-day and those who are to become 
the inheritors of sovereign power in the Republic, that it is neither wise, patriotic, 
nor safe to make political platforms the mediums of assault upon property, the peace 
of society and upon civilization itself. 

PUTTING A PREMIUM ON DISHONESTY. 

Until these lessons have been learned by our children, and by those who have 
reached the voting age, it can only be surmised what enlightened statesmen and 
political economists will record, as to the action of a party convention which offers an 
inducement to National dishonesty by a premium of 47 cents for every 53 cents' worth 
of silver that can be extracted from the bowels of the whole earth, with a cordial in- 
vitation to all to produce it at our mints and accept for it a full silver legal-tender 
dollar of one hundred cents rated value, to be coined free of charge and unlimited in 
quantity for private account. 

But vastly more than a mere assertion of a purpose to reconstruct the National cur- 
rency is suggested by the Chicago platform. It assumes, in fact, the form of a revo- 
lutionary propaganda. It embodies a menace of National disintegration and destruc- 
tion. This spirit manifested itself in a deliberate proposition to repudiate the plighted 
public faith, to impair the sanctity of the obligation of private contracts, to cripple 
the credit of the Nation by stripping the Government of the power to borrow money 
as the urgent exigencies of the Treasury may require, and, in a word, to overthrow all 
the foundations of financial and industrial stability. 

Nor is this all. Not content with a proposition to thus debauch the currency and 
to unsettle all conditions of trade and commerce, the party responsible for this plat- 
form denies the competency of the Government to protect the lives and property of 
its citizens against internal disorder and violence. 

THE ASSAULT ON THE SUPREME COURT. 

It assails the judicial muniments reared by the Constitution for the defence of indi- 
vidual rights and the public welfare, and it even threatens to destroy the integrity and 
independence of the Supreme Court, which has been considered the last refuge of the 
citizen against every form of outrage and injustice. 

In the face of the serious peril which these propositions embody, it would seem that 
there could be but one sentiment among right-thinking citizens as to the duty of the 
hour. All men of whatever party, who believe in law, and have some regard for the 
sacredness of individual and institutional rights, must unite in defence of the endan- 
gered interests of the Nation. 

While the financial issue which has been thus considered, and which has come, as 
the result of the agitation of recent years, to occupy a peculiar conspicuousness, is 
admittedly of primary importance, there is another question which must command 
careful and serious attention. Our financial and business condition is at this moment 
one of almost unprecedented depression. Our great industrial system is seriously 
paralyzed. Production in many important branches of manufacture has altogether 
ceased. Capital is without remunerative employment. Labor is. idle. The revenues 
of the Government are insufficient to meet its ordinary and necessary expenses. These 
conditions are not the result of accident. They are the outcome of a mistaken eco- 
nomic policy deliberately enacted and applied. It would not be difficult, and would 
not involve any violent disturbance of our existing commercial system, to enact neces- 
sary tariff modifications along the lines of experience. 

TARIFF POLICIES CONTRASTED. 

For the first two fiscal years of the so-called McKinley Tariff, the receipts from cus- 
toms were $380,807,980. At this writing the Wilson Tariff act has been in force for 
nearly two full fiscal years; but the total receipts, actual and estimated, cannot exceed 
$312,441,947. A steady deficit, constantly depleting the resources of the Government 
and trenching even upon its gold reserve, has brought about public distrust and busi- 
ness disaster. It has, too, necessitated the sale of §262,000,000 of bonds, thereby in- 
creasing to that extent the National debt. It will be remembered that in no year of 
the more than a quarter of a century of continuous Republican Administration sue- 



160 

ceeding the civil war, when our industries were disintegrated and all the conditions of 
business were more or less disturbed, was the National debt increased by a single dol- 
lar ; it was, on the contrary, steadily and rapidly diminished. In such a condition of 
affairs as this, it is idle to argue against the necessity of some sort of a change in our 
fiscal laws. The Democratic Party declares for a remedy by direct taxation upon a 
selected class of citizens. It opposes any application of the protective principle. 

Our party holds that by a wise adjustment of the tariff, conceived in moderation and 
with a view to stability, we may secure all needed revenue, and it declares that in the 
event of its restoration to power it will seek to accomplish that result. It holds, too, 
that it is the duty of the Government to protect and encourage in all practical ways 
the development of domestic industries, the elevation of home labor, and the enlarge- 
ment of the prosperity of the people. It does not favor any form of legislation which 
would lodge in the Government the power to do what the people ought to do for them- 
selves, but it believes that it is both wise and patriotic to discriminate in favor of our 
own material resources, and the utilization, under the best attainable conditions, of 
our own capital and our own available skill and industry. 

The words of the Republican National platform on this subject are at once temper- 
ate and emphatic. It says of the policy of protection: "In its reasonable application 
it is just, fair, and impartial, equally opposed to foreign control and domestic monopoly, 
to sectional discrimination and individual favoritism. . . . We demand such an 
equitable tariff on foreign imports which come into competition with American 
products as will not only furnish adequate revenue for the necessary expenses of the 
Government, but will protect American labor from degradation to the wage level of 
other lands. We are not pledged to any particular schedules. The question of rates 
is a practical question, to be governed by the conditions of the time and of produc- 
tion ; the ruling and uncompromising principle is the protection and development of 
American labor and industry. The country demands a right settlement, and then it 
wants rest." 

THE TWIN CAMPAIGN ISSUES. 

The Republican Party, in its first successful National contest, under Abraham Lin- 
coln, declared in favor " of that policy of National exchanges which secures to the 
workingman living wages, to agriculture remunerative prices, to mechanics and man- 
ufacturers an adequate reward for their skill, labor, and enterprise, and to the Nation 
commercial prosperity and independence." The principle thus enunciated has never 
been abandoned. In the crisis now upon us it must be tenaciously adhered to. While 
we must insist that our monetary standard shall be maintained in harmony with that 
of the civilized world, that our currency shall be sound and honest, we must also re- 
member that unless we make it possible for capital to find employment and for labor 
to earn ample and remunerative wages it will be impossible to attain that degree of 
prosperity which, with a sound monetary policy buttressed by a sound tariff policy, 
will be assured. 

In 1892, when by universal consent we touched the high-water mark of our Na- 
tional prosperity, we were under the same financial system that we have to-day. Gold 
was then the sole standard, and silver and paper were freely used as the common cur- 
rency. We had a tariff framed by Republican hands under the direction of the great 
statesman who now logically leads the contest for a restoration of the policy whose 
reversal brought paralysis to so many of our industries and distress upon so large a 
body of our people. We were under the policy of reciprocity, formulated by another 
illustrious statesman of the genuine American type. We may, if we choose to do so, 
return to the prosperous conditions which existed before the present Administration 
came into power. 

FAITH IN THE AMEBIC AN PEOPLE. 

My sincere conviction is that my countrymen will prove wise enough to understand 
the issues that confront them, and patriotic enough to apply safe and sure remedies 
for the evils that oppress us. They will not, I am sure, accept again at their face 
value the promises of a party, which, under desperate and perverted leadership, has 
so recently dishonored its solemn pledges, which has repudiated the principles and 
policies which have given it a historic past, and the success of which, as now consti- 
tuted, would endanger at home private security and the public safety, and disas- 
trously affect abroad both our credit and good name. And foremost among those who 
will decline to follow where the new Democracy leads will be thousands of men, Dem- 
ocrats aforetime and Democrats to-day, who count country more than party, and are 
unwilling even by indirection to contribute to results so disastrous to our most sacred 
interests. 

The platform of the Republican National Convention states the party position con- 
cerning other questions than those herein referred to. These, while at the present 
time of subordinate importance, should not be overlooked. The Republican Party 



161 

has always been the defender of the rights of American citizenship, as against all 
aggressions whatever, whether at home or abroad. It has, to the extent of its power, 
defended those rights and hedged them about with law. Regarding the ballot as the 
expression and embodiment of the sovereignty of the individual citizen, it has sought 
to safeguard it against assault, and to preserve its purity and integrity. In our for- 
eign relations it has labored to secure to every man entitled to the shelter of our flag 
the fullest exercise of his rights consistent with international obligation. If it should 
be restored to rulership, it would infuse needed vigor into our relations with Powers 
which have manifested contempt and disregard, not only of American citizenship, but 
of humanity itself. 

THE HOME MUST BE PKOTECTED. 

The Republican Party has always stood for the protection of the American home. 
It has aimed to secure it in the enjoyment of all the blessings of remunerated industry, 
of moral culture, and of favorable physical environment. It was the party which in- 
stituted the policy of free homesteads, and which holds now that this policy should 
be re-established, and that the public lands yet vacant and subject to entry in any 
part of our National territory, should be preserved against corporate aggression as 
homes for the people. It realizes that the safety of the State lies in the multiplication 
of households, and the strengthening of that sentiment of which the virtuous home is 
the best and the truest embodiment; and it will aim to dignify and enlarge by all 
proper legislation this element of security. 

If elected to the position for which I have been nominated, it will be my earnest and 
constant endeavor, under Divine guidance, in the sphere of duty assigned to me, to 
serve the people loyally along the line of the principles and policies of the party which 
has honored me with its preference. 

I am, gentlemen of the committee, very truly yours, 

GARRET A. HOBART. 



REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE 

AND ITS 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND OFFICERS 



., MARCUS A. HANNA, Chairman, Cleveland, Ohio. 
MATTHEW S. QUAY, Beaver, Pennsylvania. 
JOSEPH H. MANLEY, Augusta, Maine. 
HENRY C. PAYNE, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 
POWELL CLAYTON, Eureka Springs, Arkansas. 
CYRUS LELAND, Jb., Troy, Kansas. 
N. B. SCOTT, Wheeling, West Virginia. 
WILLIAM T. DURBIN, Anderson, Indiana. 
CHARLES T. DAWES, Evanston, Illinois. 
WILLIAM M. OSBORNE, Secretary, Boston, Massachusetts. 
CORNELIUS N. BLISS, Treasurer, New York City. 
CHARLES DICK, Assistant Secretary, Akron, Ohio. 
S. A. PERKINS, Assistant Secretary, Tacoma, Washington. 
H. L. SWORDS, Sergt.-at.Arms, Des Moines, Iowa. 

General Committee. 

State. Name. P. O. Address. 

Alabama William Youngblood Montgomery. 

Alaska C. S.Johnson Juneau. 

Arkansas Powell Clayton Eureka Springs. 

California John D. Spreckles San Francisco. 

Connecticut Samuel Fessenden Stamford. 

Delaware James H. Wilson Wilmington. 

District of Columbia Myron M. Parker Washington. 

Florida John C. Long St. Augustine. 

Georgia Judson W. Lyons Augusta. 

Idaho George L. Shoup Salmon City. 

Illinois T. N. Jamison Chicago. 

Indiana , William T. Durbin Anderson. 

Indian Territory Leo E. Bennett Muscogee. 

Iowa A. B. Cummins Des Moines. 

Kansas Cyrus Leiand, Jr Troy. 

Kentucky John W. Yerkes Danville. 

Louisiana A. T. Wimberly New Orleans. 

Maine Joseph H. Manley Augusta. 

Maryland George L. Wellington Cumberland. 

Massachusetts George H. Lyman Boston. 

Michigan George L. Maltz Detroit. 

Minnesota L. F. Hubbard Red Wing. 

Mississippi James Hill Jackson. 

Missouri Richard C. Kerens St. Louis. 

Montana Charles R. Leonard Helena. 

Nebraska John M. Thurston Omaha. 

New Hampshire Person C. Cheney Concord. 

New Jersey Garret A. Hobart Paterson. 

New York Frederick S. Gibbs New York. 

North Carolina James E. Boyd Greensboro. 

North Dakota William H. Robinson Mayville. 



163 

State. Name. P. O. Address. 

Ohio Charles L. Kurtz Columbus. 

Oklahoma Henry E. Asp Guthrie. 

Oregon Charles H. Dodd Portland. 

Pennsylvania Matthe w S. Quay Beaver. 

Khode Island Charles B,. Brayton Providence. 

South Carolina Eugene A. Webster Orangeburg. 

South Dakota , A. B. Kittridge Sioux Falls. 

Tennessee Walter P. Brownlow Jonesboro. 

Texas John Grant Sherman. 

Vermont George T. Childs St. Albans. 

Virginia George E. Bowden Norfolk. 

Washington Porter C. Sullivan Tacoma. 

West Virginia N. B. Scott , Wheeling. 

Wisconsin Henry C. Payne Milwaukee. 

Wyoming Willis Van De vanter Cheyenne. 

The National Committee has two headquarters, viz., at New York and Chicago, with 
Messrs. Quay, Manley, Clayton, and Scott, of the Executive Committee, Secretary 
Osborne and Assistant Secretary Perkins on duty at New York, Senator Quay being in 
charge, and Messrs. Payne, Leland, Durbin,and Dawes, of the Executive Committee, 
and Assistant Secretary Dick on duty at Chicago, Mr. Hanna being in charge. 



REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE 

AND ITS 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND OFFICERS. 



Officers. 

JOSEPH W. BABCOCK, Chairman. 
LEWIS D. APSLEY, Vice-Chaibman. 
DAVID H. MEBCEB, Secretary. 
WABNEB P. SUTTON", Assistant Secretary. 
WILLIAM B. THOMPSON, Treasurer. 

Executive Committee. 

JOHN A. T. HULL, Iowa. 

JOSEPH G. CANNON, Illinois. 

JETEB C. PRITCHAKD, North Carolina. 

JESSE OVERSTBEET, Indiana. 

JAMES S. SHEBMAN, New York. 

JOHN H. MITCHELL, Oregon. 

State. Name. P. O. Address. 

Alabama William F. Aldrich Aldrieh. 

California Eugene F. Loud San Francisco. 

Colorado Edward O. Wolcott Denver. 

Connecticut Charles A. Bussell Killingly. 

Delaware Jonathan S. Willis Milford. 

Idaho Edgar Wilson Boise. 

Illinois Joseph G. Cannon Danville. 

Indiana Jesse Overstreet Franklin. 

Iown John A. T. Hull Des Moines. 

Kansas Chester I. Long Medicine Lodge. 

Kentucky David G. Colson Middlesboro. 

Maine Charles A. Boutelle Bangor. 

Maryland Charles E. Coffin Muirkirk. 

Massachusetts L. D. Apsley Hudson. 

Michigan David D. Aitken Flint. 

Minnesota James A. Tawney Winona. 

Missouri Charles F. Joy St. Louis. 

Montana 

Nebraska David H. Mercer Omaha. 

New Hampshire Jacob H. Gallinger Concord. 

New Jersey H. C. Loudenslager Paulsboro. 

New York James S. Sherman Utica. 

North Carolina Jeter C. Pritchard Marshall. 

North Dakota Martin N. Johnson Petersburg. 

Ohio Jacob H. Bromwell Cincinnati. 

Oregon John H. Mitchell Portland. 

Pennsylvania John E. Beyburn Philadelphia. 

Rhode Island Melville Bull Newport. 

South Dakota 

Tennessee Henry R. Gibson Knoxville. 

Texas George H. Noonan San Antonio. 

Utah ; 

Vermont Redfield Proctor Proctor. 

Virginia James A. Walker Wytheville. 

Washington 

West Virginia Warren Miller Jackson. 

Wisconsin Joseph W. Babcock Necedah. 

Wyoming . .Frank W. Mondell Newcq^tle. 

Arizona Nathan O. Murphy Phoenix. 

New Mexico Thomas B. Catron Santa Fe. 

Oklahoma Dennis T. Flynn Guthrie. 

States not represented : Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
Montana, Nevada, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, and Washington. Territories, 
&c: Alaska, District of Columbia, and Indian Territory. 



165 



CHAIRMEN AND SECRETARIES REPUBLICAN STATE COMMITTEES. 

Alabama R. A. Moseley, Jr., Chairman, Birmingham. 

R. W. Andrews, Secretary, Birmingham. 
Arkansas Henry M. Cooper, Chairman, Little Rook. 

M. W. G-ibbs, Secretary, Little Rock. 
California Frank McLaughlin, Chairman, Palace Hotel, San Francisco. 

M. R. Higgins, Secretary, Palace Hotel, San Francisco. 
Colorado J. L. Hodges, Chairman, Denver. 

A. B. Johnson, Secretary, Denver. 
Connecticut O. R. Fyler, Chairman, Torrington. 

Samuel A. Eddy, Secretary, Canaan. 
Delaware ...Hugh C. Brown, Chairman, Wilmington. 

W. C. R. Colquhoun, Secretary, Wilmington. 
Florida John E. Stillman, Chairman, Jacksonville. 

J. E. Lee, Secretary, Jacksonville. 
Georgia A. E. Buck, Chairman, Atlanta. 

J. H. Deveraux, Secretary, Savannah. 
Idaho George H. Stewart, Chairman, Ada. 

John T. Morrison, Secretary, Canyon. 
Illinois Chas. P. Hitch, Chairman, Great Northern Hotel, Chicago. 

Jas. R. B. Van Cleave, Secretary, Great Northern Hotel, Chicago. 
Indiana John W. Gowdy, Chairman, 17 Journal Building, Indianapolis. 

Robt. E. Mansfield, Secretary, 17 Journal Building, Indianapolis. 
Iowa , H. G. McMillan, Chairman, Rock Rapids. 

I. M. Treynor, Secretary, Council Bluffs. 
Kansas Cyrus Leland, Jr., Chairman, Troy. 

J. L. Bristow, Secretary, Topeka. 
Kentucky C. M. Barnett, Chairman, Hartford. 

"William E. Riley, Secretary, Louisville. 
Louisiana (lj T. A. Cage, Chairman, 117 Exchange Alley, New Orleans. 

L. J. Joubert, Secretary, 117 Exchange Alley, New Orleans. 

Louisiana (2) P. F. Herwig, Chairman Ex. Committee, 303 and 305 St. Charles 

St., New Orleans. 

A. T. Wimberly, Chairman Ex. Campaign Com., New Orleans. 
Maine Joseph H. Manley, Chairman, Augusta. 

Byron Boyd, Secretary, Augusta. 
Maryland Hon. George L. Wellington, Chairman, Cumberland. 

H. Clay Naill, Secretary, Baltimore. 
Massachusetts George N. Lyman, Chairman, Boston. 

Thomas Talbot, Secretary, Boston. 
Michigan D. M. Ferry, Chairman, Detroit. 

D. E. Alward, Secretary, Detroit. 

Minnesota Tarns Bixby, Chairman Ex. Committee, St. Paul. 

Eli S. Warner, Chairman, St. Paul. 

E. M. Johnson, Secretary, St. Paul. 
Mississippi J. Meredith Matthews, Chairman, Winona (old). 

W. H. Gibbs, Secretary, Jackson (old). 
Missouri Chauncey I. Filley, Chairman, St. Louis. 

Albert Griffin, Secretary, St. Louis. 
Mon;ana Hon. Lee Mantle, Chairman, Butte. 

Thomas A. Cummings, Secretary, Fort Benton. 
Nebraska ..- George W. Post, Chairman, York. 

John T. Mallalieu, Secretary, Kearney. 
Nevada R. K. Colcord, Chairman, Carson City. 

E. D. Banderlieth, Secretary, Carson City. 
New Hampshire Stephen S. Jewett, Chairman, Laconia. 

William Tutherly, Secretary, Concord. 
Nefp Jersey Franklin Murphy, Chairman, Newark. 

John Y. Foster, Secretary, Newark. 
New York.. , Chas. W. Hackett, Chairman, Utica. 

John S. Kenyon, Secretary, New York. 
Ohio ...H. P. Crouse, Chairman, Tiffin. 

C. E. Hard, Secretary, Portsmouth. 

C. L. Kurtz, Chairman Executive Committee, Columbus. 
Oregon Sol. Hirsch, Chairman, Portland. 

Jonathan Bourne, Jr., Secretary, Portland. 



166 



Pennsylvania John P. Akin, Chairman, Philadelphia. 

Jere D. Rex, Secretary, Philadelphia. 

W. R. Andrews, Secretary, Philadelphia. 
Rhode Island Hunter C. White, Chairman, Providence. 

Eugene F. Warner, Secretary, Providence. 
Tennessee Newell Sanders, Chairman, Chattanooga. 

Lee Brock, Secretary, Nashville. 
Texas H. F. McGregor, Chairman, Houston. 

James P. Newcomb, Secretary, San Antonio. 
Vermont Olin Merrill, Chairman, Enosburgh Falls. 

F. E. Burgess, Secretary, Enosburgh Falls, 

Virginia William Lamb, Chairman, Norfolk (Richmond?) 

Washington Scott. Swetland, Chairman, Tacoma. 

Hon. E. D. Cowen, Secretary, Tacoma. 
West Virginia Wm. M. 0. Dawson, Chairman, Wheeling. 

A. B. White, Secretary, Wheeling. 
Wisconsin Edwin D. Coe, Chairman, Milwaukee. 

John M., Ewing, Secretary, Milwaukee. 
Wyoming Willis Van Devanter, Chairman, Cheyenne. 

B. M. Ausherman, Secretary, Evanston. 
Arizona T. J. Woofley, Chairman, Phoenix (old). 

W. M. Griffith, Secretary, Tucson (old). 
New Mexico E. L. Bartlett, Chairman, Santa Fe. 

Max. Frost, Secretary, Santa Fe. 
Oklahoma William Grimes, Chairman, Kingfisher. 

Harry F. Ardery, Secretary, Guthrie. 



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